A wideband cryogenic microwave low-noise amplifier

• Boris I. Ivanov,
• Dmitri I. Volkhin,
• Ilya L. Novikov,
• Dmitri K. Pitsun,
• Dmitri O. Moskalev,
• Ilya A. Rodionov,
• Evgeni Il’ichev and
• Aleksey G. Vostretsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1484–1491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.131

• system of the amplifier was based on a 10 mK closed-cycle dilution refrigerator where the amplifier was installed and fixed with screws to the copper holder at the 4 K plate. We used standard 2.2 mm CuBe 50 Ω coaxial microwave lines between 4 K stage and room-temperature SMA flange as input and output

• highly stable current source (marked as CS in Figure 5). The sample was placed in the copper sample holder with Pb and Mu-metal electromagnetic shields at the 10 mK temperature stage. A two-stage differential low-pass filter (marked as LPF) with 10 kHz bandwidth and wide stopband frequency range was

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• -based NPs have demonstrated antimicrobial activity over the last years. Several metal and metal oxide NPs, such as silver, copper, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, and nickel oxide NPs, are known to display antimicrobial activity [15][16][17] that depends on their composition, surface

• the environment [10]. Different parts of the plants can be used in the green synthesis of NPs. For example, spherical copper NPs (≈5–20 nm) were obtained by using Curcuma longa tuber extract and copper acetate dehydrate. These Cu NPs demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative

• bacteria and fungi, has increased. The antimicrobial activity of CuO NPs obtained from an Actinomycete bacteria in a copper sulfate aqueous solution was tested against a few pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Proteus mirabilis, Edwardsiella tard, Aeromonas caviae

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• also investigated palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and to a lesser extent even copper (Cu) [20][21][22]. However, there is no study analysing iridium (Ir) as catalytic metal. According to its standard reduction potential of 1.16 V, it is comparable to Pt (1.18 V) and Pd (0.95 V) and should work

• particles contribute significantly to surface coverage. The Au film covers 28% of the Si surface, while the Pd film covers more than 40% of the surface. This surface coverage comprises 1522 particles/μm2 at the Au wafers and 845 particles/μm2 at the Pd wafers, respectively. The wafers with copper show a

• structure partly rips and sometimes delaminates at the silicon–sponge interface. Figure 8 shows SEM images of the etching results using Cu nanoparticles. The wafers were etched with 10 mmol/L of H2O2 (Figure 8a,b) or with 50 mmol/L of H2O2 (Figure 8c,d). The images clearly demonstrate that copper is a

Triboelectric nanogenerator based on Teflon/vitamin B1 powder for self-powered humidity sensing

• Liangyi Zhang,
• Huan Li,
• Yiyuan Xie,
• Jing Guo and
• Zhiyuan Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1394–1401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.123

• lubricant to make a friction nanogenerator. Due to its sustainability and flexibility, paper can be used as a substrate and supporting structure. The conductive electrode is made of copper foil, while the triboelectric pair is comprised of Teflon tape and vitamin B1 powder. The approximate values of the

• -emitting diodes (LEDs) are integrated with the humidity sensor and the luminosity is an indicator of the relative humidity (RH) from the surrounding environment. Experimental The conductive copper foil tape is used as the electrode, while the paper (manufacturer: Miao Ben) at the bottom serves as a

• supporting platform. The Teflon tape (manufacturer: RUIGUAN) is cut to the desired size (4 cm × 5 cm) and pasted to the bottom of the conductive copper foil tape, serving as one element of the triboelectric pair. In addition, ≈20 ± 5 mg of vitamin B1 powder (manufacturer: Huazhong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD) is

Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth

• Owen C. Ernst,
• Felix Lange,
• David Uebel,
• Thomas Teubner and
• Torsten Boeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1371–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.121

• beneficial when intentionally used (e.g., to create strongly localized heat sources [7][8]), but it can also be disruptive (e.g., when ultrathin copper layers collapse on titanium nitride, damaging electronic devices [9][10]). However, in thin film applications these phenomena are rarely attributed to the

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• symmetry of the underlying alkane layer [27]. Buffer layers of tetratriacontane [25] and tridecylamine [31] were used to template the self-assembly of copper phthalocyanine. Room temperature STM measurements revealed that the adsorption as well as the diffusion of clusters of CuPc molecules was strongly

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• of two high-voltage power generators (NTPS-35K, Ntsse Co., Korea), a flow pump (LSP01, Longerpump Co., Ltd., China), a syringe (20 mL) with a capillary tip (diameter = 0.5 mm), a copper ring and a parallel electrode collector. The needle tip and the copper ring were clamped on the anode of the high

• , the PGCNFs prepared via electrospinning were disordered, while the PGCNFs synthesized via MPEM were highly ordered (Figure 2b and Figure 2c). The explanation for these results lies in the fact that after the copper ring was added, the number of electric charges on the surface of the stretched jet

