Silica-coated upconversion lanthanide nanoparticles: The effect of crystal design on morphology, structure and optical properties

• Uliana Kostiv,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Hana Macková,
• Alexander Zhigunov,
• Hana Engstová,
• Katarína Smolková,
• Petr Ježek and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2290–2299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.235

• energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) were used to determine the morphology, crystal structure and elemental composition of the nanocrystals, respectively. All TEM micrographs, diffractograms and spectra were taken at an accelerating voltage of 120 kV. Particle size distribution was analyzed with the

Near-field visualization of plasmonic lenses: an overall analysis of characterization errors

• Jing Wang,
• Yongqi Fu,
• Zongwei Xu and
• Fengzhou Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2069–2077, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.211

• distribution on the electrodes. The energy spreading is asymmetrical and produces an elliptical spot of the ion beam instead of the normal circular spot. Theoretically, it can be expressed as Equation 1 [28]: where B is the magnetic field, q is the velocity of an ion, M is the mass, V is the accelerating

• voltage, and Z is the mass selection size. In practice, this is sufficiently small to be removed by astigmators located downstream of the filter. The stigmation strongly depends on the fluctuation of voltage which generates the voltage variation δV. Theoretically, it will be sufficiently small as long as

Nonlinear optical properties of near-infrared region Ag₂S quantum dots pumped by nanosecond laser pulses

• Li-wei Liu,
• Si-yi Hu,
• Yin-ping Dou,
• Tian-hang Liu,
• Jing-quan Lin and
• Yue Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1781–1787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.182

• QDs were determined using a JEOL JEM-100cx transmission electron microscope (TEM) with an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. The TEM image of Ag2S is shown in Figure 1a. The particles are estimated to have an average diameter of 5–6 nm. Figure 1a shows the absorption spectra of Ag2S QDs, measured by a

Possibilities and limitations of advanced transmission electron microscopy for carbon-based nanomaterials

• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1541–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.158

• reduction of the resolving power. Using a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) for demonstration, a high resolution TEM (HRTEM) image acquired at 200 kV using a conventional FEI Tecnai G2 microscope is shown in Figure 2a, where the spatial resolution is about 1.5 Å. When the accelerating voltage is lowered

• Figure 3a [33]. More recent studies using molecular dynamics simulations based on tight-binding density functional theory [32] and first principle calculations [34] have agreed on a Td of 23 eV and 22 eV, respectively, corresponding to an accelerating voltage of about 110 kV using Equation 2. However

• 100 keV. It has been suggested to study carbon-based nanostructures at low voltage in order to suppress knock-on damage (elastic collision), allowing for a damage-free study in both TEM and STEM. One may point out that a decrease of the accelerating voltage has the disadvantage of increasing the

PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy

• Maria J. Ramalho,
• Joana A. Loureiro,
• Bárbara Gomes,
• Manuela F. Frasco,
• Manuel A. N. Coelho and
• M. Carmo Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1306–1318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.135

• transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using a JEOL JEM 1400 microscope (Tokyo, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. The samples were deposited on copper grids (formvar/carbon on 400 mesh Cu from Agar Scientific) and negative-stained with 2% v/v uranyl acetate for 45 s. The grids were air-dried prior to

Preparation of Ni/Cu composite nanowires

• Hu Wang,
• Xiaoyu Li,
• Ming Li,
• Kenan Xie and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1268–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.130

• and applications. The morphology of the samples was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, JSM-7500F, JEOL) operating at 10 kV accelerating voltage, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was performed with the spectrometer attached to the same SEM. The composition

Scanning reflection ion microscopy in a helium ion microscope

• Yuri V. Petrov and
• Oleg F. Vyvenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1125–1137, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.114

• this image. Accelerating voltage: 30 keV, beam current: 0.3 pA. A schematic diagram of the incident and reflected ion paths with designations given in the text. Dependence of the reflection coefficient of 35 keV He+ on the grazing angle calculated with SRIM software for different materials. Designation

Tunable magnetism on the lateral mesoscale by post-processing of Co/Pt heterostructures

• Oleksandr V. Dobrovolskiy,
• Maksym Kompaniiets,
• Roland Sachser,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Gspan,
• Harald Plank and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1082–1090, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.109

• with a CS probe corrector (DCOR) was used. The TEM was equipped with a X-FEG high-brightness electron gun, the high-end post-column electron energy filter Quantum ERSTM from Gatan, and four high sensitivity SDD X-ray detectors from Bruker (Super-X). The measurements were performed at an accelerating

