Effect of electrospinning process variables on the size of polymer fibers and bead-on-string structures established with a 2³ factorial design

• Paulina Korycka,
• Adam Mirek,
• Katarzyna Kramek-Romanowska,
• Marcin Grzeczkowicz and
• Dorota Lewińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2466–2478, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.231

• mm (Figure 1). A round aluminum collector (thickness: 0.12 mm; diameter: 40 mm) was located about 15 cm below the metal nozzle. The high voltage was set within the limits of 7.5–15 kV and the flow rate of the solution in the range of 0.6–1.2 mL/h. The collection time of the fiber was adjusted to

Surface energy of nanoparticles – influence of particle size and structure

• Dieter Vollath,
• Franz Dieter Fischer and
• David Holec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2265–2276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.211

• applicability of the Pawlow-relationship over a wide range of particle sizes, as shown in Figure 1, is a strong indicator that the surface energy of gold particles is, down to a particle diameter, d of ≈2 nm, largely independent of the particle size. Other experimental results on aluminum [15] and lead [16

• interesting to note that after the correction, the dependence of the surface energy on the diameter is more or less in the range of the dataset as a whole. This result is somewhat similar to that obtained for gold as displayed in Figure 13. The results for aluminum particles displayed in Figure 17 obtained by

• original values and those corrected according to Holec et al. [53]. Except the systematic variation in the values for particles with sizes below ca. 2 nm, it is remarkable that there is only a relatively small influence of the particle diameter on the surface energy. Surface energy of aluminum particles as

The role of adatoms in chloride-activated colloidal silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement

• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Krisztian Herman,
• István Sz. Tódor,
• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu and
• Loredana F. Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2236–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.208

• total of 15 min and afterwards stored in the dark for 24 h. A slightly faster synthesis was observed when covering the beaker in aluminum foil, due to the local increase in light intensity. Also, we observed that a LED bulb with a “cool light” emission spectrum led to a faster synthesis compared to an

• , equipped with a Nd:YAG frequency-doubled laser emitting at 532 nm and a laser power of ≈60 mW on the sample. For each measurement, 10 μL of the sample was placed on a microscope slide that was covered with aluminum foil. The laser light was focused on the drop using a 5× objective (NA 0.12). The spectra

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• with a double-target sputter coater (Leica EM ACE600). The electrical connections of the sample with the potentiostat (BioLogic Science Instruments, SP-200) were made using conductive aluminum tape (Advance Tapes AT521) adhered to the back metal contact of the sample, which was not in contact with the

Biomimetic and biodegradable cellulose acetate scaffolds loaded with dexamethasone for bone implants

• Aikaterini-Rafailia Tsiapla,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Veroniki Bakola,
• Foteini Pappa,
• Panagiota Gkertsiou,
• Eleni Pavlidou and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1986–1994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.189

• is created [23]. Grounded aluminum foils, glass substrates and also coatings for orthopaedic pins were used as collectors to carry out the necessary studies. Drug-release kinetics and degradation study of scaffolds Degradation study was carried out in order to evaluate the mass loss of polymer and

Know your full potential: Quantitative Kelvin probe force microscopy on nanoscale electrical devices

• Amelie Axt,
• Ilka M. Hermes,
• Victor W. Bergmann,
• Niklas Tausendpfund and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1809–1819, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.172

• measurements. To study the effect of stray fields, aluminum foil was placed under the substrate of the electrode array, where we could apply an external voltage of 200 V. To show that KPFM operates in a linear regime (Equation 19) we recorded bias spectroscopy sweeps prior to every measurement (Figure S1 and

• stray fields causing the offsets, we induced an artificial stray field by placing the substrate on a piece of aluminum foil and applying a voltage of 200 V with respect to the grounded electrode. We then repeated the experiments in the center and at the edge of the electrode structure. The measurement

• presence of the artificial stray field caused by the aluminum electrode underneath the substrate, the measured CPD further increased to up to 4.7 V (AM lift mode, Figure 8). Generally, the offsets in CPD were much higher in the AM-KPFM modes compared to the FM-KPFM modes, where the maximum deviation was

SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

• Deepu J. Babu,
• Divya Puthusseri,
• Frank G. Kühl,
• Sherif Okeil,
• Michael Bruns,
• Manfred Hampe and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

• vapor deposition [56][57]. The bimetallic catalyst system for the VACNT growth was prepared by depositing a thin layer of aluminum (13–15 nm) over the substrate through thermal evaporation in a vacuum of 10−6 mbar, followed by the sputter deposition of 1.2 nm of an iron catalyst layer. The synthesis was

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• in the carbon layer; and (iv) the obtained hexagonal magnetic mesoporous NPL displays a larger adsorption capacity towards removal of RhB from water than observed in other adsorbents [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Experimental Materials and chemicals Cobalt chloride hexahydrate, aluminum chloride

Light extraction efficiency enhancement of flip-chip blue light-emitting diodes by anodic aluminum oxide

