Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• instance, graphene, CNTs, and buckypapers (10–25 µA·mM−1) [46][66][67], the external surface of functionalised HNTs (5.2 µA·mM−1) [20], a polymeric matrix (5 µA·mM−1) [68] or a chitosan-modified matrix (1.2 µA·mM−1) [69]. The crucial role of HNTs as protective containers for the enzymes was underlined by

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• , 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France 10.3762/bjnano.10.125 Abstract Sulfur- (S-CNT) and nitrogen-doped (N-CNT) carbon nanotubes have been produced by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (c-CVD) and were subject to an annealing treatment. These CNTs were used as supports for small (≈2 nm) Pt3M (M = Co or Ni

• support, in combination with ILs, is also important to achieve high Pt dispersion, and functionalized carbons should be preferred, presumably because of their stronger interaction with the IL [28]. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are well known for their remarkable chemical and physical properties and appear to

• be an interesting alternative to replace CB in fuel cell applications [29][30]. It has been described that CNTs could be used as resistant material to support nanostructured PtNi hollow particles, but it appears that the structure of the used CNT might be responsible for the large external diameter

Glucose-derived carbon materials with tailored properties as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Rafael Gomes Morais,
• Natalia Rey-Raap,
• José Luís Figueiredo and
• Manuel Fernando Ribeiro Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1089–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.109

• ], and some studies assume that both functionalities contribute to enhancing the performance of the materials towards ORR [20]. In addition, a recent study with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reported that an increase of the pyridinic-N/quaternary-N and pyridinic-N/pyrrolic-N ratios increases the

• , depends on the precursors used and the method of synthesis applied. Nitrogen-doped carbon materials have been synthesized by applying different doping methods to different types of materials, such as CNTs [12][23][26], graphene [20][25][27], carbon aerogels [15][28], carbon nanofibers [29], carbon

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a saturable absorber for giant chirped pulse generation

• Ji-Shu Liu,
• Xiao-Hui Li,
• Abdul Qyyum,
• Yi-Xuan Guo,
• Tong Chai,
• Hua Xu and
• Jie Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.107

• InGaAs/GaAs-on-GaAs superlattice as a SA to realize 1557 nm, 1.2 ps, transformation-limited pulse generation [9]. Following this, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, topological insulators (TIs), transition metal disulfides (TMDs) and black phosphorus (BP) were used as SAs to realize passively mode-locked

Direct growth of few-layer graphene on AlN-based resonators for high-sensitivity gravimetric biosensors

• Jimena Olivares,
• Teona Mirea,
• Lorena Gordillo-Dagallier,
• Bruno Marco,
• José Miguel Escolano,
• Marta Clement and
• Enrique Iborra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 975–984, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.98

• hydrophobic graphene, which prompted us to investigate the direct non-covalent binding of streptavidin to our bare graphene hydrophobic surfaces. According to [13], streptavidin binds to the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by means of hydrophobic interactions. It was expected it would bind also to

• graphene, which is comparable to unfolded CNTs. This significantly simplified the functionalization process, since the EDC/NHS incubation of the plasma-treated graphene was omitted. In the present experiment (Figure 7), after the graphene growth, the samples were mounted in the peristaltic pump system and

Synthesis of MnO₂–CuO–Fe₂O₃/CNTs catalysts: low-temperature SCR activity and formation mechanism

• Yanbing Zhang,
• Lihua Liu,
• Yingzan Chen,
• Xianglong Cheng,
• Chengjian Song,
• Mingjie Ding and
• Haipeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 848–855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.85

• Coal Salt Resources, Pingdingshan 467000, People′s Republic of China 10.3762/bjnano.10.85 Abstract MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs catalysts, as a low-dimensional material, were fabricated by a mild redox strategy and used in denitration reactions. A formation mechanism of the catalysts was proposed. NO

• conversions of 4% MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs catalyst of 43.1–87.9% at 80–180 °C were achieved, which was ascribed to the generation of amorphous MnO2, CuO and Fe2O3, and a high surface-oxygen (Os) content. Keywords: amorphous materials; carbon nanotubes; low-dimensional materials; low-temperature catalysis; SCR

• of electrostatic precipitator and desulfurizer, where the flue gas temperature is normally below 200 °C [9]. Therefore, it is of importance to develop a SCR catalyst with high catalytic activity below 200 °C. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a low-dimensional material, exhibit a one-dimensional tubular

Capillary force-induced superlattice variation atop a nanometer-wide graphene flake and its moiré origin studied by STM

• Loji K. Thomas and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 804–810, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.80

