Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• biggest threats to human health worldwide is the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, due to the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics [100]. The rising rates of antimicrobial and antiviral resistance of infectious bacteria, viruses, and fungi and their related diseases impact all aspects of

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• industry often contains biological drugs, such as antibiotics and pesticides. These drug residues in various industries would enter the drinking water source. It threatens human health and makes bacteria and viruses resistant to drugs, significantly impacting the environment [5]. Notably, wastewater

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• other medically important flaviviruses with high global public health significance, such as dengue (DENV) and yellow fever (YFV) viruses. Correct diagnosis of a flavivirus infection can be challenging, particularly in world regions where more than one flavivirus co-circulates and YFV vaccination is

• diagnosis of the Zika virus. Keywords: aptamer; biosensor; graphene; NS1 protein; Zika virus; Introduction The genus Flavivirus comprises 53 virus species that are transmitted by mosquitoes, and the majority of these have the potential to infect humans. Mosquito-transmitted viruses are a significant

• public health problem in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Viruses medically important in the genus Flavivirus include Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and yellow fever virus (YFV), mainly transmitted to humans by Aedesaegypti mosquitoes [1][2]. In 1947, ZIKV was first discovered in Uganda

Design and selection of peptides to block the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain by molecular docking

• Kendra Ramirez-Acosta,
• Ivan A. Rosales-Fuerte,
• J. Eduardo Perez-Sanchez,
• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Josue Juarez and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 699–711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.62

• currently one of the most contagious viruses in existence and the cause of the worst pandemic in this century, COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection begins with the recognition of the cellular receptor angiotensin converting enzyme-2 by its spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD). Thus, the use of small

• viruses. Keywords: angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2); antiviral peptides; hydrogen bonds; molecular docking; SARS-CoV-2 RBD; Introduction The current pandemic due to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2, has over 533 million of confirmed cases and over 6.3 million

• , indolicidin, and dermaseptin peptides have been used to neutralize viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and hepatitis B virus [9][10][11]. In order to find an effective peptide, it is important to reduce secondary effects by avoiding the binding with the major

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• activity against different viruses, including human cytomegalovirus [17], enterovirus 71 [18], H1N1 influenza virus [19], and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [6]. BBR has been shown to inhibit viral replication by specific targets and increase the host immune response for viral clearance [20]. Recent

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• painless and non-invasive method of drug delivery or sampling which can bypass the skin’s outermost layer, the stratum corneum (SC), without stimulating nerves, causing irritation, or initiating infections [2][3]. These miniature devices enable disease diagnosis and control testing beyond viruses to

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• ]. Biological scaffolds can be programmed through predictable chemical interactions, such as DNA base pairing, disulfide bond formation, and metal coordination, to form complex, well-defined nanostructures [5][6]. Viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs) possess many advantageous properties for biotemplating

• applications [7][8]. Many viruses and VLPs form monodisperse particles due to the natural capsid protein symmetry and inter-subunit interactions, as well as interactions with encapsidated genetic material [9][10]. Viruses can be obtained in high yields by propagation in host organisms, and viral capsid

Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals

• Xiaoyan Ma,
• Haoning Gong,
• Kenji Ogino,
• Xuehai Yan and
• Ruirui Xing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 284–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.23

• not only chelating intracellular transition metal ions for removing reactive oxygen species (ROS) [20], but also of activating antioxidant enzymes and the AMPK/NRF2 signal pathway [21], yielding sustainable scavenging of radicals. Myr can inherently increase body resistance to carcinogens, viruses

Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement

• Zafar Javed,
• Lybah Rafiq,
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer,
• Saqib Siddiqui,
• Muhammad Babar Ramzan,
• Muhammad Qamar Khan and
• Muhammad Salman Naeem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14

• [28], wound dressings [29], sound adsorption [30], cosmetics [31], and sensor devices [32][33][34]. In filtration processes, electrospun nanofibers can be employed for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the atmosphere. To protect people from bacteria, viruses, smog, and dust, nanofibers

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• from aqueous media [98]. UF membranes have pore diameters of 0.01–0.1 μm and a pressure of 1–10 bar is applied for the filtration. UF membranes are reported to have a high removal rate of turbidity, organic matters, parasites, and viruses as well [99]. NF membranes lie in the lower range of

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• synthesis also attract the attention of many researchers due to the “environmentally friendly” nature of these processes, promoted by involving biological systems or by being related directly to biological systems [20][23]. These methods use, among others, bacteria, fungi, viruses, yeasts, and plant

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• stress, temperature, and excess radiation and/or might represent a defense mechanism against, for example, insects or viruses [33][34][35]. When the leaves are rolled, the intensity of light reaching each underlying layer of the rolled-up leaf and the transpiration properties within each layer will be

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• learning and linear programming (an optimization method) for tracking single cells in live-cell imaging of both fluorescent and bright-field images of the cell cytoplasm [112]. Newby et al. developed a CNN for fully automated submicrometer-scale localization of particles such as viruses, proteins, and drug

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• proposed the idea of using microrobots in medical treatment. It has been envisioned that nanorobots could be implanted into human bodies to self-replicate and kill various viruses. Scientists have been more and more enthusiastic about the research on micro/nanorobots. The combination of micro/nanorobots

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• virucidal agent, places silver as one of the future biocidal candidates in the field of nanomedicine to eliminate bacteria and viruses, especially multidrug resistant ones. In this review, we have described the various morphologies of AgNPs and correlated the enhanced bactericidal activity with their

