Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• For neural networks based on the considered G-neurons, tunable elements with linear current-to-flux transformation (linear inductors) and memory properties are extremely important [50][51]. Tunability of the inductance l in Figure 1b allows for an in situ switching between operating modes directly on

• carriers (Cooper pairs or superconducting correlations). This approach is the basis of the concept of our tunable in situ Gauss-neuron. A similar idea is used in kinetic inductance devices, which are based on thin superconducting strips [53][54]. They are commonly used for the design of photon detectors

• to adjust the parameters of the studied Gauss-cell (with Gaussian-like activation function) is very important for in situ switching between operating modes. Using microscopic modeling, we have shown that the desired compact tunable passive element can be implemented in the form of a controllable

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• mechanical stability, and can, thus, be easily damaged during production, storage, and measurement. These disadvantages can be avoided by using an in situ growth process of CuO nanostructures directly on a copper substrate, in the presence of certain surfactants or additives. This method makes it possible to

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• . Electrode materials include diamond, SiC, Si, and Ge. Table 3 summarizes nanowire materials commonly used for NEM switches. The research on NWs-NEM switches can be classified into two types, namely manufacturing techniques and in situ techniques. In the former, the switches are first processed by top-down

• a lateral spacing of 50 nm. The pull-in voltage was −1.8 V and the switching ratio was 105. However, the introduction of heavy doping will increase the risk of failure. In situ technique: In 2010, Andzane et al. [14] used the in situ technique to characterize Mo6S3I6 NW electrodes. The Mo6S3I6 beam

• electrode gap of 6 μm. Kosmaca et al. [39] studied the electrostatic pull-in of Bi2Se3 NW electrodes and determined that the pull-in voltage was 3 V. This technique provides a new method for the connection between the intermediate layer of ITO and the electrode. In [10], they also used the in situ technique

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• equipped with controlled release systems for chondrogenic differentiation is a major concern of recent investigations. Ansboro et al. have developed a hyaluronan-based chondromimetic microsphere system to deliver transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-β3) growth factor for in situ chondrogenic

• growth factors and enables in situ spatial differentiation of MSCs to repair osteochondral defects [23]. It has been reported that microsphere-based structures could be efficiently used for gradient formation [24] and dual growth factor delivery [25]. Microspheres can be incorporated throughout the

• -functionalized NPs could potentially yield a sustained release of growth factors over several weeks [57], in addition to improved stability of the growth factor structure and function [58], both of which are necessary properties for cartilage TE programs. Growth factor supplementation for the in situ

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• function for the scattering intensity to deduce a size distribution spectrum based on signal intensity (or a calculated size distribution based on volume or number of particles). While SEM analysis can provide key insights into the “as manufactured” state, DLS provides insights into the in situ state of

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• ablated A375 melanoma cells by inducing overt apoptosis. Consistently, in vivo studies using BALB/c mice found that intratumoral administration of Fe3O4 NPCs and concomitant in situ exposure to near-infrared light significantly inhibited the growth of implanted tumor xenografts. Finally, we revealed, by

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• corrosion conditions. Recently, we investigated nanoscale friction on a Zr63Ni22Ti15 (ZrNiTi) MG in phosphate buffer after electrochemical polarization [21]. Our results demonstrated a new method to investigate in situ the structure of surface oxide films grown upon polarization in aqueous solutions using

• , nanotribological in situ experiments are implemented to reveal microscopic corrosion processes. Results and Discussion Potentiodynamic polarisation tests Phosphate buffer and NaCl solution were selected as test solutions because of their differences in corrosion of ZrNiTi MGs. Figure 1a shows potentiodynamic

• offers unique methods to resolve the microscopic corrosion process in situ. Although results were reported here for metallic glasses, we suggest that the study of surface layers and charges by nanotribology can be extended to the understanding of corrosion mechanisms in other metal and alloy systems

Thermal oxidation process on Si(113)-(3 × 2) investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

• Hiroya Tanaka,
• Shinya Ohno,
• Kazushi Miki and
• Masatoshi Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.12

