Table of Contents |
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211 | Full Research Paper |
7 | Letter |
27 | Review |
10 | Editorial |
2 | Commentary |
3 | Correction |
Figure 1: XRD patterns of the samples synthesized.
Figure 2: XPS spectra of Ti 2p (A); Tm 4d5/2 (B); O 1s including contributions of different O in the samples ...
Figure 3: UV–vis spectra of the synthesized samples obtained in diffuse reflectance mode.
Figure 4: Band gap energy values as a function of Tm doping concentration at different annealing temperatures....
Figure 5: Raman spectra obtained using a 532 nm (a) and a 785 nm (b) illumination source.
Figure 6: (a) TEM image of 2 atom % Tm-doped sample annealed at 1173 K and EELS maps obtained for the Ti3 pea...
Figure 7: (a) TEM image of the 5.8 atom % Tm-doped sample annealed at 973 K and EELS maps obtained for the Ti...
Figure 8: Photodegradation of MB under UV irradiation using the samples annealed at 1173 K as catalyst.
Figure 1: High resolution Ti 2p (left) and O 1s (right) XPS spectra of pristine titanium surfaces (A) and sur...
Figure 2: FTIR spectra of starting neridronate (A), APTES (B) and dopamine (C) organic moieties in their nati...
Figure 3: High resolution C 1s XPS spectra of neridronate (A), APTES siloxane (B) and PDA (C) films on the su...
Figure 4: AFM images of the neat, flat titanium surface (RRMS = 0.5 ± 0.3 nm) (A), and confluent anchor layer...
Figure 5: Differential IRRAS spectra of free alginate adsorbed onto a flat titanium surface (A) and covalentl...
Figure 6: High resolution C 1s XPS spectra of alginate coatings on neridronate (A), APTES siloxane (B) and PD...
Figure 7: Ellipsometric thickness and water contact angle evolution of ALG bound to neridronate, APTES siloxa...
Figure 8: Evolution of IRRAS spectra of ALG bound to neridronate (A), to APTES siloxane (B) and to PDA (C) up...
Scheme 1: Performed surface treatments and subsequent reactions for the activation and modification of titani...
Figure 1: Molecular structure and schematic representation of the “molecular clip” illustrating its specific ...
Figure 2: “On demand” realization of dimer-, polymer- or network-like topologies from a given rigid core and ...
Figure 3: Compound IV: (A) molecular structure and (B) self-assembly of IV demonstrated by a high-resolution ...
Figure 4: 3D Janus tecton: schematic structure of the two-faced building block laying on the substrate (alkyl...
Figure 5: Synthetic strategy and expected organization on C(sp2)-carbon-based supports of the self-assembled ...
Figure 6: Self-assembly of a Janus tecton precursor (JAP) and the Janus tectons (JA). Drift-corrected STM ima...
Figure 7: Self-assembly on graphene. Drift-corrected STM images obtained in air on a monolayer graphene subst...
Figure 1: Tilted-view, SEM observations of SiNW samples without tapering (a) and for different tapering times...
Figure 2: TEM image of a silicon nanowire obtained using the same conditions as those in Figure 1a.
Figure 3: Reflection spectra of SiNWs in the visible spectral range without tapering and after 10, 30, and 50...
Scheme 1: Polymerization reaction scheme for PEDOT synthesis.
Scheme 2: Polymer reduction reaction scheme for PEDOT.
Figure 4: Two successive CVs performed on vitreous carbon with 10 mM EDOT and 0.1 M LiClO4 in acetonitrile so...
Figure 5: 10 successive CVs performed on vitreous carbon with 10 mM EDOT and 0.1 M LiClO4 in acetonitrile sol...
Figure 6: FTIR spectrum of a PEDOT film electropolymerized onto vitreous carbon.
Figure 7: CVs of PEDOT deposition on SiNWs under various conditions. Scan rate: 100 mV/s. (a) 10 mM EDOT with...
Figure 8: Two successive CVs performed on SiNWs under illumination with 10 mM EDOT and 0.1 M LiClO4 in aceton...
Figure 9: (a) SEM tilted-view of PEDOT covering the top of a SiNW array after 5 s of electrodeposition; (b) c...
Figure 10: Tilted-view SEM images of SiNWs after PEDOT deposition at 1.5 V pulse deposition with a 10 mM EDOT ...
Figure 11: Cross-sectional view of HRSEM images of SiNWs/PEDOT sample after 10 s tapering (a) and 30 s taperin...
