Templated green synthesis of plasmonic silver nanoparticles in onion epidermal cells suitable for surface-enhanced Raman and hyper-Raman scattering

• Marta Espina Palanco,
• Klaus Bo Mogensen,
• Marina Gühlke,
• Zsuzsanna Heiner,
• Janina Kneipp and
• Katrin Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 834–840, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.75

• the extracellular matrix provides a biological template for the growth of plasmonic nanostructures. This is indicated by red glowing images of extracellular spaces in dark field microscopy of onion layers a few hours after AgNO3 exposure due to the formation of silver nanoparticles. Silver

• space they surround provide a biological template for the growth process of plasmonic silver structures. In our experimental study, we exploit luminescence spectroscopy and dark-field microscopy for probing the formation of metal nanostructures in situ in the onion tissue. Local optical fields related

• stabilizing chemicals. The plant delivers not only the required chemicals, the extracellular matrix including cell walls in the onion layer also provide a bio-template for growing the plasmonic silver nanostructures. Green silver nanostructures grown in the cell walls and extracellular space are suited for

Magnetic switching of nanoscale antidot lattices

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Joachim Gräfe,
• Kristof M. Lebecki,
• Maxim Skripnik,
• Felix Haering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Eberhard Goering and
• Ulrich Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 733–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.65

Hierarchical coassembly of DNA–triptycene hybrid molecular building blocks and zinc protoporphyrin IX

• Rina Kumari,
• Sumit Singh,
• Mohan Monisha,
• Sourav Bhowmick,
• Anindya Roy,
• Neeladri Das and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 697–707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.62

• applications [43][44].These small molecules also provide the template for the construction of self-assembled supramolecular structures that undergo several self-correction steps in the due course of the construction of their complex structures [45]. These structures may be nanopores, nanofibers, nanotubes and

• in the present study is two-fold. Firstly, in the interaction of Zn PpIX with DNA, the former is hypothesized to provide template for assembly formation [45]. Secondly, the generation of ROS through excitation of porphyrins is an established fact [48]. The covalent conjugation of TPA with ssDNA was

• significantly increases the stability of the DNA duplex and simultaneously provides a template to initiate the formation of nanofibers [50]. The nanofibers appear to be compactly organized and bundled together in the form of elongated rope-like structures. However, in the absence of Zn PpIX during the self

Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies

• Claudia Koch,
• Fabian J. Eber,
• Carlos Azucena,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Alexander M. Bittner,
• Holger Jeske,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Fania C. Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 613–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.54

• the template [6][7]. Principal players in virus-based nanotechnology are cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), potato virus X (PVX), the bacteriophages MS2 and M13 and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV; for a list of abbreviations, see Table 1) [1][4][6][8]. The application

• , TMV-like particles (TLPs) of altered length, or non-linear more complex structures up to branched architectures may be generated [54][55][56][57][58][59]. Furthermore, it is possible to immobilize one end of the RNA template prior to its encapsidation by CP, resulting in TLP growth bottom-up at sites

• reaction. The resulting nanowell template was incubated with OAs-containing RNA, to allow its hybridization to ssDNA exposed on the bottom of the holes. After assembly-competent CP was applied, TMV-like rods were detected protruding in almost upright orientations (Figure 8B). Further improvements of the

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• ]. These achiral molecules are at first arranged on the surface in the form of chiral trimers, which then serve as the template for final 2D chiral hexagonal pattern. Upon adsorption on a gold surface, a racemic mixture of 17 self-assembles to form spatially ordered ribbon-like islands, which then lead to

Hemolysin coregulated protein 1 as a molecular gluing unit for the assembly of nanoparticle hybrid structures

• Tuan Anh Pham,
• Andreas Schreiber,
• Elena V. Sturm (née Rosseeva),
• Stefan Schiller and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 351–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.32

