Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• carbonate, sucrose, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 25%), 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer, isopropanol, tetrachloroauric acid, trypsin, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), HEPES sodium salt, Triton™ X-100, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) tablets, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• phosphate-buffered saline (10 mg mL−1, 1.3 mL) was added to the reaction mixture that was incubated for another 2 h. To remove excess low molecular weight substances and unbound molecules of HSA, the final solution was washed with distilled water on 100 kDa MWCO centrifugal filters (Amicon, USA) until the

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• Sigma (USA) and Cy7.5 NHS ester was purchased from Nanocs (USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), trypsin-EDTA (0.25%), high glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and penicillin-streptomycin were purchased from Gibco (CA, USA). The MTT cell proliferation and

• of the tumor two weeks after tumor-cell inocculation. Tumor-bearing mice were then randomly divided into three groups (NP, PNP and control group, n = 4) and received an injection of NPs, PNPs (20 mg of Fe/kg) or an equal volume of saline via the tail vein, respectively. Subsequently, T2-weighted MR

• after nanoprobe injection, the tumor-bearing mice were sacrificed according to the previously described methods using heart perfusion with saline and the major organs (brain, heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney) were sampled for ex vivo fluorescence imaging by an IVIS spectrum imaging system [27

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• were regularly tested for absence of mycoplasma by means of a direct DNA dye test [85]. When the cells reached 80% confluence, the culture medium was removed with a pipette; the cells were washed once with sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS), detached from the flask by adding trypsin/EDTA (0.25

Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells

• Hannah Onafuye,
• Sebastian Pieper,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Klaus Langer and
• Martin Michaelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166

• cells. Experimental Reagents and chemicals HSA and glutaraldehyde were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany). Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Biochrom GmbH (Berlin, Germany). Doxorubicin was obtained from LGC Standards GmbH (Wesel, Germany). All

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• functionalise the nanoparticles with FluPep ligand, this was incorporated into the initial ligand mix at the molar fraction indicated in the figure legends. The ligand mixture was added to 900 µL (gold or silver) nanoparticles and vortex-mixed. Once mixed, 100 µL of 10× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS: 137 mM

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• obtained from Promega Corporation (Madison, USA). Urea was purchased from Acros Organics (New Jersey, USA). Human liver cancer cells (HepG2) were kindly provided by the Institute of Food Chemistry of the University of Muenster, Germany. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium

• with Lumogen® Red-loaded PLGA NPs, free Lumogen® Red or serum-free medium as previously described. After 6 h, the cells were washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS++, containing Ca2+ and Mg2+) and fixed for 15 min with 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature. After an additional washing step

Direct growth of few-layer graphene on AlN-based resonators for high-sensitivity gravimetric biosensors

• Jimena Olivares,
• Teona Mirea,
• Lorena Gordillo-Dagallier,
• Bruno Marco,
• José Miguel Escolano,
• Marta Clement and
• Enrique Iborra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 975–984, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.98

• sample in a solution of 0.2 nM 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) with 0.8 mM N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). This step requires the generation of carboxyl groups (–COOH) on the surface of the sample capable of binding the NH groups of

Experimental study of an evanescent-field biosensor based on 1D photonic bandgap structures

• Jad Sabek,
• Francisco Javier Díaz-Fernández,
• Luis Torrijos-Morán,
• Zeneida Díaz-Betancor,
• Ángel Maquieira,
• María-José Bañuls,
• Elena Pinilla-Cienfuegos and
• Jaime García-Rupérez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 967–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.97

• results obtained for one of the groups of PBG sensing structures in the biosensing experiments carried out. After an initial flow of PBS-T buffer (phosphate buffered saline + 0.01% Tween 20) over a period of 10 min to establish the baseline, BSA 1 µg/mL in PBS-T was flowed over the biofunctionalized PBG

