Synthesis and anti-cancer activity of naphthalimide–organylselanyl conjugates

• Rajkumar Ravi and
• Selvakumar Karuthapandi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 416–435, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.29

• derivatives, N-(n-octyl) substitution at the 6-position exhibits a more pronounced effect as compared to octyl substitutions linked to the imide nitrogen of the naphthalimide ring [44]. Furthermore, comparative studies between sulfur- and selenium-containing naphthalimide analogues revealed that the selenium

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,5-diaryloxazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-ylamines as selective cytotoxic agents against HeLa cells

• Maryna V. Kachaeva,
• Agnieszka B. Olejniczak,
• Marta Denel-Bobrowska,
• Victor V. Zhirnov,
• Yevheniia S. Velihina,
• Stepan G. Pilyo and
• Volodymyr S. Brovarets

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 390–398, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.27

• -mimicking scaffolds are a proven strategy in the design of anticancer drugs. Many cancer-related proteins (e.g., kinases, ATPases, DNA/RNA polymerases) have binding pockets designed for purine nucleotides (ATP, GTP). Oxazolopyrimidines can compete with purines or their analogues, inhibiting enzymatic

Electrosynthetic access to unsymmetrical oxaza[8]helicenes with high chiral stability and strong circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)

• Tin Zar Aye,
• Rubal Sharma,
• Muthu Karuppasamy,
• Daiya Suzuki,
• Haruka Nakajima,
• Yoshitane Imai,
• Mitsuhiro Arisawa,
• Mohamed S. H. Salem and
• Shinobu Takizawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.25

• ) relative to their oxaza[7]helicene analogues (<25 kcal/mol). After chiral HPLC separation, the enantiomers display mirror-image CD and strong solution CPL, with |glum| up to 2.6 × 10−3 and fluorescence brightness up to 30.75 M−1 cm−1. Keywords: chemoselectivity; chiroptical; circular dichroism

• shortest route reported to any unsymmetrical hetero[8]helicene. We then investigated the structural, photophysical and chiroptical properties of these new oxaza[8]helicenes and benchmarked their behavior against their corresponding oxaza[7]helicene analogues. Results and Discussion Electrosynthesis of

• progressive increase in aromaticity upon helical elongation compared with the corresponding oxaza[7] analogues (see Supporting Information File 1) [49], as evidenced by NICS(1)zz values of −26.97 and −21.17 for rings E and H in 5a, and −28.86 and −31.74 for rings E′ and H′ in 5b. This enhancement can be

Arene activation via π-bond localization: concepts and opportunities

• Paul Meiners,
• Julian J. Melder and
• Tobias Morack

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 257–273, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.19

• ) systems [56][57][58]. Beyond the conceptual advance, the Mo(0) manifold offers practical benefits in terms of scalability and recyclability [59]. However, the preparation of enantioenriched η2-arene complexes presented unique challenges. In contrast to the Re(I) and W(0) analogues, where resolution of the

• transformation of allyl chloride-substituted naphthalenes and phenanthrenes in the selective coupling with allylstannanes to deliver the corresponding ortho-allylated products [84]. Subsequently, Bao and co-workers extended this concept to encompass allenylstannanes, thereby accessing the propargylated analogues

A mild and atom-efficient four-component cascade strategy for the construction of biologically relevant 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives

• Dmitrii A. Grishin,
• Kseniia I. Sharkovskaia,
• Ilya G. Kolmakov,
• Daria A. Ipatova,
• Rostislav A. Petrov,
• Nikolai D. Dagaev,
• Dmitry A. Skvortsov,
• Maria G. Khrenova,
• Valeriy V. Andreychev,
• Sergei A. Evteev,
• Yan A. Ivanenkov,
• Roman L. Antipin,
• Olga А. Dontsova and
• Elena K. Beloglazkina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 244–256, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.18

• conditions. Subsequent transformations afford isopropyl and cyclohexyl analogues via hydrolysis–esterification. A preliminary biological evaluation revealed low cytotoxicity and modest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ΔtolC strains. This sustainable synthetic approach constitutes the first

