Recent advances on organic blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)

• Thanh-Tuân Bui,
• Fabrice Goubard,
• Malika Ibrahim-Ouali,
• Didier Gigmes and
• Frédéric Dumur

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 282–308, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.18

• to the National Television Standards Committee standard (NTSC) blue values of (0.14, 0.08) [36]. Upon ortho-substitution of the dimesitylphenylboron acceptor with a carbazole, a mutual steric hindrance could be exerted between the donor and the acceptor resulting in the large dihedral angle of 72.6

Volatiles from the tropical ascomycete Daldinia clavata (Hypoxylaceae, Xylariales)

• Tao Wang,
• Kathrin I. Mohr,
• Marc Stadler and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 135–147, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.9

• , because its erection did not follow good taxonomic standards [14]. The only comparative study available on the production of volatiles that used taxonomically well-characterised Xylariales relied on a panel of strains of the genera Daldinia and Hypoxylon and some allied genera that were previously

• indices, including 4-methylhexan-3-one (6), oct-1-en-3-ol (1), octan-3-one (7), 1-phenylethanol (8), and pogostol (16), which was further confirmed by comparison to authentic standards for 1, 7 and 8 (Table 1 and Scheme 2). Furthermore, the two structurally and biosynthetically related compounds 2-methyl

• to an authentic standard and to synthetic standards of all possible positional isomers. These isomers have been made accessible during our previous work that resulted in the identification of 1,5-dichloro-2,3-dimethoxybenzene as a headspace constituent of an endophytic Geniculosporium sp. [35]. The

Synthesis of ergostane-type brassinosteroids with modifications in ring A

• Vladimir N. Zhabinskii,
• Darya A. Osiyuk,
• Yuri V. Ermolovich,
• Natalia M. Chaschina,
• Tatsiana S. Dalidovich,
• Miroslav Strnad and
• Vladimir A. Khripach

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2326–2331, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.229

• as standards for identification purposes. Typically, such syntheses were carried out by sequential introduction of functional groups into the starting molecule leading to more complex products [3]. This is a suitable approach for the preparation of one or a limited number of BS, but it rapidly

Diosgenyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranoside: synthesis, derivatives and antimicrobial activity

• Henryk Myszka,
• Patrycja Sokołowska,
• Agnieszka Cieślińska,
• Andrzej Nowacki,
• Maciej Jaśkiewicz,
• Wojciech Kamysz and
• Beata Liberek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2310–2315, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.227

• according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations (for details see Supporting Information File 1). The MICs values are grouped in Table 1 and Table 2. The presented results indicate that some of the tested saponins are characterized by selective activity. Thus, the

The chemistry and biology of mycolactones

• Matthias Gehringer and
• Karl-Heinz Altmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1596–1660, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.159

• remain unreported, since only 15 countries regularly report data to the WHO [3]. In addition, infections might often remain unrecognized, due to poor healthcare standards in most of the affected countries [12]. The first suspected case of a M. ulcerans infection was reported in the early 1860s by Captain

Kinetic analysis of mechanoradical formation during the mechanolysis of dextran and glycogen

• Naoki Doi,
• Yasushi Sasai,
• Yukinori Yamauchi,
• Tetsuo Adachi,
• Masayuki Kuzuya and
• Shin-ichi Kondo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1174–1183, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.116

• Instruments Chromato-PRO, Runtime Instruments Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The following conditions were applied: elution solvent, distilled water containing 0.05 wt/vol % NaCl; flow rate, 0.7 mL/min; column temperature, 40 °C. Calibration was carried out with pullulan standards (peak top molecular weight [Mpeak

Expression, purification and structural analysis of functional GABA transporter 1 using the baculovirus expression system

• Jing Hu,
• Chris Weise,
• Christoph Böttcher,
• Hua Fan and
• Jian Yin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 874–882, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.88