• Yi-Ru Huang,
• Yao-Ching Chiu,
• Kuan-Chieh Huang,
• Shao-Ying Ting,
• Po-Jui Chiang,
• Chih-Ming Lai,
• Chun-Ping Jen,
• Snow H. Tseng and
• Hsiang-Chen Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1602–1612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.152

• aluminum oxide (AAO) structure with periodic nanopores on the surface of flip-chip blue light-emitting diodes (FC-BLEDs). The nanopores had diameters ranging from 73 to 85 nm and were separated by distances ranging from approximately 10 to 15 nm. The light extraction efficiency enhancement of the FC-BLEDs

• emitter into a surface plasmon mode produced by AAO. Keywords: anodic aluminum oxide; critical angle of total reflection; efficiency enhancement; flip-chip blue light-emitting diode; Introduction Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used in various fields, such as optical communication and automobile

• enhance the LEE of short-wavelength purple and ultraviolet LEDs by 1.4–2.5 times that of a traditional LED [14]. Ryu et al. adopted anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) to produce a photonic crystal structure at the n-GaN layer of LEDs, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that screw

Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• Netzsch STA 449C Jupiter instrument in argon in the temperature range from 30 to 200 °С. The heating rate was 10 °C·min−1. The samples were placed in aluminum crucibles (non-sealed for the free removal of evolved products and a decrease of the influence of an excessive pressure). UV–vis spectra were

Correlative electrochemical strain and scanning electron microscopy for local characterization of the solid state electrolyte Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃

• Nino Schön,
• Deniz Cihan Gunduz,
• Shicheng Yu,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Roland Schierholz and
• Florian Hausen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1564–1572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.148

• , section JARA-Energy, 52425 Jülich, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.9.148 Abstract Correlative microscopy has been used to investigate the relationship between Li-ion conductivity and the microstructure of lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3, LATP) with high spatial resolution. A key to

• energy density [1][8][9][10]. Lithium aluminum titanium phosphate Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP), a ceramic with NASICON-type structure, is especially considered as a beneficial solid state electrolyte due to its superior lithium-ion conductivity in the range of 2 mS cm−1 in the “bulk” and 2 µS cm−1 at

• darker and contains the elements Al, P and O but only minor Ti content. Based on this observation, the primary phase is attributed to LATP while the secondary phase can be related to aluminum phosphate (AlPO4). As the stoichiometry of the EDX analysis matches that of LATP and aluminum phosphate

Preparation and morphology-dependent wettability of porous alumina membranes

• Dmitry L. Shimanovich,
• Alla I. Vorobjova,
• Daria I. Tishkevich,
• Alex V. Trukhanov,
• Maxim V. Zdorovets and
• Artem L. Kozlovskiy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1423–1436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.135

• aluminum layer beforehand is removed, as described previously. In the inset of Figure 2D, the split surface formation scheme is shown [34]. This explains why the pore diameter in the SEM surface photo does not coincide with the pore size obtained in the SEM cross-sectional view of the same sample. In

• dependencies occur. A dependence on the membrane thickness is also observed, a fact that is not explained by any of the previous models of prior works. Conclusion In this work, we have reported the preparation of porous alumina membranes (PAMs) by two-step anodization of aluminum foil in oxalic and sulfuric

Atomistic modeling of tribological properties of Pd and Al nanoparticles on a graphene surface

• Alexei Khomenko,
• Miroslav Zakharov,
• Denis Boyko and
• Bo N. J. Persson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1239–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.115

• insight into the fundamental origin of sliding friction. Results: Using molecular dynamics we investigate frictional properties of aluminum and palladium nanoparticles deposited on a graphene layer. We study the time evolution of the total momentum of the system, the total and potential energies, the

• peaks of radial distribution function are blurred indicating that the nanoparticles are amorphous or polycrystalline. Keywords: aluminum; friction force; graphene; nanoparticle; nanotribology; palladium; Introduction The study of surface or interface phenomena at the atomic level has attracted

• , morphology and orientation [10][11][13][14][17]. For atomistic modeling the material-dependent potential energy is needed. Here we use empirical potentials where the potential energy can be represented as a function of the atomic positions. For aluminum and palladium an empirical many-body potential is

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

P3HT:PCBM blend films phase diagram on the base of variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry

• Barbara Hajduk,
• Henryk Bednarski,
• Bożena Jarząbek,
• Henryk Janeczek and
• Paweł Nitschke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1108–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.102

• temperatures using a DSC 2920 apparatus (TA Instruments, Newcastle, DE, USA), with aluminum sample pans. Thermal characteristics of the samples were obtained under nitrogen atmosphere (gas flow = 50 mL/min). The instrument was calibrated with high-purity indium and gallium standards. DSC measurements have been

Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

• Abdulrahman Altin,
• Maciej Krzywiecki,
• Adnan Sarfraz,
• Cigdem Toparli,
• Claudius Laska,
• Philipp Kerger,
• Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
• Michael Rohwerder and
• Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

