Table of Contents |
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240 | Full Research Paper |
10 | Letter |
21 | Review |
7 | Editorial |
1 | Commentary |
1 | Correction |
Figure 1: TEM micrograph and dimensional dispersion histogram (inset) of bare AuNPs.
Figure 2: Absorbance spectra of bare AuNPs and SA coated nanoparticles before (AuNP-SA) and after (AuNP-SA-Bi...
Figure 3: TEM micrograph and dimensional dispersion histogram (inset) of AuNP-SA-BiotinDNA.
Figure 4: Absorbance spectra (400–700 nm) of AuNP-SA-BiotinDNA (A) and AuNP-SA (B) titred with free-biotin so...
Figure 5: TEM micrographs of AuNP-SA-BiotinDNA after BiotinDNA displacement by free biotin (1.28 mM). TEM mic...
Figure 6: SPR data showing the competitive displacement of BiotinDNA by free biotin. (A) Streptavidin covalen...
Figure 7: Normalized extinction spectra (400–700 nm) of AuNPs after the non-specific adsorption of BiotinDNA ...
Figure 8: BiotinDNA displacement from AuNP-SA-BiotinDNA (●) and SA-BiotinDNA immobilized on SPR gold sensor c...
Figure 9: Extinction spectra (400–800 nm) of AuNP-SA in the presence of free biotin (1.28 mM) titrated with u...
Figure 1: Energy dependence and angular dependence of sputtering coefficients.
Figure 2: The calibration of the SnTe depositon rate as a function of the evaporator temperature.
Figure 3: Size distribution of InAs quantum dots as a function of the substrate temperature.
Figure 4: The dependence of average dimensions and surface density of InAs nanoislands on the ion current val...
Figure 5: Average dimensions and surface density of InAs nanoislands as a function of the ion energy.
Figure 6: Raman scattering spectra of samples obtained at different ion energies.
Figure 7: Doping profiles measured by C–V profiling.
Figure 8: Photoluminescence spectra of the grown InAs/GaAs structures with different levels of doping of the ...
Figure 9: Dark I–V characteristics of the different doped samples.
Figure 1: (a) SEM images of the slat section of the graphene/PMMA interface; (b) SEM image of the graphene su...
Figure 2: (a) Sketch of the setup used for bending tests; F represents the force produced by the screw S used...
Figure 3: Sketch of the setup used for the thermographic analysis of the PMMA/nanocomposite sample.
Figure 4: Sketch of the top view of the sample; A1, A2 are the (10 × 10 mm) areas on the sample monitored by ...
Figure 5: Comparison of the IRT temperature changes. The measurements were performed on various composite mat...
Figure 6: Electrical current variation due to the mechanical stress as measured on a PMMA/graphene sample.
Figure 7: Time dependence of the electrical current for PMMA/graphene. A constant voltage bias V = 5 V is app...
Figure 8: Schematic view of strain induced degenerate vibrational modes E2g shown on the left. The uniaxial s...
Figure 9: Dependence of the normalized electric resistance variation ΔR/R0 on strain ε. The bars indicate the...
Figure 1: MFM imaging of a HDD featuring PMR with magnetic domains being aligned parallel or antiparallel to ...
Figure 2: Magnetic recording medium: (a) TEM cross-section image with indication of the stack setup used for ...
Figure 3: Polarization dependence of absorptivity (λ = 785 nm): p-polarized light is 3.5–4 times better absor...
Figure 4: Influence of the DC bias field during laser illumination (λ = 532 nm, CW, P = 8 mW) on an as-is HDD...
Figure 5: (a) Free-hand writing of magnetic features at CW illumination (p-polarized, 785 nm, 12 mW), yieldin...
Figure 6: MFM phase scans and intensity profiles of “dots” laser-written at 785 nm. The laser power was kept ...
Figure 7: Power absorption per volume within the magnetic stack. (a) Cross-sectional absorption per layer of ...
Figure 8: Comsol thermal modelling of a Gaussian laser pulse (P = 40 mW; λ = 785 nm; τ = 50 ns, γ = 70°) bein...
