Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• -synthetic treatment to titanosilicates can change the state of titanium atoms from Ti(IV) to catalytically active Ti(III) [50]. Such a reduction to paramagnetic Ti in ETS-10 titanosilicates can occur as a result of high-temperature treatment under vacuum [51], treatment with H2 or CO at moderate to high

• (hierarchical) titanium silicalite-1. Despite the mesopores present in the treated sample, the conversion of methyl oleate decreased by ≈50%, which has been attributed to the decreased hydrophobicity after treatment. To address this effect directly, further studies including the measurement of water sorption

• of ETS-10, sodium silicate (Na2SiO3, 34.5–36.0 wt % SiO2, 17–19 wt % Na2O, donated by PQ corporation), titanium isopropoxide (TIP, 97 wt %, Sigma-Aldrich), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 35–37 wt %, VWR Chemicals), sodium chloride (high-purity grade, VWR Chemicals), and potassium fluoride (KF, ≥99 wt

Oblique angle deposition of nickel thin films by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering

• Hamidreza Hajihoseini,
• Movaffaq Kateb,
• Snorri Þorgeir Ingvarsson and
• Jon Tomas Gudmundsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1914–1921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.186

• strength (at racetrack) using vanadium [30] and titanium [31] targets, respectively. Thus, utilizing HiPIMS for the deposition of ferromagnetic material can be very beneficial. Oblique deposition, sometimes referred to as glancing angle deposition (GLAD), is known as a PVD technique that leads to a film

TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• structure with wrinkles and folds, which is in line with previous works [39]. The EDS elemental mapping of titanium, oxygen and carbon provide additional evidence to further show the GO uniform distribution on the TiO2 particle, as shown in Figure 3i–k. Moreover, based on the Raman and TEM results, the TiO2

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• this work, novel, hollow, calcined titanium dioxide nanospheres (CSTiO2) were successfully synthesized for the first time through the combination of electrospinning and atomic layer deposition techniques. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) electrosprayed spherical particles were double-coated with alumina

• and titanium dioxide, and after a calcination process, hollow nanospheres were obtained with a radius of approximately 345 nm and shell thickness of 17 nm. The structural characterization was performed using electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray diffraction evidenced an

• anatase titanium dioxide crystalline structure. Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy studies demonstrated the absence of polymer residue after the calcination process. The antimicrobial properties of the developed CSTiO2 hollow nanospheres were evaluated against different

Upcycling of polyurethane waste by mechanochemistry: synthesis of N-doped porous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications

• Christina Schneidermann,
• Pascal Otto,
• Desirée Leistenschneider,
• Sven Grätz,
• Claudia Eßbach and
• Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1618–1627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.157

• electrochemical testing, a specially manufactured polyether ether ketone (PEEK) cell with spring-loaded titanium pistons was used as symmetrical full cell, as described in detail elsewhere [75]. Electrode discs with a thickness of 100–200 µm and a diameter of 10 mm were punched out of the free-standing film

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• characterization of the work function using the example of artificially formed crystalline titanium monoxide (TiO) nanowires on strontium titanate (SrTiO3) surfaces, providing a sharp atomic interface. The measured value of 3.31(21) eV is the first experimental work function evidence for a cubic TiO phase, where

• also in various heterostructures, with exotic electronic states, e.g., a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) on the interface with LaAlO3 [16][17]. On the other side of the transition metal oxides spectrum lies titanium monoxide, TiO, in which the titanium atoms adopt the valence state 2+, contributing

• superconductor with a superconductivity transition temperature (Tc) of 5.5 K, which is higher than previously reported results [22]. As a result of its electronic structure, titanium monoxide nanoparticles find further application in heterogeneous catalysis, e.g., for the hydrogenation of styrene [1]. Here we

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• a carrier to support a layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanosheets. The results show that TiO2 nanoparticles and BiOCl nanosheets uniformly cover the surface of diatomite and bring TiO2 and BiOCl into close proximity. Rhodamine B was used as the target