• the literature. Initial oxidation processes were identified based on high-resolution STM images. Keywords: high-index Si surface; in situ measurement; oxidation; scanning tunneling microscopy (STM); Introduction High-index silicon surfaces have drawn considerable interest for their usefulness in

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• oil to spill into water reservoirs. The lipophilic nature of the oil results in the accumulation of oil–water emulsions. Chemical treatments, mechanical recovery, in situ burning, and bioremediation are some of the primary clean-up methodologies for oil spills [65]. ENH membranes have found

• surfactant-stabilized emulsions, respectively, was observed and obtained solely under the force of gravity [69]. Shang et al. developed superhydrophobic and superoleophilic nanofibrous membranes from electrospun CA with a novel in situ polymerized fluorinated polybenzoxazine (F-PBZ) functional layer with

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• photoinduced electrons from the CB of BiOBr to that of SnO2, thus prolonging the lifetime of photogenerated electron–hole pairs (Figure 8). The NO-to-NO2 conversion and intermediates and products were confirmed via in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy during NO oxidation [70

• environmental treatment [71]. A similar model, a Z-scheme photocatalyst, was reported by Lu et al. who successfully fabricated a ternary nanohybrid consisting of mesoporous SnO2, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCDs), and ZnSn(OH)6 using a simple in situ solvothermal method. This nanohybrid photocatalyst

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Rouhollah Khodadust,
• Ozlem Unal and
• Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

• sensitivity the results obtained from TEM are usually more reliable [52]. The XRD pattern of SPION@bPEI synthesized in situ indicates a crystalline magnetite structure composed of both magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (Fe2O3), including nanoparticles (Figure 1c). Considering only XRD patterns it would be

• difficult to distinguish the percentage of magnetite and maghemite in magnetic nanoparticles. However, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analysis can be applied to overcome this problem. According to EPR spectroscopy results, SPION@bPEI nanoparticles synthesized in situ were composed of 23

• , holds great potential for effective gene/drug delivery coupled with dual-mode imaging. a) TEM image of SPION@bPEI. b) AFM micrograph image of SPION@bPEI (magnetic mode). c) X-ray diffraction pattern of SPION@bPEI prepared via the in situ coating method. Since the presence of the polymer prevented the

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Design aspects of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ THz sources: optimization of thermal and radiative properties

• Mikhail M. Krasnov,
• Natalia D. Novikova,
• Roger Cattaneo,
• Alexey A. Kalenyuk and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1392–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.103

• results of in situ THz generation-detection experiment on a whisker-based device. We follow the procedure developed in [14], where details of the technique can be found. We use one mesa with the I–V like in Figure 2a as a generator, and another mesa on the same device as a switching current detector. The

Alteration of nanomechanical properties of pancreatic cancer cells through anticancer drug treatment revealed by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoteng Liang,
• Shuai Liu,
• Xiuchao Wang,
• Dan Xia and
• Qiang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1372–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.101

• under (almost) physiological conditions in situ. It offers nanoscale force sensitivity, the ability to work in liquid phases, and requires no staining [12][13][14]. With the development of AFM, researchers have been able to conduct extensive research on biological issues through imaging the

• cells. The Young’s modulus of AsPC-1 cells is the smallest while that of the BxPC-3 cells is the highest. This is because AsPC-1 cells are metastatic cancer cells, which are more aggressive than the in situ cancer cells BxPC-3. This finding is consistent with previously reported results [12][31][32

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Jakub Czubek,
• Katarzyna Drozdowska,
• Anna Synak,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

• :Eu, and TiO2:Eu layers was conducted at 200 °C. The pressure in the chamber was approximately 0.2 Pa and the distance between target and substrate was approximately 10 cm. The sputtering system was equipped with a quartz crystal microbalance for the in situ measurements of film thickness. In order to

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• interstitial fluid for point-of-care clinical diagnostics. As sensitive, rapid, early diagnosis and treatment of diseases are often critical, microneedle patches may soon play a vital role in point-of-care theranostics. By integrating microneedles with microfluidic chips capable of in situ measurements of

