Low cost tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy fabricated by two-step electrochemical etching of 125 µm diameter gold wires

• Antonino Foti,
• Francesco Barreca,
• Enza Fazio,
• Cristiano D’Andrea,
• Paolo Matteini,
• Onofrio Maria Maragò and
• Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2718–2729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.254

• off immediately after the precipitation of the immersed wire portion in order to avoid over-etching, which would blunt the tip. Stop-voltage circuits have been developed [48][49] to automatize this task. The tips are finally washed by shaking in the etching solution and, subsequently, by pouring a few

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• γ-Fe2O3 with PHPMA and P(HPMA-MMAA)-Dox First, PHPMA was prepared by precipitation polymerization and used as a coating of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Briefly, in an 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask, HPMA (2 g) freshly crystalized from ethyl acetate and AIBN (10 mg) were dissolved in ethyl acetate (18 mL) under

• attributed to CH3 and CH2 groups of MMAA. Bands at ca. 2900 and at 1500–1350 cm−1 corresponded to stretching and bending vibrations of CH2 and CH3 groups, respectively. The first polymerization experiments involved the precipitation copolymerization of HPMA and MMAA. High molecular weight products (ca. 170

Non-agglomerated silicon–organic nanoparticles and their nanocomplexes with oligonucleotides: synthesis and properties

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Nadezhda V. Shikina,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Svetlana A. Yashnik,
• Dmitrii V. Semenov,
• Yulia I. Savinovskaya,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova,
• Inna A. Pyshnaya and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2516–2525, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.234

• conjugated with oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) through the binding to the negatively charged internucleotide phosphate groups to form Si–NH2·ODN complexes. Like Si–NH2, the Si–NH2·ODN nanocomplexes are dissolved in aqueous solutions. The addition of NaCl did not lead to precipitation. Si–NH2 and Si–NH2·ODN

• can be precipitated by acetone. The unbound oligonucleotide after precipitation of Si–NH2·ODN remains in solution and can be detected spectrophotometrically. This “acetone precipitation” technique allowed us to evaluate the optimal molar ratio of the amino groups in the nanoparticles to the phosphate

• highest dilution of the virus, which caused the hemagglutination reaction. (a) Evaluation of molar ratio of the amino groups in the nanoparticles to the phosphate groups, NH2/p, for the complete binding of ODN(1) with Si–NH2 nanoparticles using the “acetone precipitation” technique. The amount of (1

Droplet-based synthesis of homogeneous magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Christian D. Ahrberg,
• Ji Wook Choi and
• Bong Geun Chung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2413–2420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.226

• concentration is increased by more than one order of magnitude in droplet reactions, the fast precipitation of large amounts of nanoparticles could lead to the buildup of nanoparticle deposits on the fused silica capillaries in some cases and to a blocking of the capillaries. The batch particles showed a zeta

Hierarchical heterostructures of Bi₂MoO₆ microflowers decorated with Ag₂CO₃ nanoparticles for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic removal of toxic pollutants

• Shijie Li,
• Wei Jiang,
• Shiwei Hu,
• Yu Liu,
• Yanping Liu,
• Kaibing Xu and
• Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2297–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.214

• . Herein, we synthesized flower-like Ag2CO3/Bi2MoO6 heterostructures, in which Ag2CO3 nanoparticles were evenly anchored on Bi2MoO6 microflowers to construct novel hierarchical heterojunction photocatalysts by via in situ precipitation. The photocatalytic properties of Ag2CO3/Bi2MoO6 was measured regarding

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

• Marvin Siebels,
• Lukas Mai,
• Laura Schmolke,
• Kai Schütte,
• Juri Barthel,
• Junpei Yue,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Bernd M. Smarsly,
• Anjana Devi,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

• on the liquid precipitation reaction between soluble rare-earth metal salts and alkaline fluorides. A co-thermolysis of Na(CF3COO) and RE(CF3COO) in oleic acid/oleylamine for the synthesis of NaREF4 (RE = Er(III), Tm(III)) has also been described [8]. One problem of these syntheses is that the

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• , TBOT molecules have a high solubility in ethanol but not in acetonitrile [14]. As a result, when the concentration of ACN increases, the TBOT and its hydrolysate molecules are forced to form nucleates rapidly and to precipitate out of the solution [32][33]. This rapid nucleation and precipitation

Nanocomposites comprised of homogeneously dispersed magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles and poly(methyl methacrylate)

• Sašo Gyergyek,
• David Pahovnik,
• Ema Žagar,
• Alenka Mertelj,
• Rok Kostanjšek,
• Miloš Beković,
• Marko Jagodič,
• Heinrich Hofmann and
• Darko Makovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1613–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.153

• enable the preparation of nanocomposite films by spin coating and the precipitation of a nanocomposite in a form that is easily milled into powders, for example. Therefore, it is desirable to develop synthesis methods to prepare them. In this paper we present a simple method for preparing magnetic iron

