Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• nanoparticles as anode materials to promote the rapid diffusion and electron transfer of lithium, and Rongjun Zhao prepared n-butanol gas sensors with one-dimensional In2O3 nanorods [1][2]. Different from 2D materials, 1D materials generally have a chain-like crystal structure and are easily exfoliated due to a

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• (LOBs) have received great attention as a future energy storage solution since they offer a tremendously high energy density compared to commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) [1][2]. An aprotic LOB is composed of a porous air cathode and a metallic Li anode, which are separated by a porous separator

• from the metallic Li anode, leading to the formation of Li2O2 as the final discharge product. During the subsequent charge, Li2O2 can be reversibly decomposed to Li+ and O2 by the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) [3][4][5][6]. Considering these reaction mechanisms of LOBs, the cathode should have a

• (Thermal Analyzer, TGA Q5000 IR) with a scan rate of 5 °C·min−1 under Ar atmosphere. Electrochemical experiments The electrochemical performance of cathode materials was investigated using a coin-type LOB cell composed of a Li metal anode, a liquid electrolyte impregnated into a glass-fiber separator, and

Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• ) [6][7][8][9]. Since the reduction of I3− to I− on the CE plays a vital role in the regeneration of the oxidized dye molecules on the photoanode of the DSSCs, the electrocatalytic behavior of MoS2 CEs was further evaluated regarding the first redox couple (Ox1/Red1). Various parameters including anode

• /cathode peak potentials (EpOx1, EpRed1), peak-to-peak voltage separation (Epp), and anode/cathode peak current densities (JOx1, JRed1) were calculated and presented in Table 1. The Epp value for MoS2 CEs was slightly larger than that of Pt CE confirming their excellent electrocatalytic activity. The JRed1

• assembled using the pre-cleaned FTO plates (1.5 × 1.5 cm) for the fabrication of anode and cathode. For cathode preparation, MoS2/FTO CEs were prepared with different morphologies from the above MoS2 samples. The obtained CEs were designated as MoS2-1.25/FTO, MoS2-2.5/FTO, and MoS2-5.0/FTO. For comparison

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• protection based on GR NEM switch structures can be integrated into the back end of the substrate, as shown in Figure 7. The anode and cathode of the switches are connected to input/output pads and ground pad on a chip, respectively. When electrostatic discharge occurs, the suspended graphene will be pulled

The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG

• Yiru Wang,
• Xin Zhao,
• Yang Liu and
• Wenjun Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25

• during electrodeposition. The sample after electrodeposition was dried in a Geruida GRD220H oven. After obtaining 16 groups of experimental samples, PTFE (purchased from Bukraun) was used as the anode, and the experimental sample was used as the cathode to fabricate the TENGs. The open-circuit voltage

• the electrolyte. The deposition area was set to 9 cm2 by adjusting the position of the anode copper sheet and the cathode copper sheet immersed in the electrolyte. The distance between the anode and cathode plates was fixed at 5 cm to avoid the impact of plate spacing on the nanomorphology of the

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• as the emissive layer (EML), the hole transport layers (HTL), the electron transport layers (ETL), the cathode, and the anode [17][18][19][20][21]. Enhancement in LED properties via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metal nanoparticles (MNP) such as Au and Ag have also been reported [22][23]. This

• feasibility of incorporating GR and CNT in large-scale devices is also discussed. Even though plasmonic nanoparticles (NP) are a developing field, their applications are nonetheless promising. The effect of these nanostructures on the performance of LED when included in individual layers (i.e., anode, HTL

• review is available in Table 1. Enhancing the anode characteristics For LED, the general strategy is to use a current-spreading layer (anode) with a high electrical conductivity and a high transparency ranging from the UV to the red region. Additionally, it should also be cost-effective and producible on

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• , Na dendrite growth, and slow reaction kinetics by nanostructuring both the sulfur cathode and the Na anode. Moreover, a survey of recent patents on room temperature (RT) Na–S batteries revealed that nanostructured sulfur and sodium electrodes are still in the minority, which suggests that much