Figure 12: TEM image of a single SiNW/PEDOT after 30 s of tapering (corresponding to the sample in 11b).
Figure 13: Schematic illustration of the processes resulting in PEDOT/SiNW hybrid structures. (a) Continuous e...
Figure 14: Current–potential characterization of the diodes with SiNW arrays tapered for 10 s (solid line) and...
Figure 1: Schematic representation of experiments conducted within the collaboration project REPROTOX.
Figure 2: (A) Exemplary AuAg colloids with different molar fractions. (B) Correlation of gold molar fraction ...
Figure 3: Representative TEM-micrographs of bovine spermatozoa after co-incubation with gold nanoparticles (A...
Figure 4: Sperm viability parameters after co-incubation of sperm for 2 h at 37 °C with various nanoparticle ...
Figure 5: Oocyte maturation rates after 46 h of in vitro maturation in the presence of various nanoparticle t...
Figure 6: Representative laser scanning microscope images of porcine cumulus–oocyte complexes after 46 h co-i...
Figure 7: (A) Number weighted size distribution of AgNP in situ (red line) and ex situ (black line) conjugate...
Figure 8: Blastocyst development rates after microinjection of nanoparticles into 2-cell-stage murine embryos...
Figure 1: LCM-DIM images of a) freshly cleaved biotite (001) surface and b) the same surface after about 17 h...
Figure 2: LCM-DIM images: a) freshly cleaved biotite (001) surface and b) the same surface after about 63 h a...
Figure 3: LCM-DIM images: a) freshly cleaved biotite (001) surface; b) same surface after about 33 h and c) a...
Figure 4: Unwrapped phase shift interferograms of a reacted biotite (001) surface at pH 9.5 and 50 °C after a...
Figure 5: Comparison of characteristic Raman spectra of the (001) biotite surface and that of a streak formed...
Figure 6: Schematic representation of the experimental setup: (a) Laser confocal differential intereference c...
Figure 1: Exemplary copepod species. (a) Female of Calanoides acutus, one of the dominant calanoid copepod sp...
Figure 2: Mouthparts and different types of mandibular gnathobases of calanoid copepods. (a) Section of the m...
Figure 3: Mandibular gnathobases of female Centropages hamatus. (a, c–e) Scanning electron micrographs (all c...
Figure 4: Mandibular gnathobases of female Centropages hamatus. (a–e) Confocal laser scanning micrographs (al...
Figure 5: Mandibular gnathobases of female Rhincalanus gigas. (a) Scanning electron micrograph showing the di...
Figure 6: Mandibular gnathobases of female Rhincalanus gigas. Scanning electron micrographs (all caudal view)...
Figure 7: Muscular system of the anterior part of Centropages hamatus. Confocal laser scanning micrographs (m...
Figure 8: Faecal pellets from feeding experiments with the diatom species Fragilariopsis kerguelensis and juv...
Figure 1: Schematic of the hexagonal pattern substrate (a) and four different target units: (b) S42; (c) S0:4...
Figure 2: Extinction efficiency spectra of isolated S42 AgNR with AR = 3.5. The black curve corresponds to th...
Figure 3: Extinction, absorption and scattering efficiencies of the four target units with AR = 3.5 and their...
Figure 4: EF distributions obtained from DDA calculations for AgNR 2D hexagonal arrays of different structure...
Figure 5: The average EFs (a) and the total EFs (b) of AgNR 2D hexagonal arrays with different structures and...
Figure 6: The average EFs (a) and the total EFs (b) of S42 AgNR 2D hexagonal arrays with different ARs, illum...
Figure 7: (a) Extinction efficiency spectra of S42 AgNR 2D hexagonal array with AR ranging from 2.0 to 5.0; (...
Figure 8: The angular dependent EFavg of S42 AgNR 2D hexagonal array with AR = 3.5. The excitation wavelength...
Figure 9: The polarization-dependent EFavg (a) and the corresponding absorption (black), scattering (red) and...
Figure 10: The dependence of EFavg on the gap size along the y-direction in S42 AgNR 2D hexagonal array with A...
Figure 11: The dependence of EFavg on the standard deviation of the gap size along the y-direction in the S42 ...
Figure 12: The dependence of EFavg and extinction, absorption and scattering efficiency factors on the diagona...
Figure 1: (a) SEM images of the disk-on-disk nanostructure with s = 0, 170 and 230 nm; (b) Dependence of Mr/Ms...