• nanoparticles is related to the lower yield of precipitation of PMMA, decreasing the amount of isolated PMMA. PMMA is not soluble in pure methanol, however, in our case we precipitated nanocomposites by adding methanol to the suspension in toluene. In the precipitation mixture of toluene and methanol, a small

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO₂(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

• Huan Xing,
• Wei Wen and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

• time of 2 h, TiO2 dots were found to be distributed homogeneously on the TGN surface. The nanosheet branches grew continuously upon further precipitation for up to 24 h. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image illustrates the precipitation of branched nanobelts on rGO surfaces (labelled as G

• constant of the present “sheet-on-belt” branched TiO2(B)/rGO photocatalyst is 1.7 times that of TiO2(B)/rGO and 2.9 times that of pristine TiO2(B) nanobelts. Experimental Material synthesis 1. Precursor solution: The precursor solution for precipitation of nanosheet branches was prepared following Wen et

• TGN-branch x h, where x refers to the precipitation time in the precursor solution. Characterization The morphology was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, Hitachi S-4800) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-2100). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were

Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• , which was greater than that of PEG-SPIOs and IPC-SPIOs, likely due to aggregation and polydispersity of the sample synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The zeta potential of the uncoated SPIOs is strongly negative (−50 mV), while the zeta potential of PEG-SPIOs is slightly higher (−45 mV) due

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• determining the activity and the selectivity of the catalysts are the dispersion and the physico-chemical characteristics of active metals on the support catalyst. Three general approaches are applied for the catalyst preparation, including (i) deposition of active metals onto a support; (ii) precipitation of

• . Zanganeh et al. [34] used the co-precipitation method to prepare a NiO–MgO nanocrystalline solid solution catalyst. High Ni (25 wt %) content negatively affected the supression of carbon deposition on the solid solution catalyst. However, high Ni dispersion and the basicity of the support surface could

• co-precipitation methods for the preparation of a Ni–MgO–Al2O3 catalyst. The Ni particle size was uniformly distributed in the catalysts prepared via sol–gel. TGA results clearly showed that 13% and 7.7% carbon was deposited on the catalysts prepared via the sol–gel method and the co-precipitation

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• -mediated natural precipitation. It has been reported that formation of CaCO3 NPs in Lake Michigan is due to weather and temperature changes [81]. These small sea salt aerosols act to transfer microorganisms and pollutants that may increase casualties in plants, animals, and humans via adverse health

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• known for its ability to increase the endurance performance of athletes, which resulted in its inclusion to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibited list. Results and Discussion Following the procedure proposed by Lyu et al. [26], Ag2O cubic crystallites were synthesized by alkaline precipitation

Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• background correction technique with reference was used. The quantitative determination of Pb, Cd, and Cu was carried out by the external calibration graph technique. Synthesis of ferrite nanoparticles doped with Ca2+, Co2+, Mn2+, or Ni2+ To obtain doped ferrite nanoparticles, a modified co-precipitation

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• for preparing a catalyst such as impregnation, sol–gel, incipient-wetness, co-precipitation, electroplating, and the polyol process. Some of the catalysts prepared via these methods can achieve low temperatures of SCR with content resistance of H2O and SO2. Each method is different from the other, and

• -precipitation method has also been applied in the preparation of the SCR catalyst. This technique is much more preferable due to its simple handling procedure and time-saving process. In addition, particle size and composition of the catalyst structure is easy to control [43]. In general, the preparation method

• in the furnace at a specified reaction temperature. Many researchers have used the co-precipitation technique for catalyst preparation to investigate the SCR reaction of NO. For instance, Zhang et al. [44] prepared Mn–FeOx/CNT catalysts through redox co-precipitation to investigate NO reduction with

Optimisation of purification techniques for the preparation of large-volume aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics

• Furqan Almyahi,
• Thomas R. Andersen,
• Nathan A. Cooling,
• Natalie P. Holmes,
• Matthew J. Griffith,
• Krishna Feron,
• Xiaojing Zhou,
• Warwick J. Belcher and
• Paul C. Dastoor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 649–659, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.60

• precipitation into nanoparticles. OPV prepared from this method have shown great efficiency by reaching 4% [8], however, this method have so far only proven efficient on one donor–acceptor pair. The low versatility of this method as well as with a poor stability of the prepared suspension [9] greatly limits the

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• issues [45][46][47][48][49]. Synthesis routes such as sol–gel, hydrothermal, microwave hydrothermal, impregnation, electrochemical deposition, chemical deposition, deposition-precipitation, UV photodeposition and direct sunlight photodeposition have been reported [23][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58

• ][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86]. The conventional and most frequently used methods are the sol–gel and deposition–precipitation methods. These are mostly widely preferred due to the relatively facile and direct synthesis

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• approved two-stage technique. We transferred Au nanorods to organic media via 5 min of mixing of their hydrosol with a solution of PS-b-P2VP diblock copolymer in tetrahydrofuran. After drying, redissolution in tetrahydrofuran, precipitation by ethanol, centrifugation, and again drying, nanorods were