• [10]. As one of the most promising photocatalysts, in terms of its chemical stability, non-toxicity, photo-corrosion resistance in aqueous media and advanced oxidation properties, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely studied [11][12] and employed for water splitting [13], energy storage [14], and

Imaging the surface potential at the steps on the rutile TiO₂(110) surface by Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Huan Fei Wen,
• Quanzhen Zhang,
• Yuuki Adachi,
• Jan Brndiar,
• Ivan Štich,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1228–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.122

• steps in the catalytic reaction. Keywords: catalyst; Kelvin probe force microscopy; Smoluchowski effect; step; titanium dioxide; Introduction Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has attracted considerable interest for its promising applications as a photocatalyst and as catalyst support, as well as in gas sensors

• oxygen atoms and titanium-terminated steps with in-plane oxygen atoms exposed at the steps. The steps are considered to have two types of structures: bulk-terminated steps and reconstructed steps with one additional TiO2 unit. The steps are metastable and rarely observed in common sample

• Smoluchowski-like dipole (Figure 4). On the other hand, for both and , since Ov sites exist at the step edges and the positively charged titanium atom is exposed at the steps, the local atomic dipole that is formed points upward in the same direction as the Smoluchowski-like dipole. Moreover, the oxygen atom

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• of functional nanoarchitectures. Within this scope, clays can be of special relevance in the production of photoactive materials as they offer an advantageous way for the stabilization and immobilization of diverse metal-oxide nanoparticles. The controlled assembly under mild conditions of titanium

• ; nanoarchitectures; photocatalysts; titanium dioxide; zinc dioxide; Review Introduction: immobilization of nanoscale TiO2 and ZnO on clay minerals Nanoarchitectonics is a term coined by Japan's National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), which refers to the nanoscale design of complex materials through a deep

• the “Web of Science” (WoS) [21] around 10,000 papers have been published in the last decade in connection with the topic of TiO2 NPs used as photocatalysts, indicating the high interest in the use of these materials for this type of applications. In fact, titanium dioxide (anatase phase) can be

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• . Keywords: 1D nanomaterials; cationic surfactants; stability; surface complexation model; titanate nanowires; Introduction Among the extensive variety of metal oxide nanomaterials, titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TNMs) (e.g., anatase, rutile, TiO2(B) and titanate) have attracted considerable attention

• other titanium oxide nanostructures [14][16]. It has been previously shown that various types of surface coatings affect NM properties, and in particular, can improve their stability and biocompatibility [13][17][18][19]. Although much is known about the aggregation of spherical TNMs in different media

• and in the presence of different additives [12][20][21][22], much less is known about 1D TNMs, such as titanium oxide nanotubes (TNTs), titanium oxide nanowires (TNWs) and titanium oxide nanorods (TNRs). As shown previously, the morphology of TNMs is expected to play a significant role in their

Rapid, ultraviolet-induced, reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces

• Yunlu Pan,
• Wenting Kong,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 866–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.87

• chemicals Titanium dioxide (TiO2, rutile) with a diameter of ≈25 nm and aluminium dioxide (Al2O3) with a diameter of ≈30 nm were acquired from Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Corporation (Shanghai, China). 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorooctyl(trimethoxy)silane (PFOS) was obtained from Shanghai Macklin

Novel reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic–superhydrophilic surfaces induced by charge injection and heating

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Junwen Hou and
• Dongbao Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 840–847, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.84

• ], temperature [12][13][14][15], pH [16][17][18], and electric field [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] stimulation. Zhang et al. [4] reported that superhydrophobic titanium dioxide surfaces become hydrophilic with a contact angle of 0° after 240 min of ultraviolet radiation. Nishimoto et al. [5] developed a method

• ] deposited thin films of titanium dioxide nanorods on glass substrates by a low-temperature hydrothermal method. The films were stored in the dark for two weeks to yield films with a contact angle of 154 ± 1.3°. Film irradiation with ultraviolet light for 2 h rendered the films superhydrophilic with a