• is calculated in analogy to the energy of a collapsed carbon nanotube [17][30][49], Efold = k·a·l/2r2 where k is the curvature modulus (k = 1.4 eV for CNTs with radii smaller than 2.4 Å), a the arc length which is ≈ b = 15 nm, l the length of the curved region of 72 nm, and r the radius of curvature

Enhancement in thermoelectric properties due to Ag nanoparticles incorporated in Bi₂Te₃ matrix

• Srashti Gupta,
• Dinesh Chandra Agarwal,
• Bathula Sivaiah,
• Sankarakumar Amrithpandian,
• Kandasami Asokan,
• Ajay Dhar,
• Binaya Kumar Panigrahi,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Vinay Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 634–643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.63

• the uniform dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in Bi2Te3 [16]. Another group has also reported an enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient (S) in CNT/Bi2Te3 to 132 µV/K at 423 K [17]. In a recent report, a power factor of 43 µW·cm−1·K−2 for CuI-doped Bi2Te3 has been shown, which is higher than that

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• , pristine carbon nanotubes (CNTs) present some limitations for gas sensing. For example, carbon nanotube gas sensors often suffer from slow recovery, especially when operated at room temperature, which eventually results in baseline and response drift. For that reason, it is usually necessary to heat up the

• gas sensitive nanomaterial to higher temperatures [3] or to irradiate the sensor employing ultraviolet (UV) light, in order to promote surface cleaning. Despite these efforts, sometimes CNTs present irreversible resistance changes due to the chemisorption of gas molecules. In addition, other problems

• such as lack of selectivity, environmental variations (e.g., changes in humidity level) affecting sensor response, or the difficulty to detect gases characterized by low adsorption energies are often encountered [11]. In order to enhance their selectivity and/or their sensitivity, CNTs have been

A porous 3D-RGO@MWCNT hybrid material as Li–S battery cathode

• Yongguang Zhang,
• Jun Ren,
• Yan Zhao,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Fuxing Yin and
• Yichao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 514–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.52

• (3D-RGO), showing a reversible capacity of 790 mAh·g−1 (at 0.2C) after 200 cycles [26]. It has been reported that three-dimensional carbon nanotubes/graphene–sulfur (3DCGS) is an excellent cathode template, revealing a final capacity of 975 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles [24]. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• (CNTs) are considered to be a very interesting material, especially after being rediscovered by Sumio Iijima in 1991 when he found multiwalled CNTs in carbon soot prepared by arc discharge [1]. During the past years, CNTs have proved to possess extraordinary electrical, mechanical, physical and chemical

• tailoring the selectivity of CNTs towards target gases, one of the simplest consists of decorating the outer wall of CNTs with metal or metal oxide nanoparticles [6][7][8][9]. In some cases, metal or metal oxide nanoparticles show interesting catalytic properties for the decomposition of target molecules

• into more reactive species that, in turn, interact with CNTs. In addition, such nanoparticles shift the Fermi level of CNTs, adsorb target molecules, and help in mediating the charge transfer between adsorbates and CNTs [6][10]. Several metal oxides have been reported as useful for decorating CNTs and

Graphene–graphite hybrid epoxy composites with controllable workability for thermal management

• Idan Levy,
• Eyal Merary Wormser,
• Maxim Varenik,
• Matat Buzaglo,
• Roey Nadiv and
• Oren Regev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 95–104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.9

• TC enhancement, although at high loading [14][15]. Some graphitic fillers have theoretical TC values of up to several thousands of W/(m∙K) [16][17], making them natural candidates for use in TIMs. Within the group of graphitic fillers, it seemed likely that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) would be suitable

• graphene, a two-dimensional sheet of sp2-hybridized carbons, with a much lower filler-to-filler resistance than that of the CNTs [11][24][25]. In recent years, extensive studies have been conducted on graphite and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs, composed of several graphene layers, with thickness of up to

Accurate control of the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the electro-enzymatically controlled oxidation of biomolecules

• Naoual Allali,
• Veronika Urbanova,
• Mathieu Etienne,
• Xavier Devaux,
• Martine Mallet,
• Brigitte Vigolo,
• Jean-Joseph Adjizian,
• Chris P. Ewels,
• Sven Oberg,
• Alexander V. Soldatov,
• Edward McRae,
• Yves Fort,
• Manuel Dossot and
• Victor Mamane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2750–2762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.257

• surface of the CNTs. This system can be applied to biosensing, as exemplified for glucose detection. The well-controlled and well-characterized functionalization of essentially clean SWCNTs enabled us to establish the maximum level of impurity content, below which the f-SWCNT intrinsic electrochemical