Figure 2: MFM images of magnetic structure (upper row) and corresponding spin configurations (bottom row) in ...
Figure 3: Spin configurations realized in the disk-on-disk nanostructure in dependence on an external magneti...
Figure 4: Hysteresis loops corresponding to the magnetization reversal of the disk-on-disk nanostructure with...
Figure 5: Spin configurations in the disk-on-disk nanostructure during the magnetization reversal under the a...
Figure 6: Hysteresis loops measured under a field ranging from +500 to −500 Oe (black line), as well as under...
Figure 7: Scheme explaining the interplay between the orientation of an external magnetic field (angles are m...
Figure 1: (a) Schematic front view and (b) side view of the Si substrate produced by Fondazione Bruno Kessler...
Figure 2: (a) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of MWCNT samples grown on the implantation area. The i...
Figure 3: Dark current comparison of the Si substrate and the CNT–Si heterojunction.
Figure 4: (a) Details of the dark current around the threshold voltage with a curve fit. (b) C–V plot of the ...
Figure 5: (a) Photocurrent induced by a 730 nm continuous wave, low power light source at various illuminatio...
Figure 6: (a) Dark current and photocurrent tunneling in a CNT–Si heterojunction under 378 nm light illuminat...
Figure 1: a) I–V curve recorded for a typical electroburning (EB) process. Inset: optical image of one of the...
Figure 2: top) Number of measured devices displaying the following behavior: A) sizeable tunneling current (I...
Figure 3: (top) Ibreak current at which the EB process was observed in air (filled dots) and under vacuum (op...
Figure 4: a) SEM image of epitaxial graphene devices after the EB process in air (left) and under vacuum (rig...
Figure 5: a) SEM image of a non-patterned disc after the EB process. During EB the area around the graphene–m...
Figure 1: FESEM images and EDX spectrum of the ZnO nanorods grown on (a) glass, (b) PET and (c) Si substrates...
Figure 2: FESEM images with cross-sectional views (inset) of the ZnO nanorods grown on (a) glass, (b) PET and...
Figure 3: Typical XRD patterns of the ZnO nanorod arrays grown at 95 °C for 3 h on (a) Si, (b) PET and (c) gl...
Figure 4: Typical Raman spectra of the ZnO nanorods grown at 95 °C for 3 h on (a) glass, (b) PET and (c) Si s...
Figure 1: Graphene nanoribbon MZI structure (zigzag type).
Figure 2: Graphene nanoribbon MZI structure (armchair type).
Figure 3: Transmittance versus change in electron energy for graphene nanoribbon MZI structure (a) zigzag typ...
Figure 4: Device structure for light detection by coupling light between two resonant peaks. (top) zigzag str...
Figure 5: (zigzag structure) Current density versus electron energy for light detection by coupling light bet...
Figure 6: (armchair structure) Current density versus electron energy for light detection by coupling light b...
Figure 7: Variation of peak photocurrent with number of blocks illuminated. (a) zigzag structure, (b) armchai...
Figure 8: Variation of the peak photocurrent with photon energy. (a) Zigzag structure, (b) armchair structure....
Figure 9: (a) The variation of the external quantum efficiency with photon energy. (b) Linear trend of peak p...
Figure 10: (a) Variation of the external quantum efficiency with photon energy. (b) Linear trend of the peak p...
Figure 11: Transmittance and current density vs electron energy for strong photon flux (zigzag structure).
Figure 12: Transmittance and current density versus electron energy for a strong photon flux (armchair structu...
Figure 1: Left: Lateral connection of a quantum ring (Nring = 8) to external wires (any even number of sides ...
Figure 2: Pattern in the y–z-plane of the electric field produced by a pure spin current flowing in the lead,...
Figure 3: Upper panel: up-spin population of the left storage cube versus time measured in units of τ. Lower ...
Figure 4: Upper panel: up-spin population on the left storage cube versus time measured in units of τ. Lower ...
Figure 5: Spin-up current from the left storage cube in the cube–cube connection, when both storage cubes hav...
Figure 1: Diagram of the custom-made atmospheric pressure CVD reactor.
Figure 2: Comparison of Raman spectra: pristine PDMS, carbon nanotubes (shiny domains) and graphite nanocryst...
Figure 3: Raman characterization spectra of pristine PDMS, coated PDMS and residual nanodomains of shiny and ...
Figure 1: A typical Raman spectrum of the dense ensemble of CuS NCs (about 5–6 MLs) on a Au substrate excited...