• investigation and innovation is needed until RT Na–S batteries can be commercialized. Keywords: composites; metal-free anode; Na–S; sodium nanostructures; sodium–sulfur batteries; sulfur nanostructures; Introduction The progress and innovation of cheaper, cleaner, safer, and more efficient electrical energy

• available anode and cathode materials are sought. Table 1 lists some abundant metals as anode materials with high capacity and reduction potential values that are explored in metal-ion batteries [7][8][9]. Besides sodium as alternative anode material, also sulfur as abundant cathode material has emerged due

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• surface coating with nanoparticles through electrodeposition. A general electrodeposition setup consists of three electrodes, that is cathode, anode, and a reference electrode [78]. The solvation property and the conductivity of DESs also play a critical role in determining the physical structure, yield

Electromigration-induced formation of percolating adsorbate islands during condensation from the gaseous phase: a computational study

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.55

• neighboring vacancies in the direction of electron flow leading to an accumulation of atoms at the anode and vacancies at the cathode [1][2]. Current trends in computer technology, namely, reducing the size of integrated circuits, increasing their power, and increasing the density of elements, have led to an

• between anode and cathode); e is the electron charge. The direction of the force Fel is defined by the effective valence Z, which is negative for most metals. Thus, the adsorbed atoms move in the opposite direction to the electric field. In the general case if the electric field is applied across the

• induced by an electric field: ±kem∇xx(r), where it is taken into account that the electric field is directed along the direction x, and the sign ± is determined by the relative position of the cathode and anode. The rate of directed motion kem is proportional to the strength E of the electric field. A

Interface interaction of transition metal phthalocyanines with strontium titanate (100)

• Reimer Karstens,
• Thomas Chassé and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 485–496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.39

• a thickness of 0.34 nm estimated from the structure of an α-polymorph of TMPcs [42][43][44]. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) measurements were performed using an ultrahigh-vacuum setup equipped with a monochromatized standard source (Al Kα), a twin-anode standard source (Al Kα and Mg Kα), PHOIBOS

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• obtained material was composed of loosely arranged nanoparticles whose average diameter was about 36 nm. The as-prepared cobalt oxide powder was also tested as the anode material for Li-ion batteries and revealed specific capacities of 1060 and 533 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles at charge–discharge current

• current densities between 50 and 5000 mA·g−1. Keywords: anode material; cobalt oxide; lithium-ion battery; solution combustion synthesis; transition metal oxide; Introduction Recently, a considerable research effort regarding new anode materials has been made because the traditional carbonaceous anodes

• area, which, surprisingly, revealed high rate capability and long cycle life as anode electrode material for Li-ion batteries. The obtained results are discussed in detail in the following sections of this work. Results and Discussion The structure of as-prepared Co3O4 powder was verified by XRD and

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• attention from different sectors. Cathodic protection is an effective and a traditional method to keep metals from corrosion. It can be obtained by an external direct current or a by a passive sacrificial anode [155][156][157]. However, traditional cathodic protection needs external electricity, which is

• square-shaped A3 steel piece was connected to the cathode and a carbon electrode was connected to the anode, with a P-TENG paired with a rectifier and a capacitor connected in parallel with the electrochemical system. The P-TENG, in this case, was composed of PVDF and paper as the friction layers. The

• (Dunaliella and Navicula) were used as typical indicators to simulate the ecological environment of the marine fouling organisms. Two stainless steel pieces were connected to the anode and to the cathode with a rectifier, and another piece of stainless steel was directly immersed into the algae medium as the

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• . Another physical method widely used for the synthesis of AgNPs is the arc discharge method. In this method, two electrodes – a cathode and an anode – are connected in a high current DC circuit and submerged in a solvent – mostly deionized water – to run the process [129][131]. These electrodes can be

• anode, and an electron exchange takes place in the plasma region where silver ions are reduced [129]. In the case of silver electrodes, silver will be melted and vaporized from the electrode ends, and as a result, nanoparticles are formed from the silver condensates [131]. Tien et al. [227] synthesized