• activity is not jeopardized. Keywords: biosensing; carbon nanotubes; covalent functionalization; electrocatalysis; ferrocene; Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been recognized as interesting candidates for developing electrochemical sensors for almost two decades [1][2][3]. They have been used to

• as biosensors: the water solubility and the cleanliness of employed CNTs in order to avoid misinterpreted results. The solubility of CNTs in water, a usual solvent for biosensors, is quite low. The strategies used to increase their water solubility have been either i) to chemically modify them by

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• graphitic carbon nitride [2][3], carbon nanodots [4], and two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites [5][6][7] are a few trending nanomaterials that have already found extensive applications in both environmental remediation and energy generation. In the past, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received a great

• deal of attention as materials for environmental remediation due to their impressive mechanical properties and superior adsorption capability. However, the need for non-renewable sources such as fossil fuel to produce CNTs remains a challenge. As of late, research progression in environmental science

• continues to push for materials which are renewable, biocompatible, and less toxic as a replacement for CNTs. Given the abundance of plant resources, plant extracts are the most studied category to date for the synthesis of green nanomaterials [8]. Cellulose, one of the most abundant natural polymers, has

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• -free catalyst for the ORR had not been considered feasible [9][10] until two fundamental milestones had risen the interest on carbon as an effective replacement of Pt for catalysis. The first one was the prediction of the remarkable electrical conducting properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in 1993

• vCNTs, to randomly oriented N-CNTs, and, in particular, to commercially available platinum-loaded carbon (Vulcan XC-72R), as reported in Figure 1. The electrochemical mechanism for the ORR was the same for aligned and disordered CNTs. The improved electrocatalytic performance of vCNTs was associated

• with a better-defined surface area of the aligned tips at the interface with the electrolyte solution, which facilitates the electrolyte/reactant diffusion. A strong enhancement of the currents was observed when comparing N-CNTs to undoped nanotubes. Furthermore, they demonstrated that the glassy N

Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

• Santhana Eswara,
• Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
• Brahime El Adib,
• Maël Guennou,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

• to differences in stopping power and sputter behaviour. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; helium ion microscope; ion irradiation; Raman; simulations; Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been investigated intensively due to their excellent properties [1]. Modifying and tuning them by electron or ion

• irradiation is part of these studies [2]. Irradiation-induced defects affect the elastic modulus and the tensile strength of CNTs [3]. For example, for multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), the presence of a small number of defects can increase the interlayer shear strength by several orders of magnitude [4

• ]. In general, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have the tendency to group in bundles. By electron irradiation the different CNTs can be linked by inter-tube bridging, which allows the bending modulus to be increased by a factor 30 [5]. Similar results can be obtained by ion irradiation. Si

SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

• Deepu J. Babu,
• Divya Puthusseri,
• Frank G. Kühl,
• Sherif Okeil,
• Michael Bruns,
• Manfred Hampe and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

• conditions), carbon-based adsorbents are particularly interesting for SO2 removal. In fact, activated carbon materials are one of the most widely used sorbents for SO2 recovery [1]. Over the past two decades, a rich family of different carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon

• –mesopores and are interesting for gas adsorption applications as they can be produced in large quantities with high purity [25][26]. CNTs have a well-defined structure as well and can be envisioned as a seamlessly rolled up graphene sheet. Since in a SWNT, the inside and the outside surfaces are available

• for adsorption, the theoretical surface area is in excess of 2500 m2/g [27]. However, in practice the surface area is much lower as CNTs seldom exist as isolated SWNTs but typically aggregate to form bundles that reduce the available surface area significantly. Depending on the synthesis method, the

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

• Yan Zhao,
• Zhengjun Liu,
• Liancheng Sun,
• Yongguang Zhang,
• Yuting Feng,
• Xin Wang,
• Indira Kurmanbayeva and
• Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

• ” or ”confine” the S atoms in the cathode, and, therefore, reduce any losses of S. As an excellent conductive agent, carbon-based materials, e.g., carbon black, graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have been widely used in Li/S composite cathode materials [3]. In addition, by doping with N and a

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• six sections. The optical and electrochemical characteristics of modified TiO2 photocatalysts are discussed in the first section. In the second section, we have reviewed how carbon-based advanced materials like reduced graphene oxide (RGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon dots (CDs) improve the

• (e.g., MFe2O4) results in a smaller arc radius of the Nyquist plot, as shown in Figure 6, and hence, better charge transport is observed [97]. Modification of TiO2 with carbon-based advanced materials Advanced carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and