• molecular weight of approximately 70 kDa, and the overlapping peak 2 (14.7 mL) corresponds to a molecular weight of 45 kDa, which was determined by comparison with the protein standards (Figure 4B). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis Cryogenic TEM (cryo-TEM) was employed to analyze both peaks

• equilibrium buffer at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The molecular weight of the obtained protein was determined based on the elution profile of proteins standards obtained under the same buffer conditions. TEM analysis Negative staining preparation Sample droplets (5 μL) of the sample were placed onto

Cyclodextrins tethered with oligolactides – green synthesis and structural assessment

• Cristian Peptu,
• Mihaela Balan-Porcarasu,
• Alena Šišková,
• Ľudovít Škultéty and
• Jaroslav Mosnáček

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 779–792, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.77

• precolumn and three PPS PFG columns (d = 8 mm, l = 300 mm) filled with particles with a size of 7 μm and pore sizes of 100, 300 and 1000 Å, respectively. 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol was used as an eluent. Poly(methyl methacrylate) standards were used for the internal calibration. Methods Bulk polymerization of L

Fluorescent carbon dots from mono- and polysaccharides: synthesis, properties and applications

• Stephen Hill and
• M. Carmen Galan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 675–693, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.67

• . Environmental Protection Agency standards. Having shown that chemical doping with heteroatoms within the CD synthesis can lead to materials with improved PL and physicochemical properties, this has encouraged research groups to focus their efforts to study the effect of using different heteroatoms

Contribution of microreactor technology and flow chemistry to the development of green and sustainable synthesis

• Flavio Fanelli,
• Giovanna Parisi,
• Leonardo Degennaro and
• Renzo Luisi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 520–542, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.51

• hydrochloride. Remarkably, for future applications of the platform, the produced medicines also met the U.S. Pharmacopeia standards. The future use of this kind of platform would concern the “on-demand” production or the “instantaneous” production of short-lived pharmaceuticals (Figure 4). Other advantageous

Polyketide stereocontrol: a study in chemical biology

• Kira J. Weissman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 348–371, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.39

• group because it mimics the terminal portion of the phosphopantetheine cofactor to which the chain extension intermediates are normally tethered. The stereochemistry of the reduction products was typically established by GC–MS and comparison to authentic synthetic standards, or alternatively by LC–MS

Continuous N-alkylation reactions of amino alcohols using γ-Al₂O₃ and supercritical CO₂: unexpected formation of cyclic ureas and urethanes by reaction with CO₂

• Emilia S. Streng,
• Darren S. Lee,
• Michael W. George and
• Martyn Poliakoff

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 329–337, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.36

• Aldrich and used as standards. 1d,e [50], 6 [51], 7 [52], and 11 [53] were identified as previously described in the literature. GC analysis was carried out using the following instrument and conditions: Online Shimadzu GC-2014 with a high pressure sample loop and an OPTIMA delta-3 column (30 m, 0.25 mm

NMR reaction monitoring in flow synthesis

• M. Victoria Gomez and
• Antonio de la Hoz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 285–300, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.31

• be coupled in different configurations and the authors used them to prepare from hundreds to thousands of doses of pharmaceuticals that fulfilled the quality standards of the pharmacopeia [10]. In research laboratories that focus on rapid, reproducible and efficient analysis and optimization, and on

Comparing blends and blocks: Synthesis of partially fluorinated diblock polythiophene copolymers to investigate the thermal stability of optical and morphological properties

• Pierre Boufflet,
• Sebastian Wood,
• Jessica Wade,
• Zhuping Fei,
• Ji-Seon Kim and
• Martin Heeney

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2150–2163, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.205

• hot (80 °C) chlorobenzene gave the number average molecular weight (Mn) of P3OT-b-F-P3OT 2:1 as 55 kg/mol against polystyrene standards. Although this is higher than the theoretical Mn (ca. 39 kg/mol for a monomer:catalyst ratio of 200:1), it is likely due to the removal of lower molecular weight