• anisotropy in shape and possible properties. However, nanoparticle (NP) assembly leading to one-dimensional (1D) superstructures or arrays has received less attention compared to their two- or three-dimensional equivalents [2]. The NP assembly can be conducted in a template-based or template-free way. In

• particular, a template-free approach is more difficult to achieve since specific interactions in terms of chemical and spatial interplay have to be ensured. The controlled assembly of NPs using organic compounds such as polymers [3][4][5][6][7], peptides [8][9] and DNA [10][11][12][13][14] demonstrate great

• nanomaterials. Furthermore, kinetic investigation of the formation of such 1D Au NP structures and the utilization of this structure, for example, as a SERS template and catalyst are also of great interest. The formation kinetics of Au NP networks triggered by Hcp1_cys3 is investigated using UV–vis spectroscopy

Functional fusion of living systems with synthetic electrode interfaces

• Oskar Staufer,
• Sebastian Weber,
• C. Peter Bengtson,
• Hilmar Bading,
• Joachim P. Spatz and
• Amin Rustom

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 296–301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.27

• : biointerface; biosensor; energy harvesting; nanoelectrodes; Physarum polycephalum; Findings The formation process of nanoelectrode interfaces (NEIs) was based on track-etch template synthesis as schematically shown in Figure 1a. First, monocrystalline gold (Au) nanowires in parallel arrangement featuring

Determination of Young’s modulus of Sb₂S₃ nanowires by in situ resonance and bending methods

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Alexander I. Livshits,
• Juris Prikulis,
• Subhajit Biswas,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 278–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.25

• conditions (e.g., clamping) than alignment of the external force. The obtained mean value was then compared to that of bulk material [35]. Experimental The examined Sb2S3 NWs were synthesized inside cylindrical pores of anodic aluminum oxide template (AAO) by a solvent-less technique. The as-synthesized NWs

• removing outgrown NWs from the surface of the AAO template. Alternatively NWs from dissolved AAO templates were also used for mechanical testing. In this case filled AAO templates with NW diameters ranging from 80 to 200 nm were polished, dissolved in 9% H3PO4, washed and dried. The as-prepared Sb2S3 NW

Chemical bath deposition of textured and compact zinc oxide thin films on vinyl-terminated polystyrene brushes

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Caroline G. Hofmeister,
• Peter Lindemann,
• Cheng Huang,
• Johannes Baier,
• Andreas Leineweber,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Christof Wöll,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 102–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.12

• stronger interaction between the then polar template and polar ZnO crystallites in solution. This may lead to oriented attachment of the crystallites so that the observed (002) texture arises. Characterization of the templates and the resulting ZnO films were performed with ζ-potential and contact angle

• measurements as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Infrared spectroscopy (IR) measurements were used to investigate the polystyrene brushes before and after modification. Keywords: bioinspired synthesis; polymer brush; template activation

• results imply an activated dynamic precipitation model of ZnO thin films, which is the result of a base-catalyzed transesterification of polystyrene brushes in the early stage of ZnO precipitation. Results and Discussion Template characterization For the deposition of the PS brush, the molecule depicted

Fabrication and characterization of novel multilayered structures by stereocomplexion of poly(D-lactic acid)/poly(L-lactic acid) and self-assembly of polyelectrolytes

• Elena Dellacasa,
• Li Zhao,
• Gesheng Yang,
• Laura Pastorino and
• Gleb B. Sukhorukov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 81–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.10

• mass of the multilayers. Then, hollow, spherical microcapsules were obtained by the removal of the CaCO3 sacrificial template. The chemical composition of the obtained microcapsules was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide X-ray diffraction (WXRD) analyses. The microcapsule

• are stable in acidic or basic conditions. This is due to the lack of pH-sensitive functional groups on the PLA polymers. Conclusion PLA stereocomplex microcapsules were successfully fabricated by the LBL technique using CaCO3 as a sacrificial template and enantiomeric PLAs with and without PEM