• increased. As a consequence, the resultant force generated by the copper ring also increased, leading to an increase in the jet kinetic energy and acceleration of the jet downward stretching speed [34]. Therefore, the results showed that MPEM improved both the stability and ordering of electrospun

Role of redox-active axial ligands of metal porphyrins adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces in a liquid-STM setup

• Thomas Habets,
• Sylvia Speller and
• Johannes A. A. W. Elemans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1264–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.110

• additional currents were never observed in experiments with analogous porphyrins with a copper(II) or cobalt(II) center [10][11]. In the following, we will investigate the redox behavior of MnTUPCl at the solid–liquid interface in more detail. It is well-established that during and after the addition of

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• (TEM) To prepare the TEM specimens, a drop (10 μL) of a freshly sonicated nanoparticle aqueous solution was deposited onto a 140 mesh Formvar-coated copper grid and and air-dried under ambient conditions. TEM micrographs and electron diffraction patterns were obtained on a LEO 912 AB OMEGA microscope

• [57]. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) To prepare the specimens for HRTEM measurements, the samples were manually applied onto the lacey carbon-coated side of the 300 mesh copper grid and air-dried under ambient conditions. The particle morphology was characterized by TEM and

• HR800, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France) equipped with 100× magnification lens. The copper substrates were dip-coated in the sample solutions and dried under ambient conditions. The measurements of the produced films were conducted at room temperature and atmospheric air. A He–Ne laser (λ = 632.8 nm) was used

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• %) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) for 10 min at 2000 rpm using a planetary centrifugal mixer (ARV-310, Thinky, Japan), such that the resulting slurry had a solid content of 0.8 mg mL−1. The viscous slurry was coated on a copper foil current collector with a thickness of 10 μm

High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO₃ nanoparticles

• Adnanullah Khan,
• Amir Habib and
• Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

• , hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, solution 30% w/w, Scharlab, S.L.) and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O, reagent grade, ≥98.0%, Honeywell) solution are added to the BTO-Th mixture. The reaction is performed by stirring the mixture for 7 h at 50 °C. The product is washed with double-distilled water and

Revealing the local crystallinity of single silicon core–shell nanowires using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Marius van den Berg,
• Ardeshir Moeinian,
• Arne Kobald,
• Yu-Ting Chen,
• Anke Horneber,
• Steffen Strehle,
• Alfred J. Meixner and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1147–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.99

• original growth substrate by ultra-sonicating the growth substrate in purified water. For Raman and TERS investigations, nanowires are deposited on gold-coated silicon wafers as carrier substrates. For transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanowires are deposited on copper TEM grids with lacey carbon

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• S. aureus and E. coli. In a recent study, poly(5-(2-ethyl acrylate)-4-methylthiazole-g-butyl)/copper sulfide nanoclusters were prepared to efficiently capture and eliminate levofloxacin-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria upon NIR laser irradiation [83]. The authors demonstrated that

• , published in 2020, involved the synthesis of CuS nanoparticle monolayers on glass [85]. As shown in Figure 6, the antibacterial activity of these monolayers is based on two different mechanisms: (i) slow and sustained copper release from the CuS NP-glass samples, (ii) local temperature increase caused by a

• , such as silver or copper sulfide, they acquire a dual effect as shown for the copper sulfide nanoparticle case. Another example is carbon nanotubes which can damage bacterial membranes without the application of NIR light exposure [109]. However, the nanoparticle stability should always be verified

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• , silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), iron oxide (Fe3O4) and titanium oxide (TiO2) are well recognized options due to their outstanding antibacterial properties. These nanoparticles have antibacterial activity due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [9][10][11]; more

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• and e) and 5 nm (d). EDX spectra (a) for the gold nanoparticles and (b) for the background. The copper comes from the grid used during the experiments. Numbering used for the NMR assignment. Comparison of the 31P {1H} NMR data for all the generated compounds. Supporting Information The supporting

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• treatment is essential before using metal particles in further microwave arc experiments. All metal powders were treated with 0.5 M nitric acid under sonication for 10 min to create rough surfaces. In this process, copper partially gets oxidized to Cu2O. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show reflections

• of Cu2O after acid treatment, while the majority of Cu remains in the metallic form (Figure 1a). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of copper powder before and after acid treatment are shown in Figure 1b and Figure 1c, respectively. The SEM image clearly shows the sharp edges on acid-treated

• copper. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) or graphite powder (commercially available) are used as carbon source. g-C3N4 is synthesized and characterized according to [18]. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the formation of g-C3N4 (Figure S1 in Supporting

