Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

• Yan Zhao,
• Zhengjun Liu,
• Liancheng Sun,
• Yongguang Zhang,
• Yuting Feng,
• Xin Wang,
• Indira Kurmanbayeva and
• Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

• large number of mesopores. Unlike ZnO@NCNT reported in the current work, which binds sulfur to the surface, INC encapsulates sulfur inside the pore structure and therefore provides a higher specific capacity. However, INC does not have ZnO-rich active sites and is prone to damage upon the intercalation

Correlative electrochemical strain and scanning electron microscopy for local characterization of the solid state electrolyte Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃

• Nino Schön,
• Deniz Cihan Gunduz,
• Shicheng Yu,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Roland Schierholz and
• Florian Hausen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1564–1572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.148

• structure, exhibits an anisotropic reaction upon lithium intercalation; the a-axis contracts while the c-axis expands with the transformation from LiTi2(PO4)3 to Li3Ti2(PO4)3 [32]. Hence, LATP might show similar behavior upon (de)-lithiation and its electrostatic interaction can be expected to be strongly

Blister formation during graphite surface oxidation by Hummers’ method

• Olga V. Sinitsyna,
• Georgy B. Meshkov,
• Anastasija V. Grigorieva,
• Alexander A. Antonov,
• Inna G. Grigorieva and
• Igor V. Yaminsky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 407–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.40

• Hummers’ method and investigated by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. HAPG was used as a graphite precursor because its surface after cleavage contains well-ordered millimeter-sized regions. The treatment resulted in graphite intercalation by sulfuric acid and blister formation all over the

• microscopy (AFM); graphene; graphite intercalation compounds (GICs); graphite oxide (GO); highly annealed pyrolythic graphite (HAPG); Introduction Graphite oxide (GO) and its single-layer derivative, graphene oxide, are of great importance due to their potential applications as a part of supercapacitors

• involves the intercalation of molecules and ions between the carbon layers, the sp2-lattice charging and oxidation [6]. The understanding of these processes is crucial for the reproducible synthesis of GO with desired structure and properties. The larger graphite flakes are used to produce GO, the more

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• crystallinity (nanocrystals) representing a mixture of anatase and rutile phases. The structures exhibit improved adsorption and photocatalytic activity as a result of hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes (i.e., TiCl4 hydrolysis products) in a solution with a concentration

• . Keywords: adsorption; intercalation; mesoporosity; photocatalytic activity; pillared montmorillonite; titanium oxide; Introduction Titanium dioxide in its nanometer-sized form is one of the most promising modern photocatalysts [1]. However, the use of pure TiO2 nanoparticles is hindered by some

• makes it possible to effectively control the formation of titanium polycations by the dynamic scattering of a laser beam. Furthermore, applying titanium polycations for the MM intercalation process promotes a more uniform distribution of the precursor on the inner surface of a layered matrix. Recently

Ab initio study of adsorption and diffusion of lithium on transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers

• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2711–2718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.270

• between the different phases occurs during the synthesis process and lithium/sodium intercalation [26][27][28]. Sun et al. [29] have studied the effect of electron doping on the stability of 2H- and 1T'-MoS2, and showed that electron doping can stabilize the crystal structure of 1T'-MoS2. The crystalline

Photobleaching of YOYO-1 in super-resolution single DNA fluorescence imaging

• Joseph R. Pyle and
• Jixin Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2296–2306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.229

• preference. Its fluorescent brightness at visible wavelengths is enhanced over 1,000-fold upon intercalation into DNA as compared to free YOYO-1 in water [13][14][15], which has triggered a revolution in DNA labeling since the 1990s [16]. YOYO-1 has been one of the major dyes used for super-resolution DNA

Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• located at 1.5 to 1.3 V and 1.1 V are observed, which correspond to lithium-ion intercalation into the α-Fe2O3 matrix with a multistep electrochemical reaction associated with the phase transformation from LixFe2O3 to cubic Li2Fe2O3 [38]. Subsequently, an intense peak at 0.78 V is presented, indicating

• slopes for the first charge curve from the starting voltage to around 1.2 V and from around 1.1 V to 0.8 V, which corresponds to the intercalation of lithium into α-Fe2O3, resulting in LixFe2O3 and cubic Li2Fe2O3, respectively [11][37]. A strong, pronounced plateau at around 0.8 V indicates the reduction