Configuration–packing synergy enabling integrated crystalline-state RTP and amorphous-state TADF

• Ruiyan Wang and
• Yunan Wu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 224–236, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.16

• intermolecular interactions strongly influence the balance between charge-transfer character and local excited states, and thus the propensity for TADF or RTP [37][38][39]. In comparison with representative reported phthalimides–carbazole analogues that primarily focus on TADF performance in amorphous/doped

A new synthesis of Tyrian purple (6,6’-dibromoindigo) and its corresponding sulfonate salts

• Holly Helmers,
• Mark Horton,
• Julie Concepcion,
• Jeffrey Bjorklund and
• Nicholas C. Boaz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 167–174, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.10

• similar analogues, using 3 as a key intermediate. Furthermore, we were interested in producing a water-soluble derivative of 1, much like indigo carmine was developed as a water-soluble derivative of indigo. Several syntheses of 3 have been reported, but the most common method involves the selective

Asymmetric Mannich reaction of aromatic imines with malonates in the presence of multifunctional catalysts

• Kadri Kriis,
• Harry Martõnov,
• Annette Miller,
• Mia Peterson,
• Ivar Järving and
• Tõnis Kanger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 151–157, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.8

• between the catalyst and the reagents. The chirality of the catalysts is derived from either amino acid or amino alcohols (including cinchona alkaloid derivatives). There are three exceptional structures: catalysts A-H and E-H, which are the hydrogen analogues of the corresponding iodine-containing

Highly electrophilic, gem- and spiro-activated trichloromethylnitrocyclopropanes: synthesis and structure

• Ilia A. Pilipenko,
• Mikhail V. Grigoriev,
• Olga Yu. Ozerova,
• Igor A. Litvinov,
• Darya V. Spiridonova,
• Aleksander V. Vasilyev and
• Sergey V. Makarenko

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 123–130, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.5

• –acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs), the chemistry of which has been studied particularly intensively in recent years [27][28][29][30]. It is worth noting that vicinal trichloromethylnitrocyclopropanes have not been previously described. Their analogues, vic-trifluoromethylnitrocyclopropanes, have been obtained

Total synthesis of natural products based on hydrogenation of aromatic rings

• Haoxiang Wu and
• Xiangbing Qi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 88–122, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.4

Reactivity umpolung of the cycloheptatriene core in hexa(methoxycarbonyl)cycloheptatriene

• Dmitry N. Platonov,
• Alexander Yu. Belyy,
• Rinat F. Salikov,
• Kirill S. Erokhin and
• Yury V. Tomilov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 64–70, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.2

• norcaradiene product in the case of benzylation, unlike in the close analogues, is due to a steric repulsion. The structure of norcaradiene 6f was confirmed through single crystal X-ray analysis (CCDC 2495985). Allylation of anion 2 was followed by intramolecular [4 + 2]-cycloaddition in norcaradiene 6g to

Synthesis and applications of alkenyl chlorides (vinyl chlorides): a review

• Daniel S. Müller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1–63, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.1

• important and versatile functional group. Keywords: alkenyl chloride; chloroalkenes; chloro olefins; vinyl chlorides; Introduction Alkenyl chlorides, while less extensively investigated than their brominated analogues, constitute a synthetically valuable class of organohalides with distinct reactivity

Competitive cyclization of ethyl trifluoroacetoacetate and methyl ketones with 1,3-diamino-2-propanol into hydrogenated oxazolo- and pyrimido-condensed pyridones

• Svetlana O. Kushch,
• Marina V. Goryaeva,
• Yanina V. Burgart,
• Marina A. Ezhikova,
• Mikhail I. Kodess,
• Pavel A. Slepukhin,
• Alexandrina S. Volobueva,
• Vladimir V. Zarubaev and
• Victor I. Saloutin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2716–2729, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.209

• -aminoazoles into the Biginelli reaction allows azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] to be synthesized, in general, the range of products obtained in these syntheses is predictable and limited. Ethyl trifluoroacetoacetate and its polyfluoroalkyl-containing analogues are also used widely as