• , such as stainless steels or aluminum alloys [5]. Inhibitors may also actively participate in the electrode processes [1]. Corrosion inhibitors play an important role in mitigating corrosion, which causes huge economic losses [6]. The most potent corrosion inhibitors are based on carcinogenic Cr(VI

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• , while for DSC studies, the mixture was scratched with a spatula and put into aluminum pans. Assembly and characterization of organic devices Samples for photocurrent measurements were prepared on ITO patterned glass substrates (Osilla S211) to form ITO/TiO2/SP1 (or SP1:P3HT, SP1:TiO2, SP1:PC71BM or P3HT

• heating stage. A Perkin Elmer DSC8000 calorimeter was used for calorimetric measurements. The temperature calibration procedure was done based on the onset of the melting point of water and indium. The sample was hermetically sealed in an aluminum pan of 30 μL. The temperature-dependent Fourier transform

Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn

• Maria Cecilia Evora,
• Xinyi Lu,
• Nitilaksha Hiremath,
• Nam-Goo Kang,
• Kunlun Hong,
• Roberto Uribe,
• Gajanan Bhat and
• Jimmy Mays

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 545–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.52

• that the yarn was kept straight during e-beam process. The fibers mounted on cardboard were protected with aluminum foil during the irradiation process. The CNT yarns were irradiated up to 108 kGy and washed with copious quantities of THF. The grafted CNT yarns were vacuum dried at room temperature

• intensity for the C–O peak (see Figure 1). As also illustrated in Table 1, some traces of contaminant elements (sulfur (S), iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al)) were observed in XPS spectra of all samples, which can be attributed to traces of the inhibitor metal salt, FeSO4 and other contaminants. The samples

Electron interaction with copper(II) carboxylate compounds

• Michal Lacko,
• Peter Papp,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Edward Szłyk and
• Štefan Matejčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 384–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.38

• -induced deformation, and electromigration resistance which is higher than for aluminum [24][25][26][27]. Copper nanostructures, especially nanowires, are applied in opto-electronic devices, solar cells, field-emission displays, catalysis, electronic skins, and sensor devices. Moreover, they can find

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• mineral carriers such as natural clay minerals [2], particularly montmorillonite (MM) [3]. The structure of MM is characterized by a three-layer package (2:1): two layers of silicon–oxygen tetrahedron (T) turned towards each other by their vertices, covering a layer of aluminum hydroxyl octahedra (O) on

Wafer-scale bioactive substrate patterning by chemical lift-off lithography

• Chong-You Chen,
• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hsiang-Hua Li,
• Hong-Hseng Chan and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 311–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.31

• , USA) was thoroughly mixed, degassed under vacuum, cast onto master molds, and cured on an aluminum-top hot plate at 100 °C overnight. The PDMS stamps were separated from the master molds, sequentially rinsed with acetone and isopropanol, and then blown dry with nitrogen gas. The prepared stamps were

The nanofluidic confinement apparatus: studying confinement-dependent nanoparticle behavior and diffusion

• Stefan Fringes,
• Felix Holzner and
• Armin W. Knoll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 301–310, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.30

• glass and the sample are both glued to steel plates (black). Magnets (red) in the aluminum holders (green) fix the position of the steel plates. Three adjustment screws are used to align the tilt of the cover glass with respect to the focal plane of the objective. Parallelization of the substrate to the

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• rotating drum collector covered by aluminum foil served as the counter electrode. The distance between the needle tips and drum collector was set to 18 cm and the flow rate of the solution to 0.5 mL h−1. The as-prepared electrospun nanofibers were preoxidized at 260 °C for 2 h in air and calcined at

• with acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) at a weight ratio of 7:2:1. The slurry was spread onto aluminum foil (thickness: 20 μm) and dried in vacuum at 60 °C for 12 h. Electrodes were made from punching circular discs with a diameter of 12 mm and sulfur

Dielectric properties of a bisimidazolium salt with dodecyl sulfate anion doped with carbon nanotubes

• Doina Manaila Maximean,
• Viorel Cîrcu and
• Constantin Paul Ganea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 164–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.19

• instrument. The bisimidazolium salt was studied at a scanning rate of 10 K/min after being encapsulated in an aluminum pan. Three heating–cooling cycles were performed for this sample. Synthesis of [bisC8ImC10][C12OSO3]2 A solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (2.18 g, 7.5 mmol) in methanol (60 mL) was added

Growth model and structure evolution of Ag layers deposited on Ge films

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Jakub Kierdaszuk and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 66–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.9

• stable Ag-based layers of thickness less than 15 nm on fused silica substrates is magnetron cosputtering of silver and aluminum. Surface root-mean-square (RMS) roughness of 15 nm Al-doped Ag films with an Al atomic concentration of 4% have been recently reported to be equal to 0.4 nm [16]. However, in