The synthesis of well-defined poly(vinylbenzyl chloride)-grafted nanoparticles via RAFT polymerization

• John Moraes,
• Kohji Ohno,
• Guillaume Gody,
• Thomas Maschmeyer and
• Sébastien Perrier

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1226–1234, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.139

• polymerization (ATRP) [30][31]. It has, therefore, been used in a variety of systems as a precursor to glycopolymer stars [29], photo- and pH-responsive nanoparticles [30], nanofibres [28], comb, graft and star polymers [27], and triblock copolymers [26]. While there have been reports of the (co)polymerization

Substituent effect on the energy barrier for σ-bond formation from π-single-bonded species, singlet 2,2-dialkoxycyclopentane-1,3-diyls

• Jianhuai Ye,
• Yoshihisa Fujiwara and
• Manabu Abe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 925–933, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.106

• compounds 1–5, AZc–g, and CPc–g. Acknowledgements NMR and MS measurements were performed at N-BARD, Hiroshima University. This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Science Research on Innovative Areas “Stimuli-responsive Chemical Species” (No. 24109008), “pi-Space” (No. 21108516), and No. 19350021 from

A peptidic hydrogel that may behave as a “Trojan Horse”

• Nicola Castellucci,
• Giorgio Sartor,
• Natalia Calonghi,
• Carola Parolin,
• Giuseppe Falini and
• Claudia Tomasini

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 417–424, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.44

• cytotoxic. This research represents the first step in the production of a LWMHGs family that is (i) responsive to external stimuli, (ii) nontoxic and able to be internalized by cells, and (iii) easy to functionalize to be aimed toward different substrates. Thus, this may represent a new tool for the

Cyclodextrin-induced host–guest effects of classically prepared poly(NIPAM) bearing azo-dye end groups

• Gero Maatz,
• Arkadius Maciollek and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1929–1935, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.224

• Gero Maatz Arkadius Maciollek Helmut Ritter Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstraße 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany 10.3762/bjoc.8.224 Abstract A thermo-, pH- and cyclodextrin- (CD) responsive poly(N

• ]. Several reports are available on the preparation and properties of thermally responsive polyacrylamides containing azobenzene or stilbene dyes in the side chain [3][14]. Furthermore, the interaction of dye-containing polymers with CD in water is of some interest, because of their external, light-induced

• formation of a thermo- and pH-responsive polymer bearing an azo dye at the end group. In a first step, a chain-transfer polymerization (CTP) of N-isopropylacrylamide (1) was carried out in the presence of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (2) and with 4,4’-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) as initiator, to achieve a high

Self-assembled organic–inorganic magnetic hybrid adsorbent ferrite based on cyclodextrin nanoparticles

• Ângelo M. L. Denadai,
• Frederico B. De Sousa,
• Joel J. Passos,
• Fernando C. Guatimosim,
• Kirla D. Barbosa,
• Ana E. Burgos,
• Fernando Castro de Oliveira,
• Jeann C. da Silva,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• Nelcy D. S. Mohallem and
• Rubén D. Sinisterra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1867–1876, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.215

• (CDs) can be associated with the inorganic matrix as an interesting strategy, since these macromolecules have been used for several devices with different properties, from light-responsive matrices to molecular recognition materials [12][13]. CDs are oligosaccharides commonly formed by six, seven or

Mannose-decorated cyclodextrin vesicles: The interplay of multivalency and surface density in lectin–carbohydrate recognition

• Ulrike Kauscher and
• Bart Jan Ravoo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1543–1551, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.175

• surface of the cell, which serves as a responsive interface with its environment and also serves as a natural protective shield. The glycocalyx consists of various numbers and arrangements of polysaccharides and is found in eukaryotic as well as in prokaryotic cells. A well-known example of the pivotal

Interaction of cyclodextrins with pyrene-modified polyacrylamide in a mixed solvent of water and dimethyl sulfoxide as studied by steady-state fluorescence

• Akihito Hashidzume,
• Yongtai Zheng and
• Akira Harada

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1312–1317, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.150

• systems are applicable to stimuli-responsive systems [13][14][15][16][17][18]. We have been working on the interaction of CDs with water-soluble polymers bearing various guest residues, including linear, branched, and cyclic aliphatics, as well as aromatics [19][20][21], and realized stimuli-responsive

Recent advances towards azobenzene-based light-driven real-time information-transmitting materials

• Jaume García-Amorós and
• Dolores Velasco

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1003–1017, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.113

• hand, the use of light and electricity means that not only the switching of the probe but also the monitoring of the operation can be performed simultaneously. Furthermore, these two external input energies are the easiest to use in macroscopic device engineering. Specifically, light-responsive

Low-generation dendrimers with a calixarene core and based on a chiral C₂-symmetric pyrrolidine as iminosugar mimics