• oligomers during Soxhlet extraction as well as the known overestimation of molecular weight for polythiophenes when measured by GPC against polystyrene standards [50][51]. Accounting for the purification, the Mn of P3OT-b-F-P3OT 2:1 is in reasonable agreement with the ratio of H and F blocks as determined

• , using two PL mixed B columns in series, and calibrated against narrow polydispersity polystyrene standards. Films for PESA, UV–visible absorption and Raman spectroscopy, were prepared by spin-coating from hot (ca. 150 °C) solution in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (5 mg/mL) at 3000 rpm for 2 minutes. Dropcast

Synthesis and characterization of benzodithiophene and benzotriazole-based polymers for photovoltaic applications

• Desta Gedefaw,
• Marta Tessarolo,
• Margherita Bolognesi,
• Mario Prosa,
• Renee Kroon,
• Wenliu Zhuang,
• Patrik Henriksson,
• Kim Bini,
• Ergang Wang,
• Michele Muccini,
• Mirko Seri and
• Mats R. Andersson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1629–1637, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.160

• measurment was performed at 135 °C. The concentration of the samples was 0.5 mg/mL, which was filtered (filter: 0.45 μm) prior to the analysis. The relative molecular masses were calculated by calibration relative to polystyrene standards. Square-wave voltammetric measurements were carried out on a CH

Cp₂TiCl/D₂O/Mn, a formidable reagent for the deuteration of organic compounds

• Antonio Rosales and
• Ignacio Rodríguez-García

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1585–1589, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.154

• multiple applications of the deuterated compound such as the enhancement of the metabolic stability of pharmaceutical drugs, the use of internal standards for mass spectrometry, the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways, and the study of reaction mechanisms and selectivity control reactions. In an effort to

• cyclization using reagents that are cheap, abundant and environmentally friendly. Certainly, this new methodology of deuteration will contribute to the synthesis of new deuterated organic compounds with applications as internal standards, pharmaceutical drugs and new materials, among others. Conclusion In

3,6-Carbazole vs 2,7-carbazole: A comparative study of hole-transporting polymeric materials for inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells

• Wei Li,
• Munechika Otsuka,
• Takehito Kato,
• Yang Wang,
• Takehiko Mori and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1401–1409, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.134

• GULLIVER 1500 equipped with a pump (PU-2080 Plus), an absorbance detector (RI-2031 Plus), and two Shodex GPC KF-803 columns (8.0 mm I.D. × 300 mm L) based on a conventional calibration curve using polystyrene standards. Tetrahydrofuran (40 °C) was used as a carrier solvent at the flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1

Efficient syntheses of climate relevant isoprene nitrates and (1R,5S)-(−)-myrtenol nitrate

• Sean P. Bew,
• Glyn D. Hiatt-Gipson,
• Graham P. Mills and
• Claire E. Reeves

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1081–1095, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.103

• standards has hindered a comprehensive understanding of IPN climate chemistry, there has been progress in a number of laboratory, field and theoretical studies that have focused on probing their formation, kinetics, yields and decomposition. By way of example, Teng et al. investigated the branching ratio (α

• suite of nitroxyalkylperoxy radicals. Worthy of note and a fundamental reason for initiating the UEA study was the fact that Schwantes et al. make reference to the fact that “synthetic standards are not available, the CIMS sensitivities for most of the isoprene nitrates formed in this work are not known

• %, interestingly the concentration of organic nitrates was found to be highly dependent on the relative humidity and seed aerosol acidity. Worthy of note this report also highlighted that “unfortunately, standards are unavailable for the expected organic nitrate products (derived from α-pinene)“ this, again

Biosynthesis of α-pyrones

• Till F. Schäberle

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 571–588, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.56

• positions of olefinic double bonds were isolated in the headspace extracts and unambiguously assigned by comparison to authentic standards [37]. Co-cultivation experiments of T. asperellum and Arabidopsis thaliana without physical contact resulted in smaller but vital and robust plants. Therefore, 29 was