Figure 2: Raman spectra of CuS NCs (of about 1 ML coverage) fabricated on a Si substrate with a SiO2 layer of...
Figure 3: The dependence of the IERS enhancement factor of phonon modes in CuS NCs on the thickness of the SiO...
Figure 4: a) SEM image and b) micro-Raman spectra of CuS NCs deposited on Si (lower part) and Au nanocluster ...
Figure 5: Raman spectra of CuS NCs deposited on bare Si, 75 nm SiO2 layer on Si, and on Au arrays fabricated ...
Figure 6: a) SEM image of CuS NCs with an ultra-low areal density deposited on Au arrays on SiO2 layer and b)...
Figure 1:
Valence levels and (broadened) DOS for the neutral (C60) and ionized () fullerene molecules, as com...
Figure 2: Lowest and highest occupied valence states for the neutral fullerene molecule (C60) and correspondi...
Figure 3: Energy levels and (broadened) density of states for a trapped gas of spin 1/2 fermions having a num...
Figure 4: Lowest and highest occupied one-particle wave functions and levels for a harmonically trapped gas o...
Figure 5: Zero-temperature work-distribution components (Equation 7) for a C60 molecule undergoing core ionization, and...
Figure 6: Low-temperature work distributions for: (left) a C60 molecule undergoing core-ionization; (center,r...
Figure 1: Schematic setup of atomic force acoustic microscopy.
Figure 2: Variations in the volume fraction of α- and β-phases with the heat treatment temperature as obtaine...
Figure 3: XRD spectrum obtained using the profile fitting method for Ti-6Al-4V sample heat-treated at 923 K f...
Figure 4: Topography of Ti-6Al-4V specimens heat-treated at (a) 923 K; (b) 1123 K; (c) 1223 K for one hour fo...
Figure 5: (a) Topography image and (b) a composite image showing typical microstructure in a Ti-6Al-4V specim...
Figure 6: (a) First contact resonance frequency map for a Ti-6Al-4V specimen heat-treated at 1223 K for one h...
Figure 7: Modulus and damping maps of the Ti-6Al-4V specimen’s heat-treated at (a and b) 1223 K, (c and d) 11...
Figure 1: STM images recorded at 77 K at submonolayer Si coverage showing single and double Si nanoribbons (N...
Figure 2: (a,b) STM images at different magnification scales, recorded at 77 K for a Co coverage of approx. 0...
Figure 3: XAS spectra taken at normal incidence (Θ = 0°) for both helicities (σ+ and σ−) at 4 K with a magnet...
Figure 4: (a) Hysteresis loops of 2 MLCo on Si/Ag(110) measured at 4 K at normal (Θ = 0°) and grazing (Θ = 70...
Figure 1: Schematic representation of the microwave decomposition pathway of the zinc oximato precursor in th...
Figure 2: a) HRTEM image of the ZnO nanoparticle obtained from solution and b) GI-XRD spectra of the ZnO thin...
Figure 3: AFM micrographs of (a) the bare wt TMV template immobilized on a Si/SiO2 substrate as well as (b) t...
Figure 4: Overall thickness of the wt TMV/ZnO hybrid material as a function of the number of deposition cycle...
Figure 5: Schematic representation of the wt TMV/ZnO based FET device (a). Performance of the FET device fabr...
Figure 1: Photograph of a dish containing CNT-sponges, and two cut pieces of few cubic mm.
Figure 2: SEM micrographs showing the entangled structure of the network acquired at two different magnificat...
Figure 3: Electron energy loss spectra (Ep = 300 eV) obtained on the CNT-sponge. The π and π + σ plasmons hav...
Figure 4: Photographs of water droplets of different volumes (a) and contact angle profile of a single drop (...
Figure 5: Stability of the super-hydrophobic state. No roll-off angle was measured, even when the substrate i...
Figure 6: Burning and reuse of the CNT-sponge. Photograph of the starting of the oil-adsorption process (a), ...
Figure 7: SEM micrographs of the CNT-sponge surface after one (a) and two (b) burning processes. Corresponden...
Figure 8: Incident-photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE, %) obtained from a MWCNT 2D film (purple circles), and...
Figure 1: Scheme of the three-step, ZnO film deposition process. Seeds were deposited on glass slides by imme...
Figure 2: SEM micrographs of a ZnO nanorod array grown on a seeded glass slide for 1 h without the addition o...