Figure 1: (a) Waveguide-integrated CNT transducers. False-colored scanning electron image of the waveguides (...
Figure 2: (a) Normalized total intensity Inorm versus 1/V under variation of electrical pulse width, w, and d...
Figure 3: (a) Spatially resolved light emission showing intensity at the position of the CNT emitter and the ...
Figure 4: (a) WG-CNT transducer characterized by the fiber-coupled setup. (b) Comparison of electrical pulses...
Figure 1: Droplet distribution of selected emulsions of the first and second generation. Left side: appearanc...
Figure 2: Rheological characterization of selected emulsions obtained by using plate-plate rheology within a ...
Figure 3: Box-plots of the adhesion forces of both generations of emulsions. The statistical comparison of th...
Figure 4: Box-plots of the friction forces of the emulsions of both emulsion generations at speeds of 50 (whi...
Figure 1: Schematic of an array of randomly distributed vertically aligned high-aspect-ratio nanocylinders. T...
Figure 2: Schematic illustration of the geometrical model used to approximate an array of randomly distribute...
Figure 3: Top view schematic of the attenuation of a transverse flux I of molecules through the slice of a na...
Figure 4: Illustration of the equivalent pore diameter (Equation 8) and the mean transverse penetration distance calcul...
Figure 5: Schematic illustration of the angles defined above. The axis x is the direction of the transverse p...
Figure 6: Schematic illustration of the flight geometry between two subsequent collisions of the molecule wit...
Figure 7: Comparison of the diffusion coefficient introduced in this work given by Equation 26 and the one from [17] given b...
Figure 1: SEM images (20,000× magnification, scale bar 1 µm) of tAPA substrates (thickness ≈500 nm), a) as-pr...
Figure 2: Raman spectra of thiols a) in powder form (with their molecular structures); b) in flat film form, ...
Figure 3: Raman spectra of lipids in powder form on flat Au substrates, with their molecular structures.
Figure 4: Raman spectra of the thiol-SLB systems on both flat Au and tAPA–Au: a) MbA and DOTAP, b) AT and POP...
Figure 5: a,b) QCM-D measurements of shift in frequency and dissipation of a) DOTAP on MbA substrate, and b) ...
Figure 1: A scheme of a Pd-modified rod-like ZnO-based chemiresistive gas sensor.
Figure 2: XPS spectra of the chemical elements in pristine ZnO: Zn 2p and O 1s spectra, deconvoluted in two c...
Figure 3: SEM images of A) pristine and B) Pd-modified ZnO nanostructures, after thermal annealing at 550 °C....
Figure 4: A) Time response and B) calibration curves of the change of electrical resistance of chemiresistors...
Figure 5: Time response of A) pristine ZnO and B) Pd-modified ZnO, detected at with as-prepared sensors (t0) ...
Figure 6: Mean sensitivity of pristine and Pd@ZnO towards CH4, C3H8, and C4H10 gases at an operating temperat...
Figure 7: Mean sensitivity of pristine and Pd@ZnO NRs towards NO2 and C4H10 at an operating temperature of 30...
Figure 1: General scheme of SbpA protein S-layer crystal formation on a planar substrate: (left) the initial ...
Figure 2: (a) Schematic view of a Gram positive bacterium with a magnified view of the surface structure show...
Figure 3: Df plots representing the binding of SbpA onto the SCWP film. The color scales indicate the elapsed...
Figure 4: (a) Time evolution of Δf and ΔD for the injection of SbpA protein on both hydrophilic and hydrophob...
Figure 5: (a) Df plot comparing the binding of SbpA onto SCWP and hydrophobic SiO2 for the initial 10 min. (b...
Figure 6: Atomic force amplitude micrographs (700 × 700 nm2) showing the surface topography of SbpA recrystal...
Figure 1: Adsorption of ZnPc molecules on the TiO2(011)-(2×1) surface. From left to right: empty state STM im...
Figure 2: Geometrical characterization of 0.9 ML of ZnPc molecules on the TiO2(011)-(2×1) surface. (a) Illust...