• various bacteria and viruses including the SARS-CoV-2 was analyzed in order to understand its effectiveness as an antimicrobial agent with therapeutic efficacy and low toxicity. Further, there is the need to characterize AgNPs and quantify the content of free Ag+ for the implementation of new systematic

• antibiotics is dramatically increasing and the World Health Organization (WHO) has marked this concern as one of the greatest threats to health [18]. It is known that viruses are a major cause of illness and death in the world. However, even after much effort, vaccines could not be developed against some

Imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells by helium ion microscopy

• Natalie Frese,
• Patrick Schmerer,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Matthias Schürmann,
• Matthias König,
• Michael Westphal,
• Friedemann Weber,
• Holger Sudhoff and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 172–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.13

• bioimaging, especially for the imaging of interactions between viruses and their host organisms. Keywords: bioimaging; cell membrane; charge compensation; helium ion microscopy; SARS-CoV-2; Vero E6 cells; Introduction The last decade of helium ion microscopy (HIM) was characterized by a rapid exploration

• field of cell biology for imaging various human and animal cells. These include cartilage [2], cancer [3], liver [4], kidney [5] and stem cells [6], as well as fibrin fibers [7]. To visualize viruses and their host organisms, HIM has so far been applied to image T4 phage-infected E. coli bacteria [8

• mammalian cells and indicate lipid nanodomains or caveolea [6]. Figure 1c shows an evaluation of the virus particle size in five arbitrarily chosen regions on the MOI 1 sample resulting in an average diameter of the virus particles of 75 ± 13 nm, noting that this value has been obtained from viruses after

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• compounds. The term used for addressing these methods is also referred to as “biological” synthesis. Previous studies have used bacteria [167][168][169][170], fungi [171][172][173][174], viruses [175][176], yeasts [177][178][179], plants [180][181][182][183] and plant extracts [166][184][185][186][187][188

• desired type of plant or organism [252], which is also called biological synthesis. Bio-based reducing agents include microorganisms or biologically produced material. Microorganisms consisting of viruses, microalgae, fungi, yeast, and bacteria were previously used to synthesize AgNPs. Unlike physical

• promising approach towards the production of AgNPs; however, the pathogenic behavior of the fungi and long synthesis periods compared to other green methods makes it inferior among green synthesis processes. 3.3 Plant virus template-mediated synthesis Plant-based viruses as biotemplates have been rarely

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• , HIM is not just an imaging technique. The ability to use the instrument for milling biological objects as small as viruses offers unique opportunities which are not possible with more conventional focused ion beams, such as gallium. Several pioneering technical developments, such as methods to couple

• the tiniest creatures that were obtained in these studies are discussed in the following. Virus particles/bacteriophages Bacteriophages are viruses that use bacteria as hosts, often causing lysis of the bacterial cell at the stage where new virus particles are released from the cell. For this reason

• systems. One more recent example was in a study by Sharma et al. [18] in which environmental sediment samples were imaged using HIM with findings of viruses attached to bacteria. For bacteriophage imaging, the strength of HIM lies not just in the resolution, which is higher than that of SEM, but in the

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• posts, as proposed by Coll De Peña et al. [25]. EK microscale techniques can be used to manipulate particles across several sizes [27], ranging from proteins [28][29][30], to viruses [31], cells [32][33], and parasites [34]. Traditionally, these type of studies at the microscale were labeled as DEP

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• metallic NPs due to their high efficiency against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Their high antimicrobial activity enables use in pharmaceutical, food, fabric, and packaging industries [97][98][99]. Nanda et al. (2018) obtained Ag NPs through green synthesis methods by using different extracts of the fungus

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• been previously summarized in several reports [54][78][79][80][81][82]. This review discusses an overview of the application of gold NCs in biosensing and bioimaging. Importantly, the sensing of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, in vitro imaging of cell lines and in vivo bioimaging using animal models

• Hepatitis C viruses with HIV-1 p24 antigen. The clinical validation using samples from HIV-positive tested patients also demonstrated the efficacy of AuNCIA detection and no false negatives were observed. This suggests that AuNCs with appropriate labeling and surface functionalization offer new avenues for

Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes

• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Pierrick G. J. Fournier,
• Danna L. Arellano,
• Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez,
• Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.28

• Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California, (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México 10.3762/bjnano.11.28 Abstract There is an increasing interest in the use of plant viruses as vehicles for anti-cancer therapy. In particular, the plant virus brome mosaic virus (BMV) and cowpea chlorotic mottle

• virus (CCMV) are novel potential nanocarriers for different therapies in nanomedicine. In this work, BMV and CCMV were loaded with a fluorophore and assayed on breast tumor cells. The viruses BMV and CCMV were internalized into breast tumor cells. Both viruses, BMV and CCMV, did not show cytotoxic

• ]. Recently, the use of VLPs with high loading capacity and biocompatibility has reached clinical stages [16][17]. Plant virus VLPs have received less attention, since for most of the viral vector developments bacteriophages and complex mammalian viruses are used. However, due to their easy production

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• [160][161], or by inducing bending of the plasma membrane [162][163], as already observed with certain viruses [164]. These changes in membrane dynamics might as well be a trigger for the endocytosis of nanoparticles via alternative mechanisms, which are not yet fully characterized. Extracting

• endosomal compartment, including – among others – via the so-called “proton sponge effect” [170][171]. Materials capable to induce this proton sponge effect started to find their application in vivo only recently [172]. Several other strategies are being developed, including some inspired by viruses and