Intercalation of Si between MoS₂ layers

• Rik van Bremen,
• Qirong Yao,
• Soumya Banerjee,
• Deniz Cakir,
• Nuri Oncel and
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1952–1960, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.196

• . (Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 2096–2101) that silicon forms a highly strained epitaxial layer on MoS2. Finally, density functional theory calculations indicate that silicene clusters encapsulated by MoS2 are stable. Keywords: intercalation; molybdenum disulfide; scanning tunneling microscopy; silicene; two

• found a similar height variation using density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the intercalation of a single silicon layer in between two MoS2 layers. These calculations are discussed after the presentation of the experimental results. It is immediately obvious from Figure 1f that the transition

• between the MoS2 layers. In addition, we also conclude that the intercalated Si can be oxidized. It is well known that numerous elements have a strong tendency to intercalate between MoS2 layers [49][50]. As for the intercalation mechanism of silicon in between MoS2 layers, we can only speculate. A

Freestanding graphene/MnO₂ cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Şeyma Özcan,
• Aslıhan Güler,
• Tugrul Cetinkaya,
• Mehmet O. Guler and
• Hatem Akbulut

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1932–1938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.193

•  6c). The specific capacity of both graphene-reinforced β-MnO2 and γ-MnO2 electrodes decreased dramatically with increasing number of cycles. This could be attributed to the poor electrical conductivity and the textural modification during Li+ intercalation and de-intercalation processes. Cheng et. al

Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene

• Naum Naveh,
• Olga Shepelev and
• Samuel Kenig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1909–1918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.191

• an epoxy resin containing surface-active agents (SAAs) enhanced the intercalation of epoxy monomer between EG layers and led to further exfoliation of the graphite, resulting in stacks of few graphene layers, so-called “stacked” graphene (SG). This process enabled electrical conductivity of cured

• -cost conductive alternative [7]. GNPs can be produced by intercalation of the graphitic layers with an appropriate agent followed by exfoliation of the graphite flakes. Exfoliation is obtained by rapid heating resulting in conversion of the intercalant to a gas phase forcing the adjacent graphene

• exfoliating graphite treated by a mixture of H2SO4/HNO3/KMnO4 at a ratio of 1:9:3:0.44 over an immersing time of 150 min in formic acid [10]. Intercalation with 98% HNO3 followed by hydrolysis resulted in the the formation of graphite nitrate with negligible damage to the sp2 graphite lattice. An interlayer

Development of a nitrogen-doped 2D material for tribological applications in the boundary-lubrication regime

• Shende Rashmi Chandrabhan,
• Velayudhanpillai Jayan,
• Somendra Singh Parihar and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1476–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.147

• intercalation of –OH and –COOH functional groups in the graphite layers. N-rGO shows a broad peak from ca. 15° to 36° with a d-spacing of 0.37 nm. The decrease in the interlayer spacing from 0.79 to 0.37 nm suggests the removal of oxygen-containing functional groups from the GO interlayer during exfoliation [40

Fabrication of hierarchically porous TiO₂ nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning and their application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

• Jin Zhang,
• Yibing Cai,
• Xuebin Hou,
• Xiaofei Song,
• Pengfei Lv,
• Huimin Zhou and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1297–1306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.131

• polymorphs of TiO2, the anatase polymorph possesses an open crystal structure resulting from the stacking of zigzag units, which would benefit the intercalation/deintercalation of Li+ ions. Figure 4 displays the surface SEM images of sample A1 (a), sample B1 (c), and sample C1 (e) as well as cross-sectional

• 0.1 mV/s are shown in Figure S1 (Supporting Information File 1). Sample A2 has obvious reduction and oxidation peaks at about 1.49 and 2.33 V. The reduction peak corresponded to the intercalation of Li+ into interstitial octahedral sites of anatase TiO2 via a phase transition from tetragonal anatase

• irreversible intercalation of Li+ into TiO2 nanofibers [30]. The capacity remains relatively stable in the following cycles. The 100th discharge (charge) capacity of sample A2 and solid TiO2 nanofibers were 264.56 (261.61) and 198.96 (198.12) mAh·g−1, respectively. It is apparent that the cycling performance

Adsorption characteristics of Er₃N@C₈₀on W(110) and Au(111) studied via scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy

• Sebastian Schimmel,
• Zhixiang Sun,
• Danny Baumann,
• Denis Krylov,
• Nataliya Samoylova,
• Alexey Popov,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Christian Hess