• TiO2 modified with reduced graphene oxides (RGOs), CNTs and CDs. The various preparation methods of modified photocatalysts, conditions for photocatalytic reduction, source of illumination, percentage of Cr(VI) reduction and the superior performance of the composite photocatalysts in comparison with

New 2D graphene hybrid composites as an effective base element of optical nanodevices

• Olga E. Glukhova,
• Igor S. Nefedov,
• Alexander S. Shalin and
• Мichael М. Slepchenkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1321–1327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.125

• modelled by two graphene monolayers between which single-walled CNTs with different diameters were regularly arranged at different distances from each other. Spectra of the real and imaginary parts of the diagonal elements of the surface conductivity tensor for four topological models of the hybrid

• little investigated modifications of graphene is a 2D-hybrid composite composed of graphene monolayers and CNTs covalently bonded to them [5][6][7][8]. The hybrid 2D film exhibits high performance as photosensitive element of photodetectors in the range of 100–700 nm. It was found that a single photon

• absorbed by the film induces electron transport of 105 electrons, and the response time amounts to ca. 100 microseconds [9]. It should be noted that modern synthesis technologies for such composites have allowed us to provide “cross-linking” between CNTs and graphene during synthesis without further

The electrical conductivity of CNT/graphene composites: a new method for accelerating transmission function calculations

• Olga E. Glukhova and
• Dmitriy S. Shmygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1254–1262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.117

• (CNTs)/graphene. The electrical conductance of different models of this material was calculated in two mutually perpendicular directions. Regularities in resistance values were found. Keywords: carbon composites; electronic properties; interpolation; quantum transport; transmission function

• . The Fermi level is in the interval (−4.88 eV; −4.73 eV), that is, it is shifted downward compared to ideal CNTs of the same diameter (−4.66 eV). Conductance and resistance behave non-monotonically. It can be said that the resistance oscillates around a value of 12 kΩ in the Y-direction for single

Electrostatic force spectroscopy revealing the degree of reduction of individual graphene oxide sheets

• Yue Shen,
• Ying Wang,
• Yuan Zhou,
• Chunxi Hai,
• Jun Hu and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1146–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.106

• sheets [23], carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [24] and so on. SPFM [25] and electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) [26] have revealed a step-by-step reduction process in GO sheets. However, when the reduction reactions are completed, it is hard for these methods to identify the small difference between GO sheets

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• morphologies such as hollow tubes, ellipsoids or spheres. Fullerenes (C60), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers, carbon black, graphene (Gr), and carbon onions are included under the carbon-based NMs category. Laser ablation, arc discharge, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are the important

• town, the main source of atmospheric micro- and nanoparticles is automobile exhaust [88]. Amongst the types of automobile exhaust, diesel engines release 20–130 nm sized particles whereas gasoline engines release 20–60 nm sized particles [89][90]. It has been found that CNTs and fibers are released as

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties

• Rasha Ghunaim,
• Maik Scholz,
• Christine Damm,
• Bernd Rellinghaus,
• Rüdiger Klingeler,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Michael Mertig and
• Silke Hampel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1024–1034, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.95

• Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany Kurt-Schwabe-Institut für Mess- und Sensortechnik e.V. Meinsberg, 04736 Waldheim, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.9.95 Abstract In the present work, we demonstrate different synthesis procedures for filling carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with equimolar binary nanoparticles of the type Fe

• –Co. The CNTs act as templates for the encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles and provide a protective shield against oxidation as well as prevent nanoparticle agglomeration. By variation of the reaction parameters, we were able to tailor the sample purity, degree of filling, the composition and size

• -filled CNTs show significant enhancement in the coercive field as compared to the corresponding bulk material, which make them excellent candidates for several applications such as magnetic storage devices. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; crystal structure; encapsulation; Fe–Co binary nanoparticles

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• catalyst supports for nitric oxide (NO) removal through selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with ammonia are examined in this review. A number of carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), activated carbon (AC), and graphene (GR) and non-carbon-based materials, such as Zeolite Socony Mobil–5

• catalysts have been widely studied due to their high surface area, porosity, ability to regenerate and be reused, and good support properties [17]. Several metal oxides were impregnated with carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), activated carbon (AC), activated carbon nanofibres (ACNFs

• materials are found suitable for use in most catalytic process applications. Although carbonious materials have traditionally been used as supports for catalysts in heterogeneous catalytic processes, they are becoming more familiar as catalysts of their own [63][64][65]. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), activated