Figure 3: X-ray diffraction patterns of ZnO films after the first CBD. Growth was performed for 1 h in total ...
Figure 4: SEM micrographs of ZnO films after the first CBD. Growth was performed for 1 h in total with and wi...
Figure 5: X-ray diffraction patterns of ZnO films after the second CBD. The films differ in the addition time...
Figure 6: SEM micrographs in plan view (left) and corresponding cross sections (right) of ZnO films after the...
Figure 7: Scheme of the proposed mechanism for the three-step ZnO film deposition process described in this w...
Figure 1: (a, b) AM-AFM images of a CaF2 crystal taken immediately after cleavage (a) and after a water patch...
Figure 2: (a,b) Reconstructed force curves on top of the terrace in Figure 1a (a) and on top of the bigger water patch...
Figure 3: (a,c) Experimental normalized Fts, Ediss and ΔΦ curves vs dmin collected on a CaF2 sample containin...
Figure 4: (a) Experimental Fts*, Ediss* and ΔΦ* curves vs dmin collected on a dry CaF2 sample. FAD = 11.4 nN, ...
Figure 5: (a) Experimental (dotted lines) and average (red line) Fts vs dmin curves collected on a CaF2 cryst...
Figure 1: Cyclic voltammogram in 0.05 M H2SO4 + 4 × 10−4 M CuSO4. v = 50 mV/s.
Figure 2: Friction image of Au(111) (in 0.05 M H2SO4 + 4 × 10−4 M CuSO4) with a variation of normal load; E =...
Figure 3: a) Friction force as a function of normal load. Green triangles: E = 0 V (Cu monolayer); red circle...
Figure 4: Stick–slip atomic resolution and cross section analysis for a) Au(111) at E = 270 mV; FN = 80 nN; s...
Figure 5: Stick–slip atomic resolution and cross section analysis for a potential jump from 320 mV (Au(111)/s...
Figure 6: Stick–slip atomic resolution and cross section analysis for a potential jump from 0 mV (full Cu adl...
Figure 7: Copper monolayer friction images at FN = a) 5, 15 nN; b) 27, 40 nN; c) 55, 70 nN and d) 82, 100 nN.
Figure 8: a) Typical cross sections from Figure 7 at FN = 15, 55 and 82 nN. b) Schematic illustration of the √7 × √3 ...
Figure 9: Friction force as a function of normal load (data, e.g., from Figure 8a).
Figure 10: Transition from irregular to regular stick–slip on a copper monolayer a) AFM image at three differe...
Figure 11: Transition between regular and irregular stick–slip on copper 2/3 during an increase (а) and a decr...
Figure 12: Friction images on Au(111). a) atomic resolution on Au(111) (no transition to non-stick–slip at thi...
Figure 13: Cyclic voltammogram of Au(111) in 0.05 M H2SO4 + 4 × 10−4 M CuSO4 as shown in Figure 1. Normal force region...
Figure 14: Force–distance curves at potentials of a) 220 mV, b) 150 mV. A large snap-off force due to adhesion...
Figure 1: XRD patterns of precursor hydrogen titanate nanoribbons and TiO2 nanoribbons derived from hydrogen ...
Figure 2: XRD patterns of TiO2 nanoribbons derived from hydrogen titanate nanoribbons resulting from a heat t...
Figure 3: XRD patterns of TiO2 nanoribbons derived from hydrogen titanate nanoribbons in water in a hydrother...
Figure 4: SEM and TEM images of TiO2 nanoribbons derived from hydrogen titanate nanoribbon precursors by heat...
Figure 5: A) SEM and B) TEM images of TiO2 nanoribbons derived from hydrogen titanate nanoribbons after treat...
Figure 6: A) SEM and B) TEM images of N-doped TiO2 nanoribbons derived from hydrogen titanate nanoribbons by ...
Figure 7: Nitrogen 1s XPS spectra of N-doped TiO2 nanoribbons derived from hydrogen titanate nanoribbons resu...
Figure 8: Room-temperature EPR spectra of TiO2 nanoribbons derived from hydrogen titanate nanoribbons by calc...
Figure 9: EPR spectra of TiO2 nanoribbons derived from hydrogen titanate nanoribbons by calcination in an NH3...
Figure 10: Comparison of the photocatalytic performance under UV–vis light for a series of TiO2 nanoribbon sam...
Figure 1: Sketch of the mechanisms underlying partial slip. A Hertzian contact under a tangential load has in...