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• undergo a sodiation process to form Na2S2. Then, the Na2S2 intermediate is converted to Na2S. Another remarkable electrocatalyst are gold nanodots, as reported by Wang et al. [49]. The in situ synchrotron XRD results show that gold can effectively catalyze the transformation of Na2S4 into Na2S in the

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

• Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

• irradiated as well as the non-irradiated area of the TEM lamella. For TEM lamella preparation, the irradiated area was immediately covered with a protective layer in situ, making oxidation unlikely. The angles between the reflections were measured to be α = 55° and β = 62° and the ratio of distances

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• successfully employed hBN to investigate the pristine properties of particular molecules. Schaal et al. [86] showed that hBN on Ni(111) electronically decoupled tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene such that the molecular vibronic progression was observable by in situ differential reflectance spectroscopy, which is

In situ transport characterization of magnetic states in Nb/Co superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Olena M. Kapran,
• Roman Morari,
• Taras Golod,
• Evgenii A. Borodianskyi,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Andrei Prepelita,
• Nikolay Klenov,
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 913–923, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.68

• demonstrate how FORC can be used for detailed in situ characterization of magnetic states. It reveals that upon reduction of the external field, the magnetization in ferromagnetic layers first rotates in a coherent scissor-like manner, then switches abruptly into the antiparallel state and after that splits

• unconventional odd-frequency spin-triplet order parameter should appear. The non-hysteretic nature of this state allows for reversible tuning of the magnetic orientation. Thus, we identify the range of parameters and the procedure for in situ control of devices based on S/F heterostructures. Keywords: cryogenic

• memory elements and spin valves [22][29][34][39][40][41][42][43]. The need for establishing experimental characterization techniques for the in situ monitoring of magnetic states in S/F micro- and nanoscale devices is our main motivation. Here we study experimentally in-plane transport properties of

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• ). Thiocholine was generated in situ by basic hydrolysis of its acetyl ether in sodium carbonate buffer at pH 10.8. The supports were soaked for 30 min in the corresponding reagent solution, washed with deionized water, and dried. Treatment with doubly charged metal ions was carried out in 5 mg/mL Cu sulfate or

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• with neon, sputtering at higher rates is made possible while retaining a small probe size. This has also opened the door to in situ materials analysis in the HIM using secondary ion mass spectrometry [8]. Further forms of materials analysis using the HIM include techniques based on the collection of

• introduction of lattice vacancy defects, and with an increase in the average interatomic distances due to swelling, that is, a magnetovolume effect. And in a recent report implementing in situ current–voltage characterization, site-selective helium ion irradiation of cobalt-based magnetic multilayer structures

• specimens were irradiated at room temperature with known doses of helium ions to generate the gas bubble superlattice (Figure 3c) and subsequently nanomechanical compression testing of the implanted structures was performed by in situ TEM to enable direct and quantitative observation of the superlattice

Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production

• Zhao-Qi Sheng,
• Yu-Qin Xing,
• Yan Chen,
• Guang Zhang,
• Shi-Yong Liu and
• Long Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 607–623, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.50

• absorption (400–700 nm) and high photogenerated charge separation rate [101]. This heterojunction realized an AQY of up to 7.5% at 420 nm. By in situ solvothermal growth of CdS nanoparticles on ultrathin polyimide (PI) nanosheets, Zou et al. [102] achieved a HER of 30.65 μmol h−1 (50 mg) with 15% CdS/PI as

Local stiffness and work function variations of hexagonal boron nitride on Cu(111)

• Abhishek Grewal,
• Yuqi Wang,
• Matthias Münks,
• Klaus Kern and
• Markus Ternes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 559–565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.46

• ) sample to 980 K and exposing it to 25 L of borazine (HBNH3) gas (Katchem spol s.r.o.). h-BN grows in a self-terminating growth process [19]. It is then transferred in situ to the nc-AFM for characterisation. (a.) Scheme of the experiment. (b.) Large-scale (200 × 125 nm2) constant-current (I = 20 pA, V