An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• ), titanium tetraisopropoxide (Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4, 97%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8%), copper(II) nitrate trihydrate ((CuNO3)2·3H2O, 98%), 2-propanol (IPA, 99.5%) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP, 99.5%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received without any further purification. Synthesis of

• was dissolved in 50 mL of deionized water. Then, a dilute solution of titanium tetraisopropoxide (0.001 M) in isopropanol was added drop wise into the solution and the mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature. Afterwards, the desired amount of concentrated HNO3 was added to maintain a pH

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• was deposited via sputtering, yielding a colorful filter material. Different structural colors could be obtained via changing the anodization time [17]. In this context, instead of using high-purity aluminum foils and titanium foils as the substrate for the anodization treatment, which have been

Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• . Obtained spectra were calibrated to give binding energy of 285.80 eV for C 1s [29][30]. Chemicals Titanium foil (Steam, 99.7%, d = 0.127 mm) was used as an electrode substrate. Chemicals of analytical grade, Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, NH4VO3, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), NH4F were

• annealing) or titanium foil. The bismuth vanadate films were deposited for 20 min and the PLD process was carried out using a Nd:YAG laser equipped with a fourth harmonic generation (FHG) module, generating 266 nm 6 ns pulses with 4 Hz repetition. Assuming that the obtained layer is flat and continuous, its

• thickness should be equal to about 20 nm [33]. Finally, electrodes were annealed at a temperature of 450 °C for 2 h (heating rate: 2 °C·min−1) in order to obtain crystalline phases of TiO2 and BiVO4. Samples were named as Ti/TiO2/BiVO4. The BiVO4 films were also deposited directly on titanium foil for

Improving control of carbide-derived carbon microstructure by immobilization of a transition-metal catalyst within the shell of carbide/carbon core–shell structures

• Teguh Ariyanto,
• Jan Glaesel,
• Andreas Kern,
• Gui-Rong Zhang and
• Bastian J. M. Etzold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 419–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.41

• impregnation of untreated titanium carbide was compared with the same loading (30 mg of nickel per gram of equivalent carbide). EDX mapping (see Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1) of the impregnated core–shell material shows clearly the remaining core in the Ti K edge signal, while the Ni K and Cl K

• edges show that nickel chloride is homogeneously immobilized within the shell. A clustering on top of the particle seems not to take place. In contrast, the SEM image of the untreated titanium carbide shows nickel chloride crystals covering the particles. This is further corroborated through the EDS

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO₂ nanorods

• Julian Kalb,
• Vanessa Knittel and
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

• liner and autoclaved with a hydrothermal growth solution consisting of 20 mL hydrochloric acid (14.8 wt %, diluted in distilled water) and 350 μL titanium(IV) butoxide in an oven with a setpoint temperature of 180 °C for 75 min. The hydrothermal growth process was stopped by cooling down the autoclave

• hydrothermal growth process as we described in detail in our previous work [36]. For that purpose, a 40 nm thin titanium layer was deposited via electron-beam assisted evaporation from titanium pellets (99.995% purity, Kurt J. Lesker Ltd.) at a pressure of 1.5 × 10−6 mbar with a deposition rate of 0.9 Å/s

• . Titanium was turned into the TiO2 seed layer in a rapid thermal processing oven at 850 °C in an oxygen atmosphere (500 sccm) for 2 h using a temperature dwell time of ±1 °C/s. The remaining resist was dissolved in acetone. Results and Discussion We have shown in a previous study that the nanorods produced

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

• Leva Momtazi,
• Henrik H. Sønsteby and
• Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

• combining titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) and the nucleobases thymine, uracil or adenine using the molecular layer deposition (MLD) approach. Such materials have potential as bioactive coatings, and the bioactivity of these films is described in our recent work [Momtazi, L.; Dartt, D. A.; Nilsen, O

• anticancer complexes for better metallo-pharmaceutical activity and toxicity reduction [8]. This work describes the growth of films based on such organic nucleotides as complexes with the biocompatible metal titanium. As thin films, such materials can be better applied as coatings on scaffolds or implants