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1127–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.114

• center [4]. Dependent on the cluster composition and due to the intercalation inside a protecting carbon cage, intriguing properties emerge. For instance, single molecular magnetism was observed for DySc2N@C80 [5] and conductance switching by tunneling current induced cluster rotations between chiral

Growth, structure and stability of sputter-deposited MoS₂ thin films

• Reinhard Kaindl,
• Bernhard C. Bayer,
• Roland Resel,
• Thomas Müller,
• Viera Skakalova,
• Gerlinde Habler,
• Rainer Abart,
• Alexey S. Cherevan,
• Dominik Eder,
• Maxime Blatter,
• Fabian Fischer,
• Jannik C. Meyer,
• Dmitry K. Polyushkin and
• Wolfgang Waldhauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.113

• towards controlled deposition of MoS2 for HER including control over crystalline and amorphous structure, metallic 1T polymorph, vertically aligned structures, molecular mimics for MoS2 edge sites, doping, intercalation and hybrid formation have been undertaken (e.g., [18] and references therein). In

• , where we hypothesise that this S-enrichment may (partly) cause the unusual metallic-like character. Second, besides variations in the Mo/S stoichiometry, additional add-atom species which could be incorporated during the PVD process could result in doping effects in the MoS2 films. Intercalation [21][48

• partly linked with add-atom incorporation or intercalation, also local variations in the structure of MoS2 layers could affect conduction: An expanded interlayer distance of 9.4 Å from molecular intercalation was previously shown to modify the electronic structure of layered MoS2 and to improve catalytic

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• ], electrochemical deposition, and reverse micelle transition [107]. Other vanadium oxides have been studied for their interesting phase change characteristics. Unlike the other oxides of vanadium, VO2 is quite stable during lithium intercalation–deintercalation cycles and has been regarded as a promising electrode

Dispersion of single-wall carbon nanotubes with supramolecular Congo red – properties of the complexes and mechanism of the interaction

• Anna Jagusiak,
• Barbara Piekarska,
• Tomasz Pańczyk,
• Małgorzata Jemioła-Rzemińska,
• Elżbieta Bielańska,
• Barbara Stopa,
• Grzegorz Zemanek,
• Janina Rybarska,
• Irena Roterman and
• Leszek Konieczny

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 636–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.68

• , antigen-bound antibodies, cell-surface receptors) [29][34][35]. Congo red supramolecular assemblies can incorporate (through intercalation) other molecules – especially those containing planar, aromatic rings – e.g., doxorubicin, rhodamine B, other bis-azo dyes [36][37][38]. Thus CR could play a role of a

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• , BP32229 44322 Nantes cedex 3, France 10.3762/bjnano.7.191 Abstract Increasing attention has been devoted to the design of layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based hybrid materials. In this work, we demonstrate the intercalation by anion exchange process of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and three different

• counterions (MgAl-NO3 LDH). At basic pH, the copolymer chains (macroRAFT agents) carry negative charges which allowed the establishment of electrostatic interactions with the LDH interlayer and their intercalation. The resulting hybrid macroRAFT/LDH materials displayed an expanded interlamellar domain

• compared to pristine MgAl-NO3 LDH from 1.36 nm to 2.33 nm. Depending on the nature of the units involved into the macroRAFT copolymer (only AA or AA and BA), the intercalation led to monolayer or bilayer arrangements within the interlayer space. The macroRAFT intercalation and the molecular structure of

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• [28][31]. The melts of linear or cross-linked PVA served as carbon source. We investigated the influence of composition and micro/nanomorphology of the carbonaceous coatings obtained by the pyrolysis of various kinds of PVA on the kinetics of lithium intercalation–deintercalation and the

• nanocomposites were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CVA) to estimate the influence of carbon coatings on the lithium intercalation–deintercalation in Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x (Figure 4). Concerning the LNM/C composites, the cathodic peaks are substantially narrower than the ones for pure Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x. In the

• case of LNM/C composites, the lithium intercalation is almost completely finished at 3.64 V, but for pure Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x it takes place over a wider potential range. It means that the carbon nanocoatings enable the polarization decrease upon lithium intercalation [23]. After galvanostatic cycling

Controlled supramolecular structure of guanosine monophosphate in the interlayer space of layered double hydroxide