• , respectively. The introduction of cycloketones has resulted in the same types of heterocyclic systems, yet they are now carboannelated, which are synthetic analogues of alkaloids [26]. Moreover, it has been shown that acetaldehyde is capable of reacting in a similar manner with ethyl trifluoroacetoacetate and

• in the piperidone ring shows upfield shifts (δF 79.50–79.61 ppm) compared with the cis-analogues 4a–dcc, 4a–dct (δF 79.92–80.09 ppm). The configurations of diastereomers 5ctc and 5ctt were established using XRD (Figure 3). Figure 5 shows a fragment of the 1H NMR spectra of hexahydrooxazolo[3,2-a

Synthesis of new tetra- and pentacyclic, methylenedioxy- and ethylenedioxy-substituted derivatives of the dibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine ring system

• Gábor Berecz,
• András Dancsó,
• Mária Tóthné Lauritz,
• Loránd Kiss,
• Gyula Simig and
• Balázs Volk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2645–2656, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.205

• , respectively (Scheme 2). The structure of compounds 20e and 21g was also confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (Figure 3). We demonstrated the potential utility of the synthesized new ring systems in the field of medicinal chemistry by the synthesis of tetracyclic analogues 20b and 21b of tianeptine

• analogues 20b and 21b. Conditions: 20b: NaOH, EtOH/H2O, rt, 25 h, 80%; 21b: NaOH, EtOH/H2O, rt, 19 h, 73%. Synthesis of tetracyclic ethers 23 and thioether 24. Conditions: i) ROH, MeCN, rt, 2–3 h, 38–84%; ii) 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanethiol, MeCN, rt, 1 h, 72%. Synthesis of pentacyclic compounds 25–27

Silica gel with covalently attached bambusuril macrocycle for dicyanoaurate sorption from water

• Michaela Šusterová and
• Vladimír Šindelář

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2604–2611, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.201

• leading not only to improved extraction effectivity but also to enhanced selectivity [2]. Anion extractants based on functionalized polystyrene or silica gel typically incorporate calixarenes [6] and their analogues, calixpyrroles [7][8], azacalixarene derivatives [9], or expanded porphyrin-like sapphyrin

Visible-light-driven NHC and organophotoredox dual catalysis for the synthesis of carbonyl compounds

• Vasudevan Dhayalan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2584–2603, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.200

• asymmetric reactions and are functional transformations in synthetic organic chemistry. Especially, 1,2,3-triazole-based NHCs are generally more reactive and stronger σ-donors than imidazole or thiazole analogues. Triazolium NHC enhances their ability to stabilize reactive radical intermediates or acyl anion

Total syntheses of highly oxidative Ryania diterpenoids facilitated by innovations in synthetic strategies

• Zhi-Qi Cao,
• Jin-Bao Qiao and
• Yu-Ming Zhao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2553–2570, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.198

• platform for synthesizing other family members and their structural analogues. The synthetic sequence commenced with common intermediate 103 as the starting material. Stereoselective reduction of 103 yielded compound 111 as a single diastereomer. Systematic optimization of reaction conditions revealed that

Rapid access to the core of malayamycin A by intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition

• Yilin Liu,
• Yuchen Yang,
• Chen Yang,
• Sha-Hua Huang,
• Jian Jin and
• Ran Hong

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2542–2547, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.196

• synthesis and structural determination of malaymycin A (1) as well as the subsequent design of structural analogues for biological evaluation [16][17][18][19][20]. Preliminary structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that fungicidal activity is highly dependent on the nature and

Assembly strategy for thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes via a disulfide intermediate derived from 3-nitrothiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate

• Roman A. Irgashev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2489–2497, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.191

• cyclization to furnish the TT framework [2][23][24]. Despite the wide structural diversity of TT derivatives, 3-hydroxy-substituted analogues remain rare, with only a few synthetic strategies described for their preparation, as illustrated in Scheme 1. One such route involves sulfur insertion into a thiophen

Transformation of the cyclohexane ring to the cyclopentane fragment of biologically active compounds

• Natalya Akhmetdinova,
• Ilgiz Biktagirov and
• Liliya Kh. Faizullina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2416–2446, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.185