• previous study on organic–inorganic MLD materials, in which we used amino acids as organic linkers to form titaminates [22]. We here build on that knowledge and expand the range of bioactive MLD materials to now include nucleobases as organic linkers. The films have been prepared by combining titanium

One-step nonhydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ phosphonate hybrid materials

• Yanhui Wang,
• P. Hubert Mutin and
• Johan G. Alauzun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 356–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.35

• , we present an original one-step NHSG synthesis of mesoporous TiO2–octylphosphonate hybrid materials, using a nonhydrolytic sol–gel method involving the reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide and diethyl octylphosphonate precursors at 200 °C in the presence of acetophenone as an oxygen donor. Results

• did not react with titanium tetraisopropoxide under the same conditions. All four materials are referred to as TiPx where x is the P/Ti ratio. For comparison, a TiO2 sample was prepared under the exact same conditions but without diethyl octylphosphonate. Elemental analysis by energy dispersive X-ray

• ]. These spectra confirm the presence of phosphonate species linked to the TiO2 network through Ti–O–P bonds, and show the absence of a layered titanium octylphosphonate phase, which would lead to a sharp resonance at 7 ppm. In the case of the TiP0.2 sample, the shoulder at 31 ppm suggests the presence of

Scanning probe microscopy for energy-related materials

• Rüdiger Berger,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 132–134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.12

• relationship between Li-ion conductivity and the microstructure of the solid-state electrolyte lithium aluminum titanium phosphate films [10]. Furthermore, dielectric properties play a role for the storage of electrochemical energy. Ying Wang and co-workers report on a novel method for the characterization of

Amorphous Ni_xCo_yP-supported TiO₂ nanotube arrays as an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst in acidic solution

• Yong Li,
• Peng Yang,
• Bin Wang and
• Zhongqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 62–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.6

• gives a lower activity than the electrode without the titanium dioxide carrier, which may be related to the low conductivity of titanium dioxide. Thus the electrocatalytic activity can be improved effectively by improving the conductivity of the TNA support. In electrochemical HER, the bath voltage is

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• [42][45], the strong deformation can be related to the surface-stress-induced compression in nanoporous samples, which is considerably higher than that in bulk samples. Hydrogen-induced phase transitions leading to ISP were reported for titanium [44], zirconium [46] and palladium [42] before. For a

Investigation of CVD graphene as-grown on Cu foil using simultaneous scanning tunneling/atomic force microscopy

• Majid Fazeli Jadidi,
• Umut Kamber,
• Oğuzhan Gürlü and
• H. Özgür Özer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2953–2959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.274

• –tip preparation. The main chamber is pumped with a combination of an ion getter pump, titanium sublimation pump and a turbomolecular pump backed with a double-stage rotary pump. A base pressure of about 10−10 mbar is achievable by baking out the chamber. The oscillation amplitude of the cantilever

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• achieved at all [19][20]. Metal-oxide semiconductors (MOS), including tin oxide (SnO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), tungsten oxide (WO3), indium oxide (In2O3), ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4) are important materials for gas sensors [21][22][23][24][25][26

• room-temperature sensor composed of a 3D graphene aerogel and SnO2 nanoparticles, synthesized via the method mentioned above, exhibited a higher response to NO2 and faster response/recovery times than a 2D SnO2–graphene sensor, fabricated by the same method without freeze-drying process. Titanium

Biomimetic surface structures in steel fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses: influence of laser rescanning on morphology and wettability

• Camilo Florian Baron,
• Alexandros Mimidis,
• Daniel Puerto,
• Evangelos Skoulas,
• Emmanuel Stratakis,
• Javier Solis and
• Jan Siegel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2802–2812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.262

• study, structures with similar geometry have been mimicked on titanium substrates with the aim of demonstrating friction reduction [37]. In our case, we not only manage to mimic the shape but also their characteristic micrometer size, which may play an important role on the performance for real friction