Scanning transmission imaging in the helium ion microscope using a microchannel plate with a delay line detector

• Eduardo Serralta,
• Nico Klingner,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Serge Duarte Pinto,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1854–1864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.167

• transmission-channeling contrast using polycrystalline silicon, thallium chloride samples and beam steering in single-crystalline silicon. Experimental The new STIM detector comprises a stack of two MCPs and a resistive anode layer with a delay line readout structure behind it, as represented in Figure 1c. The

• numerous collisions along the way within the channels creating an electron cloud. The electron cloud hits the resistive anode layer in front of the delay lines and, by capacitive coupling, induces signals on the delay line meanders. These signals are collected at the endpoints of each delay line and passed

• 4 megapixels over its entire area. The MCP front is biased to a potential of approximately −2 kV, while the MCP back is kept at approximately −400 V, relative to the anode, which is at ground potential. With this bias scheme, in the working instrument (detectors and gauges powered up, column

Piezotronic effect in AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction nanowires used as a flexible strain sensor

• Jianqi Dong,
• Liang Chen,
• Yuqing Yang and
• Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1847–1853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.166

• silver paste and connected to the anode of the electrolytic cell, and the cathode was the Pt sheet. Oxalic solution (0.3 M) was used as the electrolyte. The applied voltage was 20 V and the duration of its application was 10 min. After selective EC wet etching, the sample with suspended NWs was placed in

Self-standing heterostructured NiC_x-NiFe-NC/biochar as a highly efficient cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries

• Shengyu Jing,
• Xu Gong,
• Shan Ji,
• Linhui Jia,
• Bruno G. Pollet,
• Sheng Yan and
• Huagen Liang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1809–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.163

• the anode, and LiCF3SO3 dissolved in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether was used as the electrolyte. A glass filter (Whatman grade GF/D) was used as the separator in these coin cells. The cell assembly was carried out in an Ar-filled glove box (H2O < 0.5 ppm, O2 < 0.5 ppm). The sealed coin cells were

Mapping of integrated PIN diodes with a 3D architecture by scanning microwave impedance microscopy and dynamic spectroscopy

• Rosine Coq Germanicus,
• Peter De Wolf,
• Florent Lallemand,
• Catherine Bunel,
• Serge Bardy,
• Hugues Murray and
• Ulrike Lüders

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1764–1775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.159

• lightly doped n-type epitaxial silicon layer is, then, grown on top of the buried layer using chemical vapour deposition. The targeted epitaxial layer thickness is 7.5 µm with a resistivity of 12 Ω·cm. The anode of the diode is formed by a 30 µm diameter p+ layer, also made by the implantation and

• ) have a slightly different polishing rate, which results in the observed topography. In the AFM topography image, one can localize the two deep trench isolation structures in the silicon wafer, as well as the anode and cathode contacts. It is important to note that a low roughness is required for a

• stable tip–sample contact during the sMIM measurements. A root mean square (RMS) roughness of the silicon surface below 3 nm was measured. First, we studied the PIN vertical structure and the anode contact. Area 1 in Figure 2 was scanned with VDC = 0 V and VAC = 1.0 V. The sMIM results for a scanned area

Fabrication of nano/microstructures for SERS substrates using an electrochemical method

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Xiaoping Li,
• Junjie Yang,
• Zhengkai Li,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Xinming Zhang and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.139

• succession. No further purification was carried out. A customized DC power supply was used to conduct the PEO. Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of nanopore formation using PEO processing. The specimens and carbon tubes were utilized as the anode and cathode, respectively, and the electrolyte solution was

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• transport and improve the efficiency of the thermoelectric generator [7]. Silicon nanowire arrays are also an emerging anode material for integrated lithium-ion batteries. They have a ten times higher theoretical capacity than graphite and can be used for cells with high energy density. However, these

