The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• ]. The solution was stirred for 5 min and then stored at 4 °C until needed [10]. Annealing The silicon wafers (100, n/phosphorus-doped, 3–6 ohm·cm, Mat-Technology) were cleaned with ethanol and the NPs were deposited by drop-casting. The drops were dried at ambient conditions. Five samples of Au NPs on

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• ), and a Thermo Scientific iCAP 6300 DUO ICP Spectrometer for phosphorus (P). Theoretical compositions were calculated under assumption that: i) all glucosamine units in chitosan are protonated complexed to either TPP or HA; ii) TPP has an average of three negative charges (at pH 5.0, which means that

Abrupt elastic-to-plastic transition in pentagonal nanowires under bending

• Sergei Vlassov,
• Magnus Mets,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Jianjun Bian,
• Leonid Dorogin and
• Vahur Zadin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2468–2476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.237

• /phosphorus doped, 3–6 Ω·cm, Mat-Technology) for SEM imaging. Experimental set-up for bending tests: The NWs were drop-cast on TEM grids (Agar) so that some of the NWs were partially suspended over a hole. The bending tests were performed inside a HR-SEM (Helios Nanolab 600, FEI) with a cantilever beam

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• solution. Ultrasensitive sensors for mercury ions were prepared by Li et al. who engineered suspended atomically thin black phosphorus between the source and drain electrodes [94]. Due to the avoidance of substrate scattering, the sensors with bridged black phosphorus exhibit a much improved signal-to

• -noise ratio in mercury ion detection with a detection limit of 0.01 ppb and a very short detection time constant of 3 s. This nanoarchitectonic design can maximize the intrinsic potential of black phosphorus and other materials. Sensors for physical conditions Not limited to particular chemicals, the

First principles modeling of pure black phosphorus devices under pressure

• Ximing Rong,
• Zhizhou Yu,
• Zewen Wu,
• Junjun Li,
• Bin Wang and
• Yin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1943–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.190

• .10.190 Abstract Black phosphorus (BP) has a pressure-dependent bandgap width and shows the potential for applications as a low-dimensional pressure sensor. We built two kinds of pure BP devices with zigzag or armchair conformation, and explored their pressure-dependent conductance in detail by using

• set of parameters based on the results from the empirical Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method, which provides an effortless approximation to quantitatively predict the pressure-related behaviors of large pure BP devices. Keywords: band alignment; black phosphorus; first principles calculation; pressure

• sensors; WKB approximation; Introduction Black phosphorus (BP) has been regarded as one of the most popular two-dimensional (2D) materials due to their unique properties and potential applications in many fields of nanoelectronics [1][2][3]. So far, many studies have been carried out to explore the

Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1745–1753, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.170

• phosphorus (BP) [2][3], hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) [4][5] and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with a common chemical formula MX2 [6][7][8][9][10]. Due to the many excellent electronic, mechanical and optoelectronic properties, TMDCs are highly attractive for fundamental studies of novel physical

Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid

• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1497–1510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.148

• activation was dominant at higher temperatures [34]. Figure 2 shows the correlation between P/C ratio and N/C ratio in P-series precursors and HP-series carbon materials. It indicates the presence of some chemical interactions between the nitrogen in folic acid and the phosphorus in phosphoric acid, which

Growth of lithium hydride thin films from solutions: Towards solution atomic layer deposition of lithiated films

• Ivan Kundrata,
• Karol Fröhlich,
• Lubomír Vančo,
• Matej Mičušík and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1443–1451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.142

• phosphorus and nitrogen into the Li2O film at 250 °C. In the resulting LIPON films the nitrogen concentration could be varied between 0 and 16.3% [8]. Another approach to deposit LIPON using ALD is to incorporate nitrogen into the phosphorus precursors. Diethyl phosphoramidate has been successfully used in

• combination with lithium hexamethyldisilazane to deposit LIPON films [9]. The key insight was the use of a nitrogen-containing phosphorus precursor to directly create the P–N bonds. The resulting films grown by this technique at 270–330 °C were amorphous and the nitrogen concentration increased with the