Figure 2: (A) For a narrow contact between a sphere and a plate, deformation occurs close to the contact, onl...
Figure 3: Left: Sketch of the experimental geometry. The contacts are formed between a tripod (center top) an...
Figure 4: Data traces of frequency shift, Δf, and bandwidth shift, ΔΓ, versus amplitude of oscillation. All d...
Figure 5: Frequency shifts in the low-amplitude limit obtained on silica surfaces (A and B) and on a PMMA sur...
Figure 6: A sketch of an explanation for the increase in MHz contact stiffness when an experiment is undertak...
Figure 7: Shift in bandwidth, ΔΓ (top) and loss tangent, ΔΓ/Δf, (bottom) in the low-amplitude limit. Full and...
Figure 8: Friction coefficients, µ, obtained by analyzing the slopes in plots of Δf versus u0 (left) and ΔΓ v...
Figure 1: (a): Relation between the collision efficiency regarding the formation of agglomerates in a destabi...
Figure 2: (a): Schematic representation of the dimerization redox equilibrium between cystein and cystin. (b)...
Figure 3: Human serum albumin (HSA, PDB code: 1UOR) represented as space-filling models, colored to indicate ...
Figure 4: Binding curves as determined by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and schematic representations...
Figure 5: Composition of protein coronae around SiNPs of different sizes as identified by quantitative mass s...
Figure 6: Tenzer et al. [10] revealed in a correlation analysis distinct kinetic protein-binding modalities durin...
Figure 7: Fluorescence microscopy images (a–d) of the cellular uptake of DHLA-QDs by HeLa cells. Cells were i...
Figure 1: TEM micrograph of the Cu@silica nanoparticles. a) Overview, b) detail of the core and shell structu...
Figure 2: TEM micrograph of a Cu@silica nanoparticle. a) Bright field, b) dark field.
Figure 3: TEM micrograph of a Cu particle with an incomplete shell demonstrating moiré patterns where Cu2O ha...
Figure 4: TEM micrograph of the Ag@Si nanoparticles along with Ag agglomerates.
Figure 5: Graph of the dependence of the surface tension of Si, Cu, and Ag with temperature.
Figure 1: Powder XRD pattern of Cu1.8S synthesized after a reaction time of 24 h.
Figure 2: SEM images (a), (b) with EDX analysis, TEM image (c), and high-resolution TEM image (d) of Cu1.8S s...
Figure 3: The optimized structure (a) and deformation density (b) of the cluster.
Figure 4: TEM images and schematic illustrations (bottom right corner) of Cu1.8S dendritic structure after di...
Figure 1: Experimental total transmissivity spectrum (a) and reflectivity spectra (b) of a 6.5 µm thick photo...
Figure 2: Absorbed light fraction of a PA calculated from experimental reflectivity and transmissivity spectr...
Figure 3: Spectrum of the experimentally determined absorption enhancement factor γ(λ) (dotted line) together...
Figure 4: Specific surface area and N719 dye load of the model PA as a function of the nanoparticle diameter....
Figure 5: Fraction of light absorbed in the modeled PA in absence of light trapping (a), and in the case of m...
Figure 6: Short-circuit current density calculated for the model electrode, for varying titania nanoparticle ...
Figure 7: Example of a J–V characteristic of a DSSC based on the studied PA; the photovoltaic parameters are ...
Figure 1: Surface relief of the GeTiO film after laser irradiation with 100 laser pulses at 15 mJ/cm2 fluence...
Figure 2: Low-magnification XTEM images of the amorphous GeTiO film, before (a) and after (b) laser irradiati...
Figure 3: XTEM images of the amorphous GeTiO RF film after laser irradiation with 266 nm laser radiation. (a)...
Figure 4: Morphology details of the GeTiO film surface layer structure revealed by the cross sectional observ...
Figure 5: STEM-HAADF image (left) and a detail from the same image correlated with line scan EDX analyse (rig...
Figure 6: Size distribution of the Ge nanoparticles in region II of the laser transformed layer. The distribu...
Figure 7: EDX spectra collected on the cross section specimen with an electron beam of 50 nm diameter. (a) Sp...
Figure 8: Temperature estimation for different depths beneath the GeTiO film surface during the laser pulse a...
Figure 9: Crystallization (a) and subsequent crystal growth (b) of the Ge amorphous nanoparticle under the hi...
Figure 10: High-resolution TEM images comparing details of the initial crystallized particle (a) and the same ...