• the stereocomplex was also confirmed by the IR measurements. The SEM images showed a qualitative difference in the template surfaces coated with PLA and PEM layers respect to those coated only with PEM precursor. The characterization by TEM confirmed a successful template removal, resulting in intact

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• reduced to spherical NPs and their sizes range from 18 to 40 nm depending on pH, temperature, and the Au3+/dextran ratio. However, in acidic conditions, the reduction is very slow and large Au NPs with different shapes are formed [35]. Saha et al. utilized calcium alginate gel beads as a template for Ag

Fabrication of hybrid graphene oxide/polyelectrolyte capsules by means of layer-by-layer assembly on erythrocyte cell templates

• Joseba Irigoyen,
• Nikolaos Politakos,
• Eleftheria Diamanti,
• Elena Rojas,
• Marco Marradi,
• Raquel Ledezma,
• Layza Arizmendi,
• J. Alberto Rodríguez,
• Ronald F. Ziolo and
• Sergio E. Moya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2310–2318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.237

• approximate shape and size of the erythrocyte template after the latter is totally removed by oxidation with NaOCl in water. The PE/GO capsules maintain their integrity and can be placed or located on other surfaces such as in a device. When the capsules are dried in air, they collapse to form a film that is

• subsequent electrochemical reduction of the GO to rGO [18][19]. Using LbL, we explored the assembly of exfoliated GO into 3D structures and developed micrometre-sized capsules on the basis of GO and polyelectrolytes using chicken erythrocyte cells as templates. Template cells have been used in the past as

• capsule templates on the basis of a simple protocol, which includes the oxidation of the cell components to leave a thin polymer film in the form of a capsule that mimics the dimensions and topological features of the cell template [20][21][22]. We show that by incorporating GO within the LbL assembly on

Green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of natural bentonite-supported copper nanoparticles for the solvent-free synthesis of 1-substituted 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles and reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Akbar Rostami-Vartooni,
• Mohammad Alizadeh and
• Mojtaba Bagherzadeh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2300–2309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.236

• NPs/bentonite The Cu NPs/bentonite composite was prepared by a simple and inexpensive method involving the immobilization of Cu NPs on bentonite using an aqueous extract of Thymus vulgaris without the usage of any special capping agents or surfactant template. The plant not only functioned as a

Kelvin probe force microscopy for local characterisation of active nanoelectronic devices

• Tino Wagner,
• Hannes Beyer,
• Patrick Reissner,
• Philipp Mensch,
• Heike Riel,
• Bernd Gotsmann and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2193–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.225

• component in C++ using the Eigen template library for linear algebra [43], allowing us to perform offline tests with the same code that is compiled for the DSP. In its current state, our custom FM-KFM controller can work at sampling rates of up to 7200 Sa/s. Since the sideband signals are detected

Electrochemical coating of dental implants with anodic porous titania for enhanced osteointegration

• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Alberto Rebaudi,
• Pierpaolo Cortella,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Marco Salerno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2183–2192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.224

• oxide according to mutual interaction in a form of self-assembly. In addition, further opportunities for surface organization are provided by subsequent functionalization of the APT with functional overcoating layers of bioactive materials, eventually using the pores as a template. Here we report on APT

Self-assembly mechanism of Ni nanowires prepared with an external magnetic field

• Xiaoyu Li,
• Hu Wang,
• Kenan Xie,
• Qin Long,
• Xuefei Lai and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2123–2128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.217

• , electronic, sensor and electrochemical devices [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In particular, Ni nanowires have been the focus of intense research due to their easy preparation compared with iron and cobalt nanowires. There are several reported routes for the preparation of Ni nanowires including template-based

• electrodeposition [7][8][9][10], block copolymer lithography [11], and wet chemical reduction [12]. Among these methods, template-based electrodeposition is the most widely used to prepare Ni nanowires as highly-ordered and size-controlled nanowires can be obtained with this method. However, additional steps such