Warped graphitic layers generated by oxidation of fullerene extraction residue and its oxygen reduction catalytic activity

• Machiko Takigami,
• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1391–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.137

• diamond phase, nitrogen, boron, phosphorus, sulfur, and transition metals like iron and cobalt. Such WGLs can be obtained from fullerene-related materials. We selected a commercial carbon, Nanom Black, which is a fullerene extraction residue from a fullerene soot prepared by a combustion method [40]. The

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a saturable absorber for giant chirped pulse generation

• Ji-Shu Liu,
• Xiao-Hui Li,
• Abdul Qyyum,
• Yi-Xuan Guo,
• Tong Chai,
• Hua Xu and
• Jie Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.107

• InGaAs/GaAs-on-GaAs superlattice as a SA to realize 1557 nm, 1.2 ps, transformation-limited pulse generation [9]. Following this, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, topological insulators (TIs), transition metal disulfides (TMDs) and black phosphorus (BP) were used as SAs to realize passively mode-locked

Electronic and magnetic properties of doped black phosphorene with concentration dependence

• Ke Wang,
• Hai Wang,
• Min Zhang,
• Yan Liu and
• Wei Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 993–1001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.100

• element phosphorus, which hinders its application in spintronic devices [13]. Therefore, searching for methods of inducing magnetism in black phosphorene arises as a necessity for developing the next generation of spintronic devices. Substitutional doping has been proven to be an effective and promising

• Etot, EP, and Ed are the energy of the doped phosphorene, the phosphorus atoms and the dopant atoms, respectively, and N is the number of atoms in doped phosphorene. The formation energy Ef describes the average energy released by each atom in the formation of doped phosphorene. If the formation energy

• phosphorene is mainly caused by the 3p orbit–spin splitting of the dopant atom suggesting the magnetism is mainly located at the dopant atom, while the 3p orbit–spin splitting of S-doped phosphorene is induced by the 3p orbit–spin splitting in the PDOSs of neighboring phosphorus and dopant atoms. As the in

Amorphous Ni_xCo_yP-supported TiO₂ nanotube arrays as an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst in acidic solution

• Yong Li,
• Peng Yang,
• Bin Wang and
• Zhongqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 62–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.6

• phosphorus species by contact with air [21][33][34][35]. The binding energy of 129.6 eV is slightly lower than that of elemental P (130.0 eV), which suggests the P is partially negatively charged (Pδ−) [36]. Given the probing depth of 3 nm for XPS measurements, the NiCoP amorphous phase in NixCoyP/TNAs

Hybrid Au@alendronate nanoparticles as dual chemo-photothermal agent for combined cancer treatment

• Anouchka Plan Sangnier,
• Romain Aufaure,
• Laurence Motte,
• Claire Wilhelm,
• Erwann Guenin and
• Yoann Lalatonne

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2947–2952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.273

• 1113 cm−1 is characteristic for the vibrational mode for the PO3 group [32]. For Au@alendronate NPs the strong tightening of P=O and P–O vibration bands around 1000 cm−1 (red curve), which is characteristic of the chelation of phosphorus species on a metallic surface [11][16][33], suggests a

Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers

• Kateřina Kopecká,
• Ludvík Beneš,
• Klára Melánová,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Petr Knotek and
• Kateřina Zetková

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269

• comprises metal atoms coordinated by oxygen atoms of the phosphonate groups. The outer plies are formed by benzene rings connected to the central ply through phosphorus atoms of the phosphonate groups. The model of the CaPhP layer is depicted in Figure 1. Thanks to its structure, the surface of the CaPhP

• was for H2 and the smallest for CO2. The addition of the filler increased the permeability for both these gases. In the case of hydrogen, it was approximately four times higher and in the case of CO2 even 5.6 times higher in comparison to the pristine epoxy film. Flammability Phosphorus containing

• compounds are used as flame retardant agents as an alternative to halogenated compound, which are effective but, on the other hand, they are considered to be hazardous for the environment and human health [21]. The structure of CaPhP contains a high amount of phosphorus as well as bound water molecules and