Figure 3: Geometrical characterization of 1.3 ML of ZnPc molecules on a TiO2(011)-(2×1) surface after deposit...
Figure 4: The tentative structural model of the first (b) and the second (c) phases of the molecular chain ar...
Figure 5: 250 × 250 nm empty state STM images of ZnPc (a) and CuPc (b) structures formed on top of the ZnTPP ...
Figure 6: 50 × 50 nm empty state STM images of ZnPc (a) and CuPc (b) structures formed on top of the ZnTPP we...
Figure 7: TiO2(011)-(2×1) reconstructed surface. (a) 9 × 9 nm empty state STM image; scanning parameters: I =...
Figure 8: Chemical structure of the molecules used in the study (from left to right): Zn(II)meso-tetraphenylp...
Figure 1: Schematics illustrating the beneficial action of n–n heterojunctions for the sensitization of the g...
Figure 2: Comparison between XRD patterns of a) SnO2 and 90 mol % SnO2/10 mol % TiO2; b) TiO2 and 90 mol % TiO...
Figure 3: Mössbauer transmission spectra of: a) SnO2; b) 90 mol % SnO2/10 mol % TiO2; c) 90 mol % TiO2/10 mol...
Figure 4: Dynamic changes in the electrical resistance, R, of: a) 90 mol % SnO2/10 mol % TiO2 (H2 concentrati...
Figure 5: Dynamic changes in the electrical resistance, R, of: a) 90 mol % SnO2/10 mol % TiO2; b) 10 mol % SnO...
Figure 6: Dynamic changes in the electrical resistance, R, of: a) 90 mol % SnO2/10 mol % TiO2; b) 10 mol % SnO...
Figure 7: Temperature dependence of the electrical resistance in air, R0, compared with that upon interaction...
Figure 8: a) Impedance spectra of 90 mol % SnO2/10 mol % TiO2 and 90 mol % TiO2/10 mol % SnO2 at 400 °C along...
Figure 9: Log–log plot of the inverse of electrical resistance vs the hydrogen partial pressure for: a) 90 mo...
Figure 1: (a) Spectrum of sunlight and different active materials used in tandem organic solar cells. (b) The...
Figure 2: Schematic of the proposed simulation strategy for investigation and optimization of organic solar c...
Figure 3: Optical parameters and simulation results from the optical calculation module. The complex refracti...
Figure 4: (a) Morphologies generated for 1:1 P3HT (green)/PCBM (red) and (b) the dependence of the connectivi...
Figure 5: MC simulation results for P3HT/PCBM active layer with different D/A weight ratios. (a.1–5) presents...
Figure 6: MC simulation results for PCPDTBT/PCBM (1:2) active layer. (a.1–4) presents the EDE, carrier mobili...
Figure 7: One example of a J–V curve for a tandem structure constructed from J–V curves of sub-cells. Sub-cel...
Figure 8: Device performance calculated through the multiscale simulation for configuration A (a) and B (b). ...
Figure 9: (a) Presents the evolution of optimized active layer thicknesses during the search of the optimal P...
Figure 10: Optimal PCE values for different configurations and different D/A weight ratios in the P3HT/PCBM bl...
Figure 1: Ferrocene molecular structure (a) and its view as a 3D model (b).
Figure 2: Ferrocene diluted in toluene (left) and ferrocene diluted in water (right) after sonication operati...
Figure 3: Absorption spectra of ferrocene diluited in toluene or water, varying the ferrocene concentration i...
Figure 4: Image of sonicator probe Sonopuls Bandelin HD 2070 during the sonication treatment (a) and magnetic...
Figure 5: MWCNT/ferrocene mixture after adding SDS surfactant.
Figure 6: Absorption spectra of MWCNT/ferrocene soon after sonication and magnetic stirring (Sample 1), after...
Figure 7: Schematic of the experimental setup for photo-ignition tests of the MWCNT/ferrocene mixture using a...
Figure 8: Images of the experimental setup for photo-ignition tests: lateral view (a) and front view (b).