• aqueous solution by a template-free method combined with chemical reduction and the application of an external magnetic field. Based on a previous study [23][24], this paper focuses on the morphology change during the reaction in order to place the self-assembly mechanism into perspective. Surprisingly

Distribution of Pd clusters on ultrathin, epitaxial TiO_x films on Pt₃Ti(111)

• Christian Breinlich,
• Maria Buchholz,
• Marco Moors,
• Tobias Pertram,
• Conrad Becker and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2007–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.204

• (i.e., oxygen vacancies) in this structure are confined to these trenches and act as nucleation sites. Therefore, the Pd clusters are mostly arranged in unidirectional rows along the trenches, creating a template effect. The second phase, w'-TiOx, exhibits a hexagonal, long range, (7 × 7)R21.8°, Moiré

• -type superstructure with fewer and shallower defects, making the template effect less discernible. Keywords: cluster growth; palladium; platinum–titanium alloy; scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM); template; titanium oxide; Introduction Catalysts often consist of metal nanoparticles dispersed on an

• we investigate the template effect of two different structures of the same type of oxide on the cluster growth of the same metal, namely Pd on z'-TiOx and w'-TiOx. Experimental setup The scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) experiments were conducted on our custom-built LT-STM, which for the

An ISA-TAB-Nano based data collection framework to support data-driven modelling of nanotoxicology

• Richard L. Marchese Robinson,
• Mark T. D. Cronin,
• Andrea-Nicole Richarz and
• Robert Rallo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1978–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.202

• case but creating these specific files “on-the-fly” (i.e., at the point of data collection) is problematic. For example, a generic Assay file template would only indicate that certain, unspecified, experimental variables and endpoint values should be recorded using “Parameter Value […]” (or other

• specification [23]. The generic templates were adapted as follows. 1. Predefined “Comment […]” fields were added to the Investigation file template for recording additional important metadata, e.g., “Comment [GLP]” for recording whether or not the corresponding studies were carried out according to Good

• . For example, an Assay file template was designed for recording size measurements from a non-predetermined assay type (“a_InvID_PC_size_Method.xls”) in addition to some Assay file templates for recording size measurements obtained using specific assay types - such as dynamic light scattering (DLS

Template-controlled mineralization: Determining film granularity and structure by surface functionality patterns

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Jonathan Berson,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Johannes Baier,
• Joachim Bill and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1763–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.180

• controlling the properties of a self-assembling mineral film by means of the functionality and polarity of a substrate template. In the presented case, a zinc oxide film is deposited by chemical bath deposition on a nearly topography-free template structure composed of a pattern of two self-assembled

• monolayers with different chemical functionality. We demonstrate the template-modulated morphological properties of the growing film, as the surface functionality dictates the granularity of the growing film. This, in turn, is a key property influencing other film properties such as conductivity

• , piezoelectric activity and the mechanical properties. A very pronounced contrast is observed between areas with an underlying fluorinated, low energy template surface, showing a much more (almost two orders of magnitude) coarse-grained film with a typical agglomerate size of around 75 nm. In contrast, amino

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

• Nina Jeliazkova,
• Charalampos Chomenidis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Bengt Fadeel,
• Roland Grafström,
• Barry Hardy,
• Janna Hastings,
• Markus Hegi,
• Vedrin Jeliazkov,
• Nikolay Kochev,
• Pekka Kohonen,
• Cristian R. Munteanu,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Bart Smeets,
• Pantelis Sopasakis,
• Georgia Tsiliki,
• David Vorgrimmler and
• Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

• concentration, GI50, percentage viable cells), and cell line information, though not consistently. Importing the data into eNanoMapper takes advantage of NanoWiki using Semantic MediaWiki and its template framework: all data relevant to NanoQSAR can be retrieved from the wiki as RDF, in the form of a RDF/XML