• Marco Marradi,
• Stefano Cicchi,
• Francesco Sansone,
• Alessandro Casnati and
• Andrea Goti

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 951–957, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.107

• with more complex and/or biologically relevant iminosugars. Keywords: calixarenes; cation-responsive system; dendrimers; iminosugars; multivalency; Introduction Polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines are one of the main classes of naturally occurring sugar mimics [1][2] and belong to the so-called iminosugars

Synthesis of fluorinated maltose derivatives for monitoring protein interaction by ¹⁹F NMR

• Michaela Braitsch,
• Hanspeter Kählig,
• Georg Kontaxis,
• Michael Fischer,
• Toshinari Kawada,
• Robert Konrat and
• Walther Schmid

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 448–455, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.51

• a magnetogyric ratio comparable to 1H is highly sensitive and, due to its large chemical shift anisotropy (CSA), very responsive to changes of molecular weight that accompany the binding events. We thus anticipate 19F detection to be a general and versatile probe for indirect NMR studies of protein

Liquid-crystalline nanoparticles: Hybrid design and mesophase structures

• Gareth L. Nealon,
• Romain Greget,
• Cristina Dominguez,
• Zsuzsanna T. Nagy,
• Daniel Guillon,
• Jean-Louis Gallani and
• Bertrand Donnio

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 349–370, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.39

• factors, such as applied magnetic and electric fields and surface effects, all of which lend these materials towards their use in stimuli-responsive advanced materials [24]. What follows is a brief introduction to some of the salient points in LC science, but a thorough introduction to the theory and

Fifty years of oxacalix[3]arenes: A review

• Kevin Cottet,
• Paula M. Marcos and
• Peter J. Cragg

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 201–226, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.22

The interplay of configuration and conformation in helical perylenequinones: Insights from chirality induction in liquid crystals and calculations

• Elisa Frezza,
• Silvia Pieraccini,
• Stefania Mazzini,
• Alberta Ferrarini and
• Gian Piero Spada

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 155–163, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.16

• Programme (PRIN 2009, grant 2009N5JH4F_002 “Stimuli responsive liquid crystalline phases and supramolecular systems”). Computational resources and assistance were provided by the “Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Chimica Computazionale” (LICC) at the Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche of the University of

Chiral recognition of ephedrine: Hydrophilic polymers bearing β-cyclodextrin moieties as chiral sensitive host molecules

• Sabrina Gingter and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1516–1519, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.177

• ; stimuli-responsive polymer; Findings Chiral recognition is an important topic in medical and pharmaceutical applications. The sheer number of publications dealing with chiral and molecular recognition systems underlines the importance of finding reliable recognition systems [1][2][3][4][5]. Particularly

Ratiometric fluorescent probe for enantioselective detection of D-cysteine in aqueous solution

• Xiao-bo Zhou,
• Wing-Hong Chan,
• Albert W. M. Lee and
• Chi-Chung Yeung

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1508–1515, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.176

• solutions. Interestingly, the probe is only slightly responsive to Hcy and GSH. Results and Discussion N-Alkylation of trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane with a pair of 9-carboxamidoquinoline moieties through methylene linkers afforded multifunctionalized ACAQ (Figure 2). Bearing six metal ligating sites, ACAQ

• enantioselective detection of D-Cys was described. Among all amino acids that were investigated, only Cys and Hcy were responsive to the probe. Significantly, the probe not only demonstrated its outstanding discriminative power on Cys over Hcy and GSH in 99% aqueous buffered solution, but it also exhibited modest

Hyperbranched polyethylenimine bearing cyclodextrin moieties showing temperature and pH controlled dye release

• Indra Böhm,
• Susanne Katharina Kreth and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1130–1134, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.130

• : anthraquinone; cyclodextrin; drug delivery; polyethylenimine; release; Introduction The development of novel materials and their use as drug delivery systems has gained increased interest in the last few decades [1][2][3]. In this context, certain stimuli responsive behaviors are required [4][5]. Hence, the

Synthesis and self-assembly of 1-deoxyglucose derivatives as low molecular weight organogelators

• Guijun Wang,
• Hao Yang,
• Sherwin Cheuk and
• Sherman Coleman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 234–242, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.31

• polymerized diacetylene gels were dark blue with long wavelengths absorptions, these compounds may be useful as advanced stimuli responsive materials. Experimental General methods and materials Materials and instrumentation. General chemicals and reagents were purchased from Aldrich, or VWR. The diacetylene

pH-Responsive chromogenic-sensing molecule based on bis(indolyl)methene for the highly selective recognition of aspartate and glutamate

• Litao Wang,
• Xiaoming He,
• Yong Guo,
• Jian Xu and
• Shijun Shao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 218–221, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.29