• solution evaporation to ca. 2 mL, which was stored in a fridge overnight. The next day, the nanoparticles were subjected to precipitation with ethanol, 5 min of centrifugation at 2000 rpm and drying. The precipitation-centrifugation cycle was repeated and the nanoparticles were redispersed in toluene

• respect to Au nanoparticles. The medium was stirred for 3 h at 40 °С, then evaporated to dryness, dispersed in a minimum amount of chloroform, precipitated with a 15-fold excess of ethanol, and centrifuged for 20 min at 6000 rpm. After repeating the precipitation-centrifugation cycle, the nanoparticles

Anchoring Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating

• Błażej Scheibe,
• Radosław Mrówczyński,
• Natalia Michalak,
• Karol Załęski,
• Michał Matczak,
• Mateusz Kempiński,
• Zuzanna Pietralik,
• Mikołaj Lewandowski,
• Stefan Jurga and
• Feliks Stobiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55

• , collected and dried overnight at 80 °C. Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized via a co-precipitation process, as follows: FeCl2·4H2O (1.72 g, 8.65 mmol) and FeCl3·6H2O (4.7 g, 17.38 mmol) were dissolved in water and degassed. Next, the temperature was elevated to 85 °C and 25% ammonia solution (20 mL

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO₂

• Patrycja Parnicka,
• Paweł Mazierski,
• Tomasz Grzyb,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewa Kowalska,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

• materials for various applications. According to the literature, RE-modified TiO2 could be prepared through a wide spectrum of methods, such as sol–gel [18][25], hydrothermal [23][26][27], solvothermal [28], electrospinning [29], co-precipitation [30] and electrochemical [8] methods. In our previous papers

Facile synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalysts for decolourization of organic dyes under solar irradiation

• Arjun Behera,
• Debasmita Kandi,
• Sanjit Manohar Majhi,
• Satyabadi Martha and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 436–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.42

• , hydrothermal [15][16][17] solid-state combustion, sol–gel, co-precipitation, mechanochemical [18] and microwave-hydrothermal assisted ionic liquids have been reported for the synthesis of metal ferrite [10][13][19]. Recently, Sharma et al. reported the synthesis of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles by an urea combustion

• the organic dyes (i.e., Congo red, Rh B, malachite green methylene blue) to CO2, H2O and the corresponding mineral acids [19][24]. Movahedi et al. have prepared ZnFe2O4 through precipitation tested the photocatalytic activity of ZnFe2O4 in the degradation of 5 ppm Congo red obtaining 64% degradation

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• phenomenon of pillar enlargement can also be explained by Ostwald ripening [43]. Pillar growth occurs due to recondensation, i.e., via the process of dissolving relatively small TiO2 pillars in water followed by re-precipitation at high pillars. The effectiveness of decolorization for the solutions of model

Humidity-dependent wound sealing in succulent leaves of Delosperma cooperi – An adaptation to seasonal drought stress

• Olga Speck,
• Mark Schlechtendahl,
• Florian Borm,
• Tim Kampowski and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 175–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.20

• relative humidity is 57%, and the precipitation is about 500 mm per year with 58 rainy days. In the dry winter month of September, statistically, only 2 rainy days and a relative humidity of 46% occur close to the town of Bloemfontain [16]. In the context of our experiments on self-sealing efficiency, high

Atomic layer deposition and properties of ZrO₂/Fe₂O₃ thin films

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Helina Seemen,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Mihkel Rähn,
• Aile Tamm,
• Kaupo Kukli,
• Aarne Kasikov,
• Joosep Link,
• Raivo Stern,
• Salvador Dueñas,
• Helena Castán and
• Héctor García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 119–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.14

• structures were found to possess ferromagnetic behavior [9]. Ferromagnetism was also observed in annealed Co and Fe co-doped ZrO2, prepared by the sol–gel method [10]. Samples of Mn- and Fe-stabilized cubic zirconia were obtained by a co-precipitation method and no ferromagnetism was observed in such samples

Facile synthesis of silver/silver thiocyanate (Ag@AgSCN) plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic performance

• Xinfu Zhao,
• Dairong Chen,
• Abdul Qayum,
• Bo Chen and
• Xiuling Jiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2781–2789, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.277

• nanostructured plasmonic photocatalyst, silver/silver thiocyanate (Ag@AgSCN), has been prepared by a simple precipitation method followed by UV-light-induced reduction. The ratio of Ag to silver thiocyanate (AgSCN) can be controlled by simply adjusting the photo-induced reduction time. The formation mechanism of

• cycle was almost the same as for the first cycle, which is notable for a Ag-based catalyst. Results and Discussion Ag@AgSCN nanostructures Ag@AgSCN nanostructures were synthesized by a simple precipitation method, followed by UV-light-induced reduction. As shown in Figure 1a, all the XRD patterns of the

• activity of AgSCN [31][32]. Formation mechanism of Ag@AgSCN nanostructures To investigate the formation mechanism of Ag@AgSCN nanostructures, a time-dependent precipitation experiment was conducted. It can be seen that small AgSCN nanoplates with size of ≈10 nm were formed in 2 min due to the low