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• , identified in our preliminary works as ohmics [25][26], which form electrically transparent contacts with Te. The gold or copper wires were then attached to the electrodes with a silver paste. Figure 1A shows the surface morphology of a Te film grown on a Pyrex glass substrate at a rate of 10 nm/s. As shown

Uniform Fe₃O₄/Gd₂O₃-DHCA nanocubes for dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging

• Miao Qin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Mengjie Xu,
• Hui Yan,
• Yizhu Cheng,
• Xiumei Zhang,
• Di Huang,
• Weiyi Chen and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1000–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.84

• spectroscopy (EDS) was performed. The EDS spectrum shows that iron, gadolinium and oxygen were the main elements present in the nanocubes. No other impurity elements can be detected except carbon element, which contributes from carbon film on copper mesh used in the EDS experiments. EDS mapping indicates that

• analyze the distribution of the elements within the samples. The samples were ultrasonically homogenized for 30 minutes and an 8 μL aliquot was collected in a copper mesh and kept at 55 °C for 2 h. After drying, the samples were placed in the HRTEM for imaging. X-ray diffraction (XRD, UltimalV, Japan; Cu

Templating effect of single-layer graphene supported by an insulating substrate on the molecular orientation of lead phthalocyanine

• K. Priya Madhuri,
• Abhay A. Sagade,
• Pralay K. Santra and
• Neena S. John

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 814–820, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.66

• . Single-layer graphene was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a copper substrate and transferred by a standard technique using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) onto a SiO2 (300 nm)/Si substrate as reported elsewhere [30]. This process is optimized with regard to minimal PMMA contamination

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• electron microscope with a LaB6 cathode at 5–20 keV and a Bruker Xflash 410 silicon drift detector for energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometric (EDX) elemental composition analysis. M/CTF-IL suspension samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were dripped on a carbon-coated copper grid and excess IL

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• density of emitters. Such methods based on high-temperature annealing in air and ultraviolet ozone processing are effectively used to improve SP purity (g(2)(0) ≤ 0.1) and the linewidth (FWHM room temperature of ≈3 nm) of the ZPL of CVD-grown h-BN [108]. By control of the boron diffusion through copper

• grown on copper, nickel and iron substrates, with a high density of SPEs of ≈100−200 per 10 × 10 µm2 with more defined ZPLs at (580 ± 10) nm. The most promising approaches seem to be the strain-induced methods and the focused ion beam method, possibly combined with low-pressure CVD for more controlled

Structural optical and electrical properties of a transparent conductive ITO/Al–Ag/ITO multilayer contact

• Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 695–702, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.57

• works of Roh et al. [30] and Ding et al. [39] who used aluminum/palladium and copper interlayers, respectively. Carrier concentration and mobility of the IAAI films are higher than those of the ITO films. The IAAI carrier concentration increased from 6.2 × 10−21 to 8.9 × 10−21 cm−3 after annealing

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of heterostructured CuO–ZnO-loaded composite nanofiber membranes

• Wei Fang,
• Liang Yu and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 631–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.50

• methyl orange. Experimental Materials Anhydrous copper acetate (Cu(Ac)2, Mw = 199.65 g/mol) and anhydrous zinc acetate (Zn(Ac)2, Mw = 183.48 g/mol) were supplied by Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. and Aladdin industrial Corporation (Shanghai, China), respectively. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN, Mw

• = 150,000 g/mol) powders were purchased from Beijing Lark Branch Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, Mw = 400,000 g/mol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were provided from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Anhydrous copper sulfate (CuSO4, Mw = 159.60 g/mol), zinc

• ammonium ions will be released, and copper ions and zinc ions will form [Cu(NH3)4]2+ and [Zn(NH3)4]2+, respectively. Finally, Cu(OH)2 and Zn(OH)2 are formed under alkaline conditions after the addition of NH3·H2O. At a certain temperature and pressure, the water evaporate, and CuO and ZnO nanocrystals will

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• ], copyright 2010 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Figure panels 7D and 7F–H are reused, and panel 7E is adapted with permission from [99], copyright 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry. A) Principle of Aβ/copper and ascorbate- or Fe(II)-catalyzed formation of AuNCs. B) Illustration of fluorescence biomarking

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• capsules. The PAA/poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) capsules were chemically cross-linked by water soluble 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), rendering them high stability in vitro [52]. In another work, copper ions were used to form a complex with carboxylic groups of PAA, facilitating the

• have excellent physicochemical properties and are highly stable towards hydrolysis, oxidation and reduction. The different types of click reactions are as follows. First, a copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction of an azide with an alkyne catalyzed by copper is reported to form a

• stable triazole ring between the successive layers of the LbL assembly. Second, a strain-promoted Cu-free alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) uses strained alkynes for reaction with azide, thereby ruling out the issues with toxic copper. A third type of click reaction, the Diels–Alder cycloaddition (DAC