• Gyeong-Hyeon Gwak,
• Istvan Kocsis,
• Yves-Marie Legrand,
• Mihail Barboiu and
• Jae-Min Oh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1928–1935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.184

• LDHs. The intercalation conditions such as GMP/LDH molar ratio and reaction temperature were systematically adjusted. When the GMP/LDH molar ratio was 1:2, which corresponds to the charge balance between positive LDH sheets and GMP anions, GMP molecules were well-intercalated to LDH. At high

• intercalation of GMP into the interlayer space of LDH, we set the reaction temperature at 80 °C, and varied the GMP/Al3+ (in LDH) ratio to 1:0.25, 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:10. According to the adsorption isotherm, we found that GMP adsorption (or intercalation) to LDH follows Langmuir adsorption (Supporting

• signals. The result suggested that the supramolecular structure in GL-R was asymmetric and possibly ribbon-like. In order to verify that the intact structure of GMP is preserved after intercalation into LDH, we carried out Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. As shown in Figure 6a, GMP (a

Evolution of the graphite surface in phosphoric acid: an AFM and Raman study

• Rossella Yivlialin,
• Luigi Brambilla,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Carlo Spartaco Casari,
• Matteo Passoni,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Chiara Castiglioni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1878–1884, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.180

• have been used traditionally for the intercalation of anions in graphite in order to produce graphene [1]. At a given electrochemical potential, suitably defined for a given acid, the layer–layer interaction in the graphene crystal is reduced, facilitating a delamination. In general, after the

• by graphite oxidation [7][8]. HClO4 solutions show a similar phenomenology during intercalation of anions [7]. In particular, the evolution of blisters as a function of time has been analyzed in the past [9][10], supporting the theoretical model proposed by Murray [11]. H3PO4 is another solvent that

• pristine graphite), conversely to what is observed when sulfuric and perchloric acids are used in the electrolytic solutions. In the latter cases, (nano-)protrusion and blisters characterize the graphite surface after the EC intercalation [7]. Nevertheless, some blisters, randomly distributed on the

Effective intercalation of zein into Na-montmorillonite: role of the protein components and use of the developed biointerfaces

• Ana C. S. Alcântara,
• Margarita Darder,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1772–1782, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.170

• /bjnano.7.170 Abstract Biohybrid materials based on the intercalation of zein, the major storage protein in corn, into sodium-exchanged montmorillonite were prepared following two synthesis strategies. The first one made use of zein dissolved in 80% (v/v) ethanol/water solution, the usual solvent for this

• silicate when an aqueous dispersion of montmorillonite is added to the ethanol medium containing both phases. The diverse steps in this second route were investigated individually in order to understand the underlying mechanism that drives to the intercalation of this complex hydrophobic biomacromolecule

• (typically Na+ and Ca2+) located in the interlayer region [3]. These interlayer cations are exchangeable by treatment with diverse cationic species, being the reason of its extensive use in the development of hybrid materials by ion-exchange intercalation reactions. Since 1950 when Talibudeen reported on the

Comparison of the interactions of daunorubicin in a free form and attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes with model lipid membranes

• Dorota Matyszewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.46

• in the treatment of various types of cancer including leukemia, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung carcinoma and several sarcomas (Figure 1). Its mode of action consists in the intercalation into DNA double strand, which leads to the inhibition of the process of duplication and transcription of mRNA

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

Counterion effects on nano-confined metal–drug–DNA complexes

• Nupur Biswas,
• Sreeja Chakraborty,
• Alokmay Datta,
• Munna Sarkar,
• Mrinmay K. Mukhopadhyay,
• Mrinal K. Bera and
• Hideki Seto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 62–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.7

• to the absence of any such short-range interactions, the intercalation of the Cu(II) complex of piroxicam is allowed, quite similar to the case of bulk solution. This is shown in Figure 5a. In presence of counterions, the phosphate groups of the DNA backbone get neutralized. This causes two effects

Green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of natural bentonite-supported copper nanoparticles for the solvent-free synthesis of 1-substituted 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles and reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Akbar Rostami-Vartooni,
• Mohammad Alizadeh and
• Mojtaba Bagherzadeh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2300–2309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.236

• distributed and stable metal NPs. In recent decades, the use of natural bentonites has been studied due to their high specific surface area, low cost, ordered structure, thermal stability, high safety, high exchange capacity and intercalation abilities [8]. Smectites are major clay minerals in bentonite with