Figure 9: Typical spectra of a Xe arc lamp. The emission spectrum of the 150 W LSB521 Ozone-free Xe light sou...
Figure 10: Laser power meter, Spectra Physics, Analog 407A (a) and view of the sensor positioned at the height...
Figure 11: Light power thresholds for ignition of MWCNT/ferrocene mixtures found by varying the weight ratio.
Figure 12: Light power thresholds for ignition using filters to select specific wavelenght ranges: low (blue a...
Figure 13: Light power thresholds for ignition using band pass filters.
Figure 14: Frames extracted from videos recorded during ignition tests. The variable visible color of the inci...
Figure 15: Captured pictures of the combustion process where the MWCNT/ferrocene sample is ignited by illumina...
Figure 16: Sample images of MWCNT/ferrocene mixture (with weight ratio 1:3) positioned on the slide before (a)...
Figure 17: Chemical reactions relative to photo-induced electron and energy transfer in MWNTs–FeCp2 nanocompos...
Figure 1: Optical images for (a) sample A, (b) sample B as deposited on copper foil.
Figure 2: Raman spectrum for (a) sample A, (b) sample B on copper foil. The luminescence background from copp...
Figure 3: (a) The Rayleigh image. (b) I2D/IG ratio map. (c) FWHM map of the 2D band. (d) 2D band position map...
Figure 4: Raman mapping histograms for sample A on a SiO2/Si substrate as obtained from Raman maps of Figure 2. (a) G...
Figure 5: Raman maps of sample B on a SiO2/Si substrate acquired at a laser excitation wavelength of 473 nm. ...
Figure 6: Raman mapping histograms for sample B on a SiO2/Si substrate as obtained from Raman maps of Figure 4. (a) G...
Figure 7: Replotted histograms of sample A on SiO2/Si substrate for laser excitation wavelength of 473 nm usi...
Figure 8: Replotted histograms of sample B on a SiO2/Si substrate for a laser excitation wavelength of 473 nm...
Figure 9: High-resolution C 1s XPS spectra of samples on a SiO2/Si substrate. (a) Raw data sample A (black cr...
Figure 10: High-resolution N 1s XPS spectra of samples on SiO2/Si substrate. (a) Raw data for sample A (black ...
Figure 11: Raman spectra of sample B on SiO2/Si substrate. (a) Raman spectra of SLG (black) and double layer g...
Figure 12: The transmittance of sample B versus wavelength on a glass substrate. The vertical dashed line indi...
Figure 1: Scheme of the different parameters involved in violin performance.
Figure 2: Sound waves and Fourier analyses of samples 1 and 2 with rosin particles.
Figure 3: Sound waves and Fourier analyses of samples 1 and 2 after cleaning.
Figure 4: Images of sample 1 (a) and 2 (b) cleaned surfaces, showing geometrical differences at various scale...
Figure 5: Surface characterization of the D-string of a violin.
Figure 6: Line profile comparison between D-string (upper plots, blue line) and sample 1 (a) and 2 (b) surfac...
Figure 7: Sample 1 (a) and 2 (b) surfaces covered by rosin particles, in the same conditions employed during ...
Figure 8: Comparison between the same D-string (upper plots, blue lines) profile shown in Figure 6 and the profiles o...
Figure 1: Geometry, LDA band-structure and DOS of the different (zigzag and armchair) GNR arrays reported in ...
Figure 2: Loss properties of intrinsic graphene (a), i.e., an example of infinite-width GNR, and the undoped ...
Figure 3:
Macroscopic permittivity (, Equation 6) and EL function (ELOSS, Equation 8) at room temperature for the GNR arrays of Figure 1 ...
Figure 4: EL function of Equation 8 at room temperature for the GNR-arrays considered in the main text, e.g., 10ZGNR (a...
Figure 5: EL function of three positively doped 5AGNRs (ΔEF = 0.2 eV) separated by an in-plane vacuum distanc...
Figure 6: EL function of three negatively doped 5AGNR (ΔEF = −0.2 eV), characterized by a C–C bond length acc...
