Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• adsorbed on the PEG AuNPs. A quantification is not possible; however, there cannot be more than a few monolayers, otherwise the band would completely dominate the spectrum. This is also in agreement with the absence of the band in the FTIR spectra. Hence, the hydrophilic PEG chain binds water, but can

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• in the ecologically sensitive Himalayan lakes, posing a threat to biodiversity, water quality, and human habitation. These high-altitude freshwater ecosystems are being increasingly polluted through human use, tourism, glacier melt, and atmospheric deposition. Microplastic quantification in such

• ]. The combined analytical flow and instrumentation for MP characterization, such as digestion, preparation, and analytical processes like microscopy, spectroscopy, and thermal analysis, is presented in Figure 4. 4.3 Challenges in quantification and identification under alpine conditions MPs assessment

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• , the organic (n-hexane) layer was collected and washed three times with saturated NaCl solution to remove residual reagents. A 200 µL aliquot of the organic phase was then dried at room temperature in pre-weighted vials. FAME quantification was performed using a gas chromatograph (GC Agilent 8860

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• avenue for the development of targeted cancer therapies by leveraging this inherent selectivity. Although direct mechanistic assays such as ROS quantification or apoptosis marker analysis were not performed in this study, previous research on silver-based nanomaterials offers valuable insights into

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• requires systematic assessment, quantification, and reporting of CNM properties, including size, shape, stability, surface charge and functionalisation, as well as payload density and distribution. Once production and characterisation procedures are standardised, the preclinical evaluation of carbon-based

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• stiffness, insufficient sample deformation led to significant variability in modulus measurements (Figure 3b), indicating the ScanAsyst-Air probe was unsuitable for reliable Young’s modulus quantification. Comparative analysis revealed a high degree of similarity in the topography, modulus, and adhesion

• potential sample damage, we re-imaged the scan areas after the multifrequency measurements. No discernible sample damage or topographic alterations were observed within the specific regions of interest (ROIs) used for contrast quantification after multifrequency testing (see Supporting Information File 1

• that, while soft probes exhibit modulus quantification variability due to limited contact deformation (Figure 3b), their superimposed higher-order eigenmode signals provide complementary contrast, enabling reliable differentiation of thinner/thicker nanosheet regions. Conversely, stiff probes provide

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• technique, which is a high-resolution analytical method that can provide elemental information at the nanoscale. This step ensures precise identification and quantification of all elements present in the grown structures. (7) The final step involves examining the chemical composition of the resulted

• microscope is equipped with a gallium FIB and an EDAX Ametek SDD EDX detector setup. FIB/SEM Irradiation Experiments and EDX Chemical Composition Quantification In these experiments, a 30 keV energy beam was employed for raster scanning over a 50 µm × 50 µm square area with a dwell time of 200 ns. Ion beam

• together with NMF factors corresponding to the decomposed EDX signal d). It is seen that the EDX silicon substrate signal is succesfully separated from the signal of the metal-rich structures (Si K peak). This allows for the chemical composition quantification via EDX ZAF method. Investigation of chemical

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• deviation. Acid value for linseed oil The acid value (AV) of LO was determined following the American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS) Cd 3d-63 method. For quantification, 5 g of LO was dissolved in 50 mL of a petroleum ether and ethanol mixture (1:1 v/v ratio) at 25 °C under magnetic stirring. The sample was

• quantification of fatty acids (FAs) in linseed oil (LO) are presented in Table 1. Linolenic acid is the most abundant, constituting 46.7%, followed by oleic acid (17.7%), linoleic acid (14.5%), behenic acid (7.4%), erucic acid (5.6%), palmitic acid (5.0%), and stearic acid (3.3%). Heating LO to 75 °C did not

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• (*p < 0.05), without significantly altering the zeta potential (Table 1). A polydispersity index (PDI) smaller than 0.3 was required for all the analyses. The quantification of proteins by the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay showed an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 100% for all samples containing T

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• interfaces. Local strain patterns were determined for all material groups by DIC, a technique that has demonstrated its applicability for strain quantification at functional interfaces [29][36][37][38][53][54], predetermined failure sites [55], and for the comparison between biological and bioinspired

• , from which the respective tensile specimens are cut. The red (dotted) lines indicate the approximate interfaces between adjacent polymer blends. Analysis and quantification of fiber content and orientation using μCT images. (A) Representative cross sections of the scanned segments with different PP

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• plays a crucial role in determining their stability and interactions with biological systems. EE can be determined by separating the liposomes from the non-encapsulated drug using techniques such as size exclusion chromatography or centrifugation, followed by quantification of the encapsulated drug

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems

• Michelly de Sá Matsuoka,
• Giovanna Carla Cadini Ruiz,
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi and
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89

• sealed, protected from light, and maintained under agitation at 37 ± 1 °C and 100 rpm. Aliquots of 50 to 500 µL were collected at time intervals up to 96 h, diluted in 77% ethanol (v/v), filtered through a 0.45 µm membrane, and quantified by spectrophotometry at λ = 400 nm. Quantification was performed