• receptor and guest. However, the basic H-bond acceptor moiety of 1 is very sensitive to changes of pH. Herein, we report a pH-responsive chromogenic-sensing molecule 1 that shows high selectivity for Asp and Glu in a mixed acetonitrile/water medium. Results and Discussion The synthesis of 1 was according

• pH-responsive colorimetric sensor for amino acids, the receptor shows high selectivity and sensitivity for Asp and Glu. Structure of sensor 1. Changes in UV–vis spectra of 1 (5.0 × 10−5 M) after addition of: (a) 0–0.10 mL H2O; (b) various ratios of the CH3CN/H2O (fixed volume is 4 mL). pH-dependent

Chiral recognition of macromolecules with cyclodextrins: pH- and thermosensitive copolymers from N-isopropylacrylamide and N-acryloyl-D/L-phenylalanine and their inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins

• Sabrina Gingter,
• Ella Bezdushna and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 204–209, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.27

• soluble stimuli-responsive polymers bearing phenylalanine moieties via host-guest interaction with β-cyclodextrin and randomly-methylated-β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB-CD). We synthesised N-acryloyl-D/L-phenylalanine monomers (2D, 2L) which were then copolymerised under free radical conditions with N

• of the side groups of copolymers 3D and 3L and their solubility behaviour were investigated by dynamic light scattering and 2D NMR spectroscopy, respectively. Keywords: amino acid; chiral recognition; cyclodextrins; LCST; stimuli-responsive polymers; Introduction Chiral recognition has attracted

Miniemulsion polymerization as a versatile tool for the synthesis of functionalized polymers

• Daniel Crespy and
• Katharina Landfester

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1132–1148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.130

• inverse minemulsion [23]. The non-reacted vinyl groups, detected by NMR spectroscopy, could be subsequently further crosslinked. The syntheses of temperature-responsive microgels in inverse miniemulsion have also been reported [24]. N-isopropylacrylamide and methacrylic acid were polymerized in the

Towards racemizable chiral organogelators

• Jian Bin Lin,
• Debarshi Dasgupta,
• Seda Cantekin and
• Albertus P. H. J. Schenning

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 960–965, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.107

• building blocks with co-added organizational information can make these gels responsive. In recent years, much effort has been devoted to the design and characterization of chiral self-assembled fibrillar networks that form organogels [1][2]. In such systems the chirality within a molecular building block

• macroscopic behavior. Most of the earliest stimuli-responsive gels undergo a UV-induced transformation, which can be reversed by visible light. For example, Shinkai and coworkers demonstrated that trans-cis isomerization of gelator compounds by UV/visible light could induce a gel-sol transition [6]. Feringa

• organogelators. Remarkably, our pure enantiomeric gelator could not be racemized in the gel phase, while racemization takes place in the self-assembled fiber state. We are currently studying this class of organogelator for the creation of responsive gels and attrition-enhanced solid-phase enantioenrichment

Hybrid biofunctional nanostructures as stimuli-responsive catalytic systems

• Gernot U. Marten,
• Thorsten Gelbrich and
• Annette M. Schmidt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 922–931, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.98

• and magnetic fields. Such dual responsive materials are of interest for a variety of applications ranging from magnetic separation or drug release systems to sensors and actuation [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. We, and other groups, have demonstrated that magnetite nanoparticles decorated with a

Novel multi-responsive P2VP-block-PNIPAAm block copolymers via nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization

• Cathrin Corten,
• Katja Kretschmer and
• Dirk Kuckling

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.89

• Cathrin Corten Katja Kretschmer Dirk Kuckling Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany Department Chemie, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany 10.3762/bjoc.6.89 Abstract Linear soluble multi-responsive

• calorimetry (DSC). Block copolymers showed pH- and temperature-responsive solubility in aqueous media. By increasing the P2VP content, the phase transition temperature shifted to lower temperatures (e.g. 26 °C for P2VP114-block-PNIPAAm180). Depending on the resulting block length, temperature and pH value of

• delivery systems. Keywords: block copolymers; N-isopropylacrylamide; nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization; stimuli-responsive polymers; 2-vinylpyridine; Introduction Functional polymers have attracted much attention because of their technological and scientific importance. Polymers, which respond

Functionalized polymers: synthesis and properties

• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 55, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.55

• fillings, wound dressings, bone cements or hollow fibers for dialysis. Typical examples of such materials include hydrogels and stimulus-responsive polymers which are also the basis of ophthalmic surgery. Thus, our aim in this Thematic Series is to bring together a broad spectrum of reports in the field of

Molecular recognition of organic ammonium ions in solution using synthetic receptors

• Andreas Späth and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 32, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.32

• bonds [5]. Once it has bound to these particular peptides, they are no longer available for construction of the bacteria’s cell wall causing their cell death. Malfunction of dopamine-responsive neurons has been implicated in a number of disease conditions including Parkinson’s disease [6]. The