Figure 1: Plan view TEM micrographs of AuNPs electroless deposited on a Si substrate by immersion for 3 s in ...
Figure 2: Gold electroless deposition on Si(100) after an DHF pretreatment of 10 s (a) and 240 s (b); root me...
Figure 3: AFM z-scan of Si sample with AuNPs before (a) and after (b) a postdeposition bake in HF for 70 s, w...
Figure 4: Plan view TEM of Si sample with Au islands obtained with 20 s immersion in the plating solution (a)...
Figure 5: Diffraction profile of sample with AuNPs from a 20 s deposition for the grazing incidence (red, upp...
Figure 6: Au (200) peak as measured by XRD in Bragg–Brentano geometry of (a) as-deposited sample and (b) the ...
Figure 1: SEM images of a Ti film (70 nm thick) after etching for (a) 60 and (b) 150 s. Images of a Ti film (...
Figure 2: Cross-view TEM image of Ti (430-190).
Figure 3: MB degradation under UV light irradiation for five samples: MB (black squares), MB with Ti (70-60) ...
Figure 4: Transmittance (a) and reflectance (b) measurements in the range of 200–800 nm. The vertical lines m...
Figure 5: Fitting of the transmittance and reflectance spectra of Ti (430-190).
Figure 1: Schematic representation of the sample preparation steps: (a) laser irradiation of the Ti foil in o...
Figure 2: Left: Photograph of the irradiated sample. Middle: low-magnification SEM image of the surface after...
Figure 3: RBS spectra of the TiOx film and the Ti target. Arrows indicate signals coming from titanium and ox...
Figure 4: XRD spectra of the TiOx/Ti film and the Ti foil (before irradiation). The main characteristic peaks...
Figure 5: Absorbance spectra of the TiOx/Ti film in the IR, visible and UV spectral range.
Figure 6: UV discoloration of methylene blue (MB) dye in the presence of TiOx/Ti/Pt foil. The discoloration o...
Figure 1: A 60 µm thick polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane with a 400 nm period and 140 nm deep linear grat...
Figure 2: Resonance spectra with crossed polarization filters at a) 0% strain for samples with 2 wt % to 12 w...
Figure 3: The shift of the resonance wavelength for 6 different samples with particle concentrations in the d...
Figure 4: CIE values of the spectra of four different samples (2 to 8% TiO2) for strain values of 0 to 20% pe...
Figure 5: Photographs of the 6 wt % TiO2 sample at strain values of 0 to 20% taken with crossed polarization ...
Figure 6: Fabrication of the flexible photonic crystal membrane by molding and imprinting a PDMS membrane wit...
Figure 7: Cross-section of a 400 nm grating on a PDMS membrane with a particle layer created by a 6 wt % solu...
Figure 8: The measurement setup consists of a transmission light microscope with crossed polarization filters...
Figure 1: (a) Powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the synthesized cubic CdS powder along with standard JCPDS ...
Figure 2: (a) and (b) show the FT-IR and Raman spectrum, respectively, of the synthesized CdS NPs. (c) UV–vis...
Figure 3: (a) Respective X-ray diffraction patterns of the CdS-sensitized ZnO-P and ZnO-R films. (b) Diffuse ...
Figure 4: (a,b) Microstructural FESEM and TEM bright field images of synthesized ZnO-P and (c,d) ZnO-R.
Figure 5: FESEM images of the surface and the corresponding cross-sectional view of CdS NP-sensitized ZnO-P-b...
Figure 6: (a) and (b) FESEM elemental and line scale mapping of CdS-sensitized ZnO-P and ZnO-R films, respect...
Figure 7: Current density (mA/cm2)–voltage (V) curve of CdS-sensitized ZnO-P, ZnO-R and ZnO-R+P based cells. ...
Figure 8: (a) X-ray diffraction pattern of the colloidal CdS sensitized ZnO-R+P based film, (b) corresponding...
Figure 9: (a) and (b) Schematic representation of ZnO/CdS-based QDSSC cell basic operation principal and prob...