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• curve was constructed for the raw rotenoids by HPLC using linear regression (Figure 4), enabling the quantification of rotenoids incorporated into the nanostructures. Using this approach, the rotenoid concentration was determined to be 0.469 mg/mL for the conventional ionic gelation method and 0.531 mg

• of 1 cm−1 and an accumulation of 35 scans per spectrum. A compressive force of 15 N was applied to the samples during measurement to ensure proper contact with the ATR crystal surface. Quantification of rotenoids by high-performance liquid chromatography The quantification of rotenoids was performed

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• ; therefore, the durations for the Cantor alloy may differ due to lower thermal conductivity [101][102] and different electron–phonon-coupling strength. Although statistical quantification of carbon content inside the core structures of HEA nanoparticles requires further in-depth analysis with specialized

• ), while the carbon species inside the particle core also resemble metal-carbon species [103][104], although a clear classification and quantification is difficult due to the presence of multiple elements. Thus, multiple interactions may lead to signal shifts that can easily be misinterpreted. Still, the

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• cubic. Quantification shows that tantalum allows for a greater incorporation of oxygen at high temperatures. XPS analysis demonstrated that the nitrogen pressure critically influences both stoichiometry and impurity content of the TaN thin films. A nitrogen pressure of 90 mTorr during deposition

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• biocomposite’s cellular protective capabilities against ROS. Confocal microscopic studies indicated that cells displayed green fluorescence after FLG–TA exposure (Figure 4A). Fluorescence signal quantification showed intensities of 3.40 ± 0.35, 1.77 ± 0.97, and 1.71 ± 0.61 for FLG–TA treatments at 1, 25, and 200

• compared to control (Ctrl+), determined by Tukey's post-hoc test. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cells treated with FLG–TA. Confocal fluorescence images showing ROS levels after staining with CellROX (green) and Hoechst 33258 (blue). Scale bar: 20 µm (A). Quantification of ROS production

• material. The images display phalloidin-stained F-actin (red) and Hoechst 33258-stained DNA (blue), along with a merged view. Scale bar: 20 µm (A). Confocal images of PDL cells after contact with FLG–TA, highlighting Hoechst 33258-stained DNA (blue). Scale bar: 3 μm (B). Quantification of chromatin

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• , capable of detecting ADDLs at femtomole levels, has been developed [88]. This assay is instrumental in understanding the formation of oligomers in vivo as it allows for the detection and quantification of these crucial intermediates in the aggregation process. Zhou et al. introduced an antibody–aptamer

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• dispersed in artificial saliva. Clinically relevant concentrations from 10 to 10,000 pg/mL were measured in a differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) experiment. Artificial saliva was used as a negative control to validate detection accuracy. The DPV technique was used for detection and quantification of

• /mAb/4-ATP/AuNFs/CSPE was rinsed with 1 mL of PBS, dried under a flow of N2, and stored at 4 °C. Quantification of hemagglutinin A serial dilution of H1 from 10 to 10,000 pg/mL spiked in artificial saliva were prepared from a 100 μg/mL stock solution in PBS. A solution of artificial saliva with no

• peristaltic pump, and it allowed us to automate the addition of the sample and the reagents to the electrodes during the quantification of hemagglutinin. The microfluidic device, which was printed using a 3D printer (Ultimaker 2+, Ultimaker), contained a slot through which the electrode can be placed and

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• intensity of a particular element of the sample under study to a tabulated standard for the same element) from EDX quantification software as input (in our case, Oxford Aztec), which were generated assuming isotropy (i.e., even distribution of all measured elements in the electron excitation volume). Using

• , calculated using the method of Kanaya and Okayama [46], is outlined with a yellow border. The prominent silicon peak indicates that thin film correction of EDX data is necessary for the accurate quantification of the thin Pd-containing FEB deposit. Using thickness values from AFM measurements and Stratagem

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• through various pathways. This has led to significant concerns regarding developing rapid onsite qualitative and quantitative methods for estimating SDS in aqueous solutions. Although a range of high-throughput techniques is currently utilized for SDS quantification, these methods are often expensive

• excellent linearity over a concentration range of 0–200 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.98. The limits of detection and quantification for the proposed method were determined to be 26.14 μg/mL and 79.23 μg/mL, respectively. These findings indicate that the newly developed method offers high

• can interact with the G-250 dye in the Bradford method, a commonly used method for protein quantification [36]. However, the interaction is not visually or optically measured without protein in a sample. In typical protein quantification methods, the interaction of the G-250 dye with proteins produces

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• lysosomes results in a very low LC3 content in autolysosomes due to subsequent degradation of LC3 by lysosomal enzymes [65]. Therefore, the endogenous GFP-LC3 is visualized as a diffuse cytoplasmic pool or punctate structures and could be used for the selective quantification of autophagosomes, thus