• features cannot be achieved with dense silicon, i.e., a nanoporous silicon anode is required for a successful integration [8]. Also, integrated capacitors can benefit from the increased surface of nanowires with high aspect ratio. In combination with atomic layer deposition, one can fabricate integrated

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• of two high-voltage power generators (NTPS-35K, Ntsse Co., Korea), a flow pump (LSP01, Longerpump Co., Ltd., China), a syringe (20 mL) with a capillary tip (diameter = 0.5 mm), a copper ring and a parallel electrode collector. The needle tip and the copper ring were clamped on the anode of the high

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• -ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.11.106 Abstract Hard carbons are promising candidates for high-capacity anode materials in alkali metal-ion batteries, such as lithium- and sodium-ion batteries. High reversible capacities are often coming along with high irreversible capacity losses during

• area (SSA) of the anode materials as well as the deposition of amorphous carbon films were shown to reduce irreversible capacity losses [22][23]. Ji et al. found that lower total pore volumes (determined by N2 sorption) gave rise to increased reversible sodium storage capacities for sucrose-derived HCs

• molecules can penetrate. It is important to highlight that the deviations are not artefacts from the applied models, but are real effects resulting from the unequal accessibility of the small pores for the different gas molecules. In HC anode research the use of CO2 sorption rather than N2 sorption thus

Observation of unexpected uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in La_2/3Sr_1/3MnO₃ films by a BaTiO₃ overlayer in an artificial multiferroic bilayer

• John E. Ordóñez,
• Lorena Marín,
• Luis A. Rodríguez,
• Pedro A. Algarabel,
• José A. Pardo,
• Roger Guzmán,
• Luis Morellón,
• César Magén,
• Etienne Snoeck,
• María E. Gómez and
• Manuel R. Ibarra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 651–661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.51

• (220) monochromator selects the Kα1 radiation from a Cu anode, providing an X-ray beam with a wavelength of λ = 1.54056 Å. Local analysis of the crystalline structure of the bilayers was carried out by HAADF-STEM in a probe-corrected FEI Titan Low Base 60-300 microscope operated at 300 kV with a

Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique

• Matthias Simolka,
• Hanno Kaess and
• Kaspar Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 583–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.46

• an increase in electrochemical activity and higher lithium concentration in the anode. In general, the ionic mobility, concentration and activity in the probed volume and the material structure influence the ESM signal. Several groups already investigated LFP by ESM measurements. Chen et al. studied

• the aged full cell after cycling. Due to the anode contribution to the capacity loss in the commercial full cell setup, the cathode was additionally analysed separately. The cathode ageing is observed in the Nyquist plot in Figure S2 from the fresh and aged cathode vs lithium metal reference electrode

• anode [52][53]. The aged sample exhibits a larger first semi-circle due to ageing and the second semi-circle stays nearly constant, since the lithium reference anode is not affected by the cycling. In Figure S3, the fresh and aged cathode are cycled in a three-electrode setup combined with a fresh anode

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• spectrometer with 128-channel collector). XPS measurements were performed at room temperature in ultra-high vacuum (ca. 10−9 mbar). The photoelectrons were excited by an Mg Kα X-ray source. The X-ray anode was operated at 15 keV and 300 W. An Omicron Argus hemispherical electron analyzer with a round aperture

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• fluoride and hydroxide ions at the anode (i.e., the higher the hydroxide ions the faster the exfoliation), which is in line with our recent report [43]. As described earlier, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of EEG samples indicate that the average lateral size is about 3–5 µm (more images in

• catalysts. The weight of the anode (graphite electrode) used for the electrochemical exfoliation was ≈0.374 g and the 1–2 h of exfoliation resulted in the complete consumption of graphite, delivering ≈0.180 ± 0.005 g of exfoliated functionalized graphene. Hence the average yield of this process was found to

• . After the complete consumption of the graphite rod (anode), a black precipitate was collected from the electrolyte through centrifugation and subsequently washed with 1 M H2SO4 followed by deionized water until the solution becomes neutral pH. The powder was dried at 60 °C for 12 h and used for further