Amino-functionalized (meth)acryl polymers by use of a solvent-polarity sensitive protecting group (Br-t-BOC)

• Helmut Ritter,
• Monir Tabatabai and
• Markus Herrmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 245–252, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.26

• × columns with 10,000, 1,000 und 100 Å). The system was calibrated with polystyrene standards with a molecular range from 575 g/mol to 3,114,000 g/mol. THF was used as eluent at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1. Materials Commercial reagents and solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Merck and Fluka. If not

Simple activation by acid of latent Ru-NHC-based metathesis initiators bearing 8-quinolinolate co-ligands

• Julia Wappel,
• Roland C. Fischer,
• Luigi Cavallo,
• Christian Slugovc and
• Albert Poater

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 154–165, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.17

• ), respectively. Gel permeation chromatography was used to determine molecular weights and the polydispersity index (PDI). The measurements were run in THF against a polystyrene standard using following arrangement: a Merck Hitachi L6000 pump, separation columns of Polymer Standards Service (5 µm grade size) and

• chromatography (GPC) against polystyrene standards). Tensile test values for shoulder test bars initiated with complexes 1–4. Supporting Information Crystallographic data for complexes 2a and 2b have also been deposited with the CCDC, nos. 1439204 and 1439205, and can be obtained free of charge from http

Synthesis and photophysical characteristics of polyfluorene polyrotaxanes

• Aurica Farcas,
• Giulia Tregnago,
• Ana-Maria Resmerita,
• Pierre-Henri Aubert and
• Franco Cacialli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2677–2688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.288

• presented only 11% coverage. The physical properties of the investigated copolymers are listed in Table 1. The polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and molecular weight distributions (Mn) of polymers obtained by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis using Pst standards and THF as eluent, are presented in

• of methyl groups [48]. Secondly, could be assigned to the differences of the hydrodynamic radii of the polyrotaxane rod-like backbones and standards. Furthermore, the polarity and backbone stiffness of polyrotaxanes can deviate strongly from those of Pst. The higher Mw/Mn of 3·TM-βCD and 3·TM-γCD

• . The FTIR (KBr pellets) spectra were obtained on a Bruker Vertex 70 spectrophotometer. The molecular weights of copolymers were determined by GPC in THF by using a Water Associates 440 instrument and polystyrene (Pst) calibrating standards. DSC was performed with a Mettler Toledo DSC-12E calorimeter

Life lessons

• Jonathan R. Nitschke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2350–2354, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.256

• standards, and how to write one. We kept going in lab, seeking to generate new results of the kind that could underpin a successful UK grant proposal. The story of P4 encapsulation [10] garnered substantial positive attention, and an invited Nature Q&A piece on systems chemistry [11] probably helped, too

Synthesis, structure, and mechanical properties of silica nanocomposite polyrotaxane gels

• Kazuaki Kato,
• Daisuke Matsui,
• Koichi Mayumi and
• Kohzo Ito

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2194–2201, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.238

• using RI detection and PEG standards. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min. Synthesis of acryloyl modified polyrotaxane (Acryl-PR) Three grams of PR previously dried under vacuum was dissolved in anhydrous DMSO (60 mL). 2-Isocyanatoethyl acrylate (9 mL) and dibutyltin dilaurate (90 μL) were added and stirred at

Cross-metathesis of polynorbornene with polyoctenamer: a kinetic study

• Yulia I. Denisova,
• Maria L. Gringolts,
• Alexander S. Peregudov,
• Liya B. Krentsel,
• Ekaterina A. Litmanovich,
• Arkadiy D. Litmanovich,
• Eugene Sh. Finkelshtein and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1796–1808, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.195

• and tetrahydrofurane for PCOE as a solvent, the flow rate of 1 mL/min, sample volume of 100 μL, and sample concentration of 1 mg/mL. The molar mass and its dispersity (Ð) were calculated by a standard procedure relative to polystyrene standards. Light scattering was studied on a Photocor Complex