Figure 1: (a) X-ray diffraction patterns of the as-prepared Cu(OH)2 and CuO nanorods; (b) Raman spectra of th...
Figure 2: Transmission electron microscopy images for the Si nanorod at (a) low magnification (b) high magnif...
Figure 3: (a) I–V curve of the as-prepared Si film on glass substrate. (b) Nyquist plots of the Si electrode ...
Figure 4: Electrochemical performance of the Si anode. (a,b) Galvanostatic discharge–charge profiles and CV c...
Figure 5: Top view SEM images of the (a) Cu(OH)2 nanorods, (b) CuO nanorods, and (c) Si anode supported on Cu...
Figure 1: Construction of the flow cell for reflectance measurements.
Figure 2: Working principle of the sensor element: the light reflected from the surface of the film and from ...
Figure 3: Characterization of the synthesized NPs and their thin films bound with PTSA. (a) TEM images of TiO2...
Figure 4: (a) UV–vis reflectance spectra of the film exposed to different ethanol concentrations and cleaned ...
Figure 5: Left: schematic diagram of height profile measurements before and after absorption of ethanol. Righ...
Figure 6: Optical response of the TiO2 NP-based thin film towards different VOCs (i.e., dependence of the shi...
Figure 1: (a) Schematic diagram of the SERS active spot synthesis, followed by MG adsorption to the nanoparti...
Figure 2: (a) Selected SERS spectra in the time range from 100 to 510 seconds, considered from the start of t...
Figure 3: Maximum intensity of the 1178 and 1617 cm−1 MG marker bands recorded on nine different silver spots....
Figure 4: On-line SERS monitoring showing selected spectra recorded during the in situ synthesis of the gold ...
Figure 5: Schematic representation of the microfluidic SERS setup. The inset shows a picture of the glass cap...
Figure 1: Schematic representation of the four different functionalization methods explored in this work. (a)...
Figure 2: DOE experimental results for adsorption (a) and directional (b) methods. Estimation of the effect o...
Figure 3: (a) Schematic representation of model ELISA and the basis of enhancement by means of AuNP probes. (...
Figure 4: Optimization of AuNP probe concentration to be used in ELISA. Assayed concentrations: 0.25, 0.5, 0....
Figure 5: Schematic representation of gliadin detection by indirect ELISA and the basis of enhancement by mea...
Figure 1: (a) Schematic including an optical image of a MoS2 transistor with the SiO2/Si backgate and Ni/Au s...
Figure 2: Semilog scale plot (a) and linear scale plot (b) of the transfer characteristics (ID−VG) measured a...
Figure 3: (a) Semilog scale plot of the transfer characteristics (ID−VG) in the subthreshold regime at differ...
Figure 4: (a) Linear scale plot of ID (left axis) and of the transconductance gm (right axis) at VDS = 0.1 V ...
Figure 5: (a) Temperature dependence of the field effect mobility extracted from the linear region of the ID−V...
Figure 6: Output characteristics ID−VDS for different gate bias values from −56 to 0 V at different temperatu...
Figure 7: (a) On-resistance Ron vs 1/(VG−Vth,lin) at different temperatures. (b) Temperature dependence of RC....
Figure 8: (a) Output characteristics (ID−VDS) for different gate bias values from −56 to 0 V at T = 298 K. (b...
Figure 1: XRD patterns of (a) ZrO2, and (b) Pt(1%)-ZrO2.
Figure 2: Expanded XRD region between 29° and 32° to show the peak shift between (a) ZrO2 and (b) Pt(1%)-ZrO2....
Figure 3: TGA of (a) ZrO2, and (b) Pt(1%)-ZrO2.
Figure 4: TEM micrograph of (a) ZrO2 and (b) Pt(1%)-ZrO2.
Figure 5: High-resolution TEM micrograph of Pt(1%)-ZrO2.
Figure 6: UV–vis spectra of (a) ZrO2 and (b) Pt(1%)-ZrO2.
Figure 7: FTIR spectra of (a) ZrO2 and (b) Pt(1%)-ZrO2.