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• , e.g., MoS2, WS2 [16][17], black phosphorus (BP) [18]), and topological insulators (TIs, e.g., Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3 [19][20], graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) [21]). In the PQS regime, such structures enable the generation of nanosecond pulses at high repetition rates (up to MHz) and they are attractive for

Phosphorus monolayer doping (MLD) of silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates

• Noel Kennedy,
• Ray Duffy,
• Luke Eaton,
• Dan O’Connell,
• Scott Monaghan,
• Shane Garvey,
• James Connolly,
• Chris Hatem,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Brenda Long

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2106–2113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.199

• Applied Materials, Gloucester, Massachusetts, USA CRANN@AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 10.3762/bjnano.9.199 Abstract This paper details the application of phosphorus monolayer doping of silicon on insulator substrates. There have been no previous publications dedicated to the topic of

• them in the crystal structure. By contrast, Ye et al. have recently proposed a monolayer contact doping (MLCD) process without the need for a capping layer [13]. This paper will examine the application of phosphorus MLD to silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates with nanoscale dimensions (sub-66 nm

• necessary when carrying out phosphorus MLD. This was done using bulk silicon samples. Electrochemical capacitance–voltage (ECV) profiling is a technique that analyses the quantity of active dopant atoms present in a substrate as a function of the depth. Figure 2 shows that the application of a capping layer

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• , phosphorus has five valence electrons, but its atomic radius is bigger. Therefore, its incorporation in the carbon lattice causes a protrusion out of the graphitic plane [47]. Other functional groups containing oxygen [50], hydrogen [51][52] or fluorine [53][54][55], also contribute to the modification of

• . explained the interesting interaction between oxygen and boron-containing carbon nanomaterials: because it is an electron acceptor, B easily oxidizes carbon atoms in a site-dependent way [62]. Besides boron [61][63][64], other elements that have been co-doped with nitrogen are sulfur [65] and phosphorus [66

A differential Hall effect measurement method with sub-nanometre resolution for active dopant concentration profiling in ultrathin doped Si_1−xGe_x and Si layers

• Richard Daubriac,
• Emmanuel Scheid,
• Hiba Rizk,
• Richard Monflier,
• Sylvain Joblot,
• Rémi Beneyton,
• Pablo Acosta Alba,
• Sébastien Kerdilès and
• Filadelfo Cristiano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1926–1939, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.184

• investigated as a low thermal budget solution for achieving dopant activation in the top transistor level without degrading the performance of the transistors located at the bottom [39]. The efficiency of this technique has already been proven for electrical activation of phosphorus in 22 nm thick SOI

• measured at 0.77 J·cm−2 suggests that a “full melt” of the SiGe layer has already occurred at this energy and that most of the dopant activation is therefore lost. This behaviour is similar to that observed by Acosta Alba et al. [44] in 22 nm thick phosphorus-doped SOI, where the sudden increase in the

Absence of free carriers in silicon nanocrystals grown from phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon-rich oxide and oxynitride

• Daniel Hiller,
• Julian López-Vidrier,
• Keita Nomoto,
• Michael Wahl,
• Wolfgang Bock,
• Tomáš Chlouba,
• František Trojánek,
• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Margit Zacharias,
• Dirk König,
• Petr Malý and
• Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1501–1511, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.141

• ), Kaiserslautern, Germany Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Integrated Materials Design Centre (IMDC), University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia 10.3762/bjnano.9.141 Abstract Phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) embedded in

Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil–water separation

• Zhaoyang Xu,
• Huan Zhou,
• Sicong Tan,
• Xiangdong Jiang,
• Weibing Wu,
• Jiangtao Shi and
• Peng Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 508–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.49

• (H2O2, 30%), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 98%), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), sodium chlorite (NaClO2), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) and ammonium hydroxide (NH3·H2O) were purchased from Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co

Comparative study of post-growth annealing of Cu(hfac)₂, Co₂(CO)₈ and Me₂Au(acac) metal precursors deposited by FEBID

• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Artur Rydosz,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Fanny Béron,
• Kleber R. Pirota,
• Stanislav Moshkalev,
• José Alexandre Diniz and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.11

• thick CuxFyCzOz and 50 nm thick AuxCyOz depositions. Each defined a rectangular pattern of 20 × 5 μm2 onto predefined 100 nm thick Au electrodes. These electrodes were obtained by standard UV lithography on phosphorus-doped Si wafers (8 mΩ·cm) with a 200 nm thick SiO2 layer for electrodes isolation. The

Comparing postdeposition reactions of electrons and radicals with Pt nanostructures created by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Julie A. Spencer,
• Michael Barclay,
• Miranda J. Gallagher,
• Robert Winkler,
• Ilyas Unlu,
• Yung-Chien Wu,
• Harald Plank,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2410–2424, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.240

• could also be exploited to help redisperse metals, such as Pt, which have nucleated as a result of sintering during catalysis. Other Pt-containing deposits In contrast to the effectiveness of AH towards purification of PtCl2, there was no measureable removal of carbon or phosphorus contaminants for

• ]) a decrease in carbon content is observed from 81% to 65% upon exposing the PtCx deposits to a high-pressure AH source. However, the current work demonstrates that the efficiency of AH-mediated carbon and phosphorus purification is significantly lower than that of halogen atom removal. This

• difference in efficiency may be attributed to the number of elementary steps required to generate a stable gas-phase species from carbon (C(ads) + H(g) →→ CH4(g)) or phosphorus (P(ads) + H(g) →→ PH3(g)), coupled with the reversibility of AH addition/abstraction reactions (e.g., CH2(ads) + H(g) CH3(ads); CH2

Optical contrast and refractive index of natural van der Waals heterostructure nanosheets of franckeite

• Patricia Gant,
• Foad Ghasemi,
• David Maeso,
• Carmen Munuera,
• Elena López-Elvira,
• Riccardo Frisenda,
• David Pérez De Lara,
• Gabino Rubio-Bollinger,
• Mar Garcia-Hernandez and
• Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2357–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.235

• bandgap (below 0.7 eV) and p-type doping, and that they are very resilient upon atmospheric exposure. These characteristics makes franckeite an excellent alternative to black phosphorus which tends to degrade quickly upon air exposure [20][21][22][23]. Here we study the thickness dependence of the optical

Self-assembly of chiral fluorescent nanoparticles based on water-soluble L-tryptophan derivatives of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene

• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Irina A. Khripunova,
• Olga A. Mostovaya,
• Timur A. Mukhametzyanov,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Vyacheslav V. Vorobev,
• Yuri N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1825–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.184

• dried under reduced pressure over phosphorus pentoxide. L-tryptophan ethyl ester hydrochloride 2: 1H NMR (400 MHz, 298 K, DMSO-d6) δ 1.08 (t, 3JHH = 7.1 Hz, 3H, CH3CH2O–), 3.22–3.30 (m, 2H, CHCH2Trp), 4.07 (q, 3JHH = 7.1 Hz, 2H, CH3CH2O–), 4.19 (m, 1H, NНCHСО), 6.99–7.53 (m, 5H, ArHTrp), 8.55 (s, 1Н

• washed with water and dried under reduced pressure over phosphorus pentoxide. 5,11,17,23-Tetra-tert-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrakis[(N-(3,3-dimethyl-3-{(ethoxycarbonyl[S-(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl]methyl)amidocarbonylmethylammonio}propyl)carbamoylmethoxy]-2,8,14,20-tetrathiacalix[4]arene tetrabromide (cone-8

Laser processing of thin-film multilayer structures: comparison between a 3D thermal model and experimental results

• Babak B. Naghshine and
• Amirkianoosh Kiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1749–1759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.176

• Si layer with a phosphorus- or boron-containing liquid before laser processing the surface for n- and p-type TFTs respectively [8]. Another important application is mask repairing for MEMS/NEMS device fabrication [4]. There are also many potential applications in biomedical engineering. It’s been