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• Au-NPs for 2 h or 24 h. Non-exposed cells were used as control. At the end of NP exposure, exposed and non-exposed cells were incubated with MTT dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (Life Technologies, UK) for 4 h at 37 °C and 5% CO2 (final concentration: [0.5 mg/mL]). The cell culture medium

• -buffered saline (DPBS) (Life Technologies, UK), cells were blocked with 10% horse serum in 0.4% Triton-PBS for 1–2 h at room temperature. Subsequently, cells were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C (Table 1). After washing four times with PBS, except for Acti-stain 488 phalloidin, the

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• administrated dose of PEG-nGO was estimated from previous studies [28][29]. Three groups were administered PEG-nGO (1 mL, 5 mg/kg) saline suspension while one group was administered saline (1 mL) only through an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. All groups were administrated once. The group that was

• administered saline only was treated as control group. To study the oxidative stress of PEG-nGO, the mice were anesthetized and were dissected after specific intervals of time (1 h, 2 h, and 4 h). After dissection, organs including the brain, heart, liver, and kidneys were carefully removed with the help of a

• sterilized scalpel and iris scissors. All organs were washed with saline and were homogenized with a total volume of 10 mL using sterilized phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4). All used protocols were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of King Saud University, in accordance with the international guiding

Rapid, ultraviolet-induced, reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces

• Yunlu Pan,
• Wenting Kong,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 866–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.87

• surfaces in a suspension of TiO2 modified with trimethoxypropyl saline. In this work, the wettability transition time from superhydrophobic (WCA ≈ 158°) to superhydrophilic (WCA ≈ 0°) occurred within 120 min of UV illumination. Although large range wettability switching can be achieved in many ways, the

The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

• Jan Hynek,
• Sebastian Jurík,
• Martina Koncošová,
• Jaroslav Zelenka,
• Ivana Křížová,
• Tomáš Ruml,
• Kaplan Kirakci,
• Ivo Jakubec,
• František Kovanda,
• Kamil Lang and
• Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

• Inorganic Chemistry Rez) constructed from Fe3+ and phenylene-1,4-bis(methylphosphinic acid) (PBPA) linkers [25]. ICR-2 in the microcrystalline form is stable in aqueous solutions even at high temperatures and partly retains its structure and porosity even after treatment with phosphate buffer saline (PBS

• ), absolute ethanol (EtOH, Fischer Sci.), FeCl3·6H2O, formamide, and phosphate-buffered saline suitable for cell culture (all Sigma-Aldrich) were used as purchased. Phenylene-1,4-bis(methylphosphinic acid) was prepared according to [25]. Phosphinic acid porphyrins 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methylphosphinatophenyl

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). The cells were maintained at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere and sub-cultivated every 7–14 days, depending on the cell proliferation. Adherent cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS, GIBCO, Invitrogen GmbH) and detached from the culture flasks

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• , USA). Methacryloyl chloride (Sigma-Aldrich) was distilled and 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN; Fluka; Buchs, Switzerland) was recrystallized from ethanol. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) was from TCI Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was prepared on site. 1,2

Non-agglomerated silicon–organic nanoparticles and their nanocomplexes with oligonucleotides: synthesis and properties

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Nadezhda V. Shikina,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Svetlana A. Yashnik,
• Dmitrii V. Semenov,
• Yulia I. Savinovskaya,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova,
• Inna A. Pyshnaya and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2516–2525, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.234

• –NH2Flu nanoparticles and Si–NH2·ODN(3)Flu nanocomplex (final concentration in medium 0.1 mM for Si and 0.2 µM for the Flu residue) were added to the culture media. After incubation for 8 h at 37 °C, the medium was removed, and the cells were rinsed twice with phosphate buffer saline (PBS), followed by

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• against two different pH environments, i.e., pH 5.5 in sodium acetate buffer and pH 7.4 in phosphate-buffered saline, under mild agitation. 1 mL of the dialysing media was periodically withdrawn (release medium) and the optical density of 5-FU at 265 nm was determined. The results, fit to a linear