Figure 8: CO conversion as a function of the temperature for Pt(1%)-ZrO2 and ZrO2 (catalyst: 0.5 g, CO: 500 p...
Figure 9: Time-on-stream stability test of Pt(1%)-ZrO2 for CO conversion (catalyst: 0.5 g, CO: 500 ppm, O2: 2...
Figure 10: Effect of GHSV on CO conversion over Pt(1%)-ZrO2.
Figure 11: Influence of the initial CO concentration on the CO conversion over Pt(1%)-ZrO2.
Figure 1: XRD patterns and TEM images (inset) for (a) TiO2, (b) TiO2/SiO2, (c) TiO2/Fe2O3 and (d) TiO2/SiO2/Fe...
Figure 2: FTIR spectra of TiO2 (a), TiO2/SiO2 (b) TiO2/Fe2O3 (c) and TiO2/SiO2/Fe2O3 (d).
Figure 3: EDX spectra of S1–S4 hybrid composites recorded in cross section and mappings of titanium, silicon ...
Figure 4: XRD patterns and TEM images (inset) for (a) S1, (b) S2, (c) S3 and (d) S4 hybrids.
Figure 5: UV–vis absorption spectra of hybrid polymeric films S1–S4.
Figure 6: Changes of UV–vis absorption spectra of an aqueous phenol solution in the presence of S1 (a) and S4...
Figure 7: Changes of UV–vis absorption spectra of an aqueous phenol solution in the presence of S1 (a) and S4...
Figure 8: UV–vis absorption spectra of an aqueous hydroquinone solution in the presence of S4 film as a funct...
Figure 9: Temporal evolution of the hydroquinone concentration (a) and fitted curves for the kinetic estimati...
Figure 10: Changes of UV–vis absorption spectra of an aqueous dopamine solution in the presence of S3 as a fun...
Figure 11: Dopamine concentration and fitted curves for the kinetic estimation (inset) of dopamine photodegrad...
Figure 12: UV–vis absorption spectra of an aqueous dopamine solution before and after 250 min of visible-light...
Figure 13: Structure of the photopolymerizable urethane dimethacrylate (PTHF-UDMA).
Figure 1: (a) Principle of operation and (b) energy level diagram of a typical DSSC.
Figure 2: Photograph of mallow and henna powders.
Figure 3: (a) FTIR spectrum of mallow. (b) Scopoletin molecule.
Figure 4: (a) FTIR spectrum of henna. (b) Lawsone molecule.
Figure 5: UV–vis measurements of henna and mallow dye solutions.
Figure 6: SEM images of ZnO NRs (a) before immersion in dye, (b) cross-section view of ZnO NRs, (c) after imm...
Figure 7: SEM images of ZnO NWs (a) cross-section view of ZnO NWs (b) before immersion in dye and (c) after i...
Figure 8: (a) SEM images of ZnO NWs after the deposition of the TiO2 layer by sputtering. (b) Energy level di...
Figure 9: The ZnO NR absorbance measurements, as deposited in forming gas and in nitrogen for 45 minutes and ...
Figure 10: The ZnO NR absorbance measurements before and after immersion in dye for 23 h, in the first concent...
Figure 11: Current–voltage measurements (a) assembled cells with ZnO NWs as a layer in the photoanode side wit...
Figure 1: AFM height images of the COOH-SAM (a) and the PEL (b).
Figure 2: AFM topography images of the ZnO films deposited onto COOH-terminated SAM (a) and PEL (d) after 3 d...
Figure 3: X-ray diffractograms of ZnO films deposited on carboxylate-SAM (black) and PEL (grey). The enhanced...
Figure 4: PFM amplitude 1 images obtained by applying voltages of 2 to 10 V of the deposited films on COOH-SA...
Figure 5: Cross-sections of the amplitude 1 images taken at 10 V for ZnO films deposited on COOH-SAM (black) ...
Figure 6: Quantitative analysis of the piezoelectric responses of ZnO films deposited on carboxylate-SAM (a) ...