• voltage of 300 kV with an electron probe diameter smaller than 1 Å. Before the TEM measurements, sample C was covered with a 300 nm thick protective Pt–C layer deposited by FEBID. The pixel time for the energy-dispersive X-ray cross-sectional line scan (cross-sectional EDX) was 8 seconds per spectrum and

Patterning technique for gold nanoparticles on substrates using a focused electron beam

• Takahiro Noriki,
• Shogo Abe,
• Kotaro Kajikawa and
• Masayuki Shimojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1010–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.104

• irradiation Focused electron beam irradiation on the gold particle-covered substrate was carried out using a SEM equipped with a field emission gun. The accelerating voltage of the electron beam was 15 kV. For a line scan, the irradiation time was about 2 s for each particle. For the L-shaped and rectangular

Structure and mechanism of the formation of core–shell nanoparticles obtained through a one-step gas-phase synthesis by electron beam evaporation

• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Sergey P. Bardakhanov,
• Makoto Schreiber,
• Dashima G. Bazarova,
• Nikolai A. Romanov,
• Boris B. Baldanov,
• Bair R. Radnaev and
• Viacheslav V. Syzrantsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 874–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.89

• electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), selective area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDX) analysis. These measurements were performed on a JEM-2010 TEM (JEOL, Japan, 200 kV accelerating voltage, 0.14 nm resolution) equipped with an EDX (EDAX Co

Mapping of elasticity and damping in an α + β titanium alloy through atomic force acoustic microscopy

• M. Kalyan Phani,
• Anish Kumar,
• T. Jayakumar,
• Walter Arnold and
• Konrad Samwer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 767–776, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.79

• microstructure, an electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) study was performed using a Zeiss SUPRA 55 Gemini field emission gun (FEG) scanning electron microscope (SEM) at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV, an aperture of 120 μm, a working distance of 16 mm, a tilt angle of 70° and a specimen–detector distance

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• performed on a Quanta 200 FEG (FEI, Czech Republic) microscope. All micrographs presented are secondary electron images taken under high vacuum using an accelerating voltage of 30 kV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS): The core-level photoelectron spectra were recorded using an angle-resolved

Palladium nanoparticles anchored to anatase TiO₂ for enhanced surface plasmon resonance-stimulated, visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Hong Ye Chu,
• Shaliza Ibrahim and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 428–437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.43

• . Characterization The morphology of the samples were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, Hitachi SU-8000) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS, Zeiss Auriga). The images were taken at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV. High resolution transmission electron

Nanoporous Ge thin film production combining Ge sputtering and dopant implantation

• Jacques Perrin Toinin,
• Alain Portavoce,
• Khalid Hoummada,
• Michaël Texier,
• Maxime Bertoglio,
• Sandrine Bernardini,
• Marco Abbarchi and
• Lee Chow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 336–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.32

• ]. SEM images were performed using a FEI Helios 600 Nanolab microscope in the secondary electron (SE) mode with an accelerating voltage of 5 kV, using either an Everhart–Thornley Detector (ETD) located below the objective lens for imaging at low magnifications, or using a through lens detector (TLD

Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization

• Lisa Landgraf,
• Ines Müller,
• Peter Ernst,
• Miriam Schäfer,
• Christina Rosman,
• Isabel Schick,
• Oskar Köhler,
• Hartmut Oehring,
• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Thomas Basché,
• Carsten Sönnichsen,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28

• ) at an accelerating voltage 80 kV. Incubation of cells in the presence of selected drugs inhibiting specific metabolic pathways Effects of GNP and asymmetric Janus particles on total cellular ATP level and uptake in the presence of selective drugs blocking specific metabolic pathways associated with

Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex of a 2-diethylaminoethyl–dextran–MMA graft copolymer and paclitaxel used as an artificial enzyme

• Yasuhiko Onishi,
• Yuki Eshita,
• Rui-Cheng Ji,
• Masayasu Onishi,
• Takashi Kobayashi,
• Masaaki Mizuno,
• Jun Yoshida and
• Naoji Kubota

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2293–2307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.238

• scattering and (b) particle electrophoretic mobility measurements. (c) A Scanning electron microscopic image (HITACHI S-4800) of the freeze-dried DDMC–paclitaxel complex taken at an accelerating voltage of 5 kV. (a): Reprinted from [24]. Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex against PTX-resistant