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• of the template by chemical conjugation of peptides [16], poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [22], aniline [25][26], or succinamate [27] has been reported. Virus-based templates have gained especially important roles in the synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid nanostructures. They combine several

• and charge distribution of the surface of the core [22][26][27][63][64]. During the mineralization process, great effort is needed to avoid non-templated byproducts, as well as aggregation, re-organization and precipitation of the templates into extended superstructures of amorphous silica-template

• and plain TMVLys controls (and in some tests wildtype TMVwt) under equal conditions. The products were analyzed and compared to determine favorable TMV template–peptide combinations for specific silica mineralization. Results and Discussion Surface functionalization of TMVLys templates by conjugation

Formation of substrate-based gold nanocage chains through dealloying with nitric acid

• Ziren Yan,
• Ying Wu and
• Junwei Di

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.140

• -enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), imaging [9], and catalysis [10][11]. Up to now, several methods, such as template-based methods, Kirkendall effect, Ostward ripening, and galvanic replacement, have been developed to synthesize hollow metal nanostructures [12][13][14]. Among them, the galvanic replacement

• quasi-spherical nanoparticles [3]. During the replacement reaction, Au atoms are deposited epitaxially on the surface of the Ag template. They nucleate and grow into small islands, and eventually evolve into a shell around the silver particles. The thin shell formed in the early stage is incomplete, and

• of nanocages In our previous reports [23][24][25], we have electro-deposited template silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on ITO substrates and carried out the galvanic replacement reactions. Figure 1 shows top-view and tilted-view SEM images of unreacted AgNP templates and those exposed to aqueous 0.1 mM

Growth and morphological analysis of segmented AuAg alloy nanowires created by pulsed electrodeposition in ion-track etched membranes

• Ina Schubert,
• Loic Burr,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1272–1280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.131

• including composition, dimension, and crystallinity. Therefore, to develop synthesis methods that guarantee a precise control of these properties is important. A powerful technique to synthesise nanowires with well-controlled morphological and crystallographic characteristics is the so-called template

• diameters as small as about 15 nm can be fabricated [18]. By choosing different types of polymer membranes the surface morphology of the nanowires can be varied [19][20]. Since the successful growth of Cu/Co and Ni/Cu multilayer nanowires back in the 1990s [1][2][21], the template method has allowed for the

• File 1. In a next step, a Au layer was sputtered on one side of the polymer template, serving as the cathode for the deposition. It was reinforced with Cu, electrodeposited at room temperature in a two electrode set-up at a potential of −0.5 V between the Cu anode and cathode. The electrodeposition of

Preparation of Ni/Cu composite nanowires

• Hu Wang,
• Xiaoyu Li,
• Ming Li,
• Kenan Xie and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1268–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.130

• characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. The method has notable advantages: It is template-free, inexpensive, easy-to-operate, and it only needs a short reaction time, which makes it suitable for large-scale preparation. Keywords: copper nanoparticles; nickel nanowires; Ni/Cu composite nanowires; Introduction In

• surface of nickel nanowires, named Ni/Cu composite nanowires, was developed for the first time. The synthetic process consisted of two steps. Firstly, pure nickel nanowires were prepared in solution without template by applying a weak external magnetic field. Secondly, the obtained nickel nanowires were

• synthesized Ni nanowires before being used as a special template is shown in Figure 1a. Figure 1b shows the SEM image of the prepared Ni/Cu nanowires under optimal conditions that can be achieved at present. Uniform Ni/Cu composite nanowires with an average size of approximately 200 nm in diameter and 80 µm

Polymer blend lithography for metal films: large-area patterning with over 1 billion holes/inch²

• Cheng Huang,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1205–1211, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.123

• plasmonic resonance; metal islands; metal nanostructures; metal polymer blend lithography (metal PBL); nano-patterned template; nanoscale discs; optical transmission; perforated metal film; polymer phase separation; poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA); polystyrene (PS); self-assembly; spin-coating; surface