• in a stable aldehyde 23. This aldehyde is a product of intramolecular aldol–croton condensation and can be used in the synthesis of bartsioside (24) or its analogues [21][22] (Scheme 4). The authors [19] performed similar oxidative transformations with Diels–Alder adduct 25 obtained from LG and

• obtaining medically interesting dactylicapnosine-like analogues for detailed study of their biological activity. Matoba et al. [45] reported the first enantioselective synthesis of the hasubanane alkaloid (−)-metaphanine (70) and the norhasubanane alkaloid (+)-stephadiamine (71) using a cyclohexane ring

• rearrangement to lupane derivatives containing the betulin framework. This reaction was induced by a number of catalysts, including hydrogen chloride, montmorillonite K10, and boron trifluoride etherate. As a result, promising derivatives for the synthesis of ceanothic acid analogues were obtained [106][107

The high potential of methyl laurate as a recyclable competitor to conventional toxic solvents in [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions

• Ayhan Yıldırım and
• Mustafa Göker

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2389–2415, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.184

• using N-methyl,C-phenylnitrone and N-methylmaleimide [110]. Furthermore, although mono- and bifunctional N-methylnitrones exhibit higher cycloaddition reaction rates than their N-phenyl analogues, their impact on selectivity is diminished [111]. It is well established that nitrones prepared from

Halogenated butyrolactones from the biomass-derived synthon levoglucosenone

• Johannes Puschnig,
• Martyn Jevric and
• Ben W. Greatrex

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2297–2301, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.175

• Johannes Puschnig Martyn Jevric Ben W. Greatrex Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia 10.3762/bjoc.21.175 Abstract Halogenated butyrolactones are found in a variety of bioactive materials and used for the construction of nucleoside analogues

• influenza [7], while chlorinated analogues such as 3 have demonstrated activity against hepatitis C (Figure 1) [8]. Stereoselective methods to access halogenated γ-butyrolactones are therefore valuable, as they enable access to nucleoside analogues which have applications in treating cancer and certain

Pathway economy in cyclization of 1,n-enynes

• Hezhen Han,
• Wenjie Mao,
• Bin Lin,
• Maosheng Cheng,
• Lu Yang and
• Yongxiang Liu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2260–2282, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.173

• cyclopropanation of 1,6-enyne initiated a cascade involving 1,5-enyne addition, consecutive 1,2-alkyl migrations, and Friedel–Crafts alkylation, efficiently constructing the pentacyclic fused benzofuran framework 21 (Scheme 5, path b). Above two analogues were prepared on a gram scale, converted into valuable

Research towards selective inhibition of the CLK3 kinase

• Vinay Kumar Singh,
• Frédéric Justaud,
• Dabbugoddu Brahmaiah,
• Nangunoori Sampath Kumar,
• Blandine Baratte,
• Thomas Robert,
• Stéphane Bach,
• Chada Raji Reddy,
• Nicolas Levoin and
• René L. Grée

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2250–2259, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.172

• ]. Results and Discussion Chemical syntheses The synthetic strategy is very similar to the one previously developed for the preparation of DB18 and designed analogues (Scheme 1) [23][24]. It starts from known quinazoline 1 which, on Buchwald–Hartwig-type reaction with 3-bromoaniline (2a), gave

• also evidenced by the better affinity for DYRK1A of the acidic molecules as compared to their ester analogues. Therefore, this new interaction could explain the higher affinity of VS-77 toward Hs_DYRK1A, as compared to DB-18. Conclusion In the present work, we disclosed a new strategy to improve the

Pd-catalyzed dehydrogenative arylation of arylhydrazines to access non-symmetric azobenzenes, including tetra-ortho derivatives

• Loris Geminiani,
• Kathrin Junge,
• Matthias Beller and
• Jean-François Soulé

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2234–2242, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.170

• Paris, France 10.3762/bjoc.21.170 Abstract Azobenzenes are photoresponsive compounds widely used in molecular switches, light-controlled materials, and sensors, but despite extensive studies on symmetric derivatives, efficient methods for synthesizing non-symmetric analogues remain scarce due to