Nanocrystalline ceria coatings on solid oxide fuel cell anodes: the role of organic surfactant pretreatments on coating microstructures and sulfur tolerance

• Chieh-Chun Wu,
• Ling Tang and
• Mark R. De Guire

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1712–1724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.181

• carefully peeled from the electrodes before analysis. Cell characterization Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the anodes were taken (FEI xT Nova Nanolab) at 5 kV accelerating voltage. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) mapping at beam energy of 15 keV, combined with SEM images, was used

Surface topography and contact mechanics of dry and wet human skin

• Alexander E. Kovalev,
• Kirstin Dening,
• Bo N. J. Persson and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1341–1348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.147

• obtained by using a Hitachi TM3000 tabletop electron microscope (Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., Tokyo, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 3 kV (Figure 1). 3D surface profiles of the positive replicas were acquired by using a white light interferometer NewView 6k (Zygo, Middlefield, CT, USA) with 5× and

A nanometric cushion for enhancing scratch and wear resistance of hard films

• Katya Gotlib-Vainshtein,
• Olga Girshevitz,
• Chaim N. Sukenik,
• David Barlam and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1005–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.114

• was assessed by SEM (Inspect, FEI), at an accelerating voltage of 30 kV with surface gold coatings of approximately 10 nm thickness. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The thicknesses of the TiO2 layers were measured by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). This work was done using

Optimizing the synthesis of CdS/ZnS core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals for bioimaging applications

• Li-wei Liu,
• Si-yi Hu,
• Ying Pan,
• Jia-qi Zhang,
• Yue-shu Feng and
• Xi-he Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 919–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.105

• report using CdS/ZnS QDs as luminescence probes for bioimaging. Results and Discussion Characterization of QDs Sizes and structure of the QDs were determined by using a JEOL JEM-100cx transmission electron microscope with an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images

Pyrite nanoparticles as a Fenton-like reagent for in situ remediation of organic pollutants

• Carolina Gil-Lozano,
• Elisabeth Losa-Adams,
• Alfonso F.-Dávila and
• Luis Gago-Duport

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 855–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.97

• transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TEM studies were done on a JEOL JEM-3011 microscope with accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The XRD analysis of the nanoparticles and the microparticles was done on a Philips diffractometer with a

Effects of the preparation method on the structure and the visible-light photocatalytic activity of Ag₂CrO₄

• Difa Xu,
• Shaowen Cao,
• Jinfeng Zhang,
• Bei Cheng and
• Jiaguo Yu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 658–666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.77

• with ethanol and water, and then dried at 70 °C for 4 h. Characterization The XRD were recorded on an X-ray diffractometer (type HZG41BPC) with Cu Kα irradiation source at a scan rate (2θ) of 0.05°·s−1. The accelerating voltage and applied current were 40 kV and 80 mA, respectively. The morphology

• observation was carried out by SEM (S4800, Hitachi, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 5 kV. TEM and HRTEM analysis were conducted by the transmission electron microscopy (JEM-2100F, JEOL, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The DRS were taken with a UV–vis spectrophotometer (UV2550, Shimadzu

High activity of Ag-doped Cd_0.1Zn_0.9S photocatalyst prepared by the hydrothermal method for hydrogen production under visible-light irradiation

• Leny Yuliati,
• Melody Kimi and
• Mustaffa Shamsuddin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 587–595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.69

• ). The morphologies and size of the samples were observed by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with JEOL JSM 6701F at an accelerating voltage of 2 kV with platinum coating prior to analysis. DR UV–vis spectra were recorded at room temperature using a UV–visible spectrometer

One-step synthesis of high quality kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals – a hydrothermal approach

• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• John Bell and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 438–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.51

• a JEOL JEM-1400 microscope. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) images were obtained using JEOL JEM-2100 microscope at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectrum of the sample was measured at room temperature using a

Dye-sensitized Pt@TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for the efficient photocatalytic generation of hydrogen

• Jun Fang,
• Lisha Yin,
• Shaowen Cao,
• Yusen Liao and
• Can Xue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 360–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.41

• scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JEOL JSM-7600F) with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis system and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL JEM-2100) at an accelerating voltage at 200 kV. Photocatalytic generation of H2 with erythrosin B-sensitized Pt@TiO2 core–shell particles: In a typical run, 5 mg