Filling nanopipettes with apertures smaller than 50 nm: dynamic microdistillation

• Evelyne Salançon and
• Bernard Tinland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2181–2187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.204

• pure water, the micrometric part of the capillary being replaced by the saline solution. Although ion diffusion at the very end of the tip only concerns a negligible volume, in such a confined situation it can take a long time, from hours to days, to reach electrical equilibrium by diffusion alone

The structural and chemical basis of temporary adhesion in the sea star Asterina gibbosa

• Birgit Lengerer,
• Marie Bonneel,
• Mathilde Lefevre,
• Elise Hennebert,
• Philippe Leclère,
• Emmanuel Gosselin,
• Peter Ladurner and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2071–2086, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.196

• of tube foot sections and footprints Antibody labelling was performed as previously described [8]. Briefly, tube feet were fixed in 4% PFA in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 24 h. They were subsequently dehydrated in graded ethanol, embedded in paraffin wax and cut longitudinally. After dewaxing

• rehydrated with graded ethanol. Footprints were collected on clean microscope glass slides and either used directly for labelling (fresh) or fixed in 4% PFA in PBS for 24 h. All samples were washed three times in Tris-buffered saline (TBS, pH 8.0) supplemented with 5 mM CaCl2 and 0.1% Triton (TBS-T

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• -buffered saline, the micelles of the macrocycle acquire thermoresponsive properties and exhibit a temperature-controlled release of doxorubicin in vitro. The combination of the low toxicity and the encapsulation properties of the obtained calixresorcinarene–mPEG conjugate shows promising potential for the

• a phase separation up to 90 °C, while solutions of 3 in a physiological solution of sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl) solution or in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) clouded at 60 °C (Figure 4a). DLS method showed that an increase of the particle size of 3 in the presence of salts occurred already

• at room temperature (Figure 4c, Figure S10, Supporting Information File 1). In the 0.9% NaCl solution a monomodal particle size distribution was observed (Table S1, Supporting Information File 1). TEM images of dried saline solution of 3 confirmed the growing of the macrocycle particle size to about

Biomimetic and biodegradable cellulose acetate scaffolds loaded with dexamethasone for bone implants

• Aikaterini-Rafailia Tsiapla,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Veroniki Bakola,
• Foteini Pappa,
• Panagiota Gkertsiou,
• Eleni Pavlidou and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1986–1994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.189

• -Aldrich, Germany. N,N-Dimethylacetamide was obtained from Chem-Lab NV, Belgium. In MTT assay the cells used in this study were mice fibroblasts (L929) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Dulbecco’s Modifies Eagle Medium (DMEM), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics were obtained from Gibco® Cell

Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants

• Reika Makita,
• Tsukasa Akasaka,
• Seiichi Tamagawa,
• Yasuhiro Yoshida,
• Saori Miyata,
• Hirofumi Miyaji and
• Tsutomu Sugaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1735–1754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.165

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

• Maya Endo,
• Zhishun Wei,
• Kunlei Wang,
• Baris Karabiyik,
• Kenta Yoshiiri,
• Paulina Rokicka,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
• Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

• g/L 10 µL/disc) were placed at different locations on the culture plates. The control discs were impregnated with saline solution (0.9% NaCl). One part of the plates was incubated in the dark, while another part was exposed to the indoor light. The natural indoor light from windows (intensity of ca

Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• ). CoCl2 (anhydrous), tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) (40% in water), phthalic anhydride (PA), 3-phosphonopropionic acid (3-PPA), 16-phosphonohexadecanoic acid (16-PHDA) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were received from Sigma-Aldrich. Apparatus The structure and morphology of nanoparticles used

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• , antibiotic mixture of penicillin/streptomycin (10,000 U·mL−1/10,000 μg·mL−1), fungizone (250 μg·mL−1), human transferrin (4 mg·mL−1) and phosphate buffered saline solution (1× PBS) were obtained from GIBCO Invitrogen (Barcelona, Spain). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from HyClone GE Healthcare (United