Graphene–graphite hybrid epoxy composites with controllable workability for thermal management

• Idan Levy,
• Eyal Merary Wormser,
• Maxim Varenik,
• Matat Buzaglo,
• Roey Nadiv and
• Oren Regev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 95–104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.9

• ). Single-filler composites: (a) TC and (b) viscosity and relative viscosity as functions of filler type and volume fraction at constant shear rate (0.1 1/s) and temperature of 25 °C. Each graph displays the fitting parameters. The solid lines in (a) are fits to the ROM model (Equation 1), and those in (b

Threshold voltage decrease in a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal doped with graphene oxide flakes

• Mateusz Mrukiewicz,
• Krystian Kowiorski,
• Paweł Perkowski,
• Rafał Mazur and
• Małgorzata Djas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 71–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.7

• dispersed graphene oxide flakes are interesting candidates for potential applications in liquid crystal modulators and filters, smart windows, and isotropic liquid crystal displays. (a) SEM image of graphene oxide flakes, (b) the equivalent diameter distribution of the GO flakes obtained by SEM. (a) AFM

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• commercial applications that require both transparency and electrical conductivity (employed in liquid crystal displays, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), touchscreens or in solar panels) is indium tin oxide (ITO), which unfortunately suffers from high cost and a limited supply of indium [5]. One

A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• water or centrifugation during LDH preparation [21]. In contrast, the HRR curve of OLDH displays a single peak around 458 °C, corresponding to the thermal decomposition of OCPS anions in LDH interlayers. The absence of a peak at lower temperatures suggests the purity of OLDH, which was consistent with

Femtosecond laser-assisted fabrication of chalcopyrite micro-concentrator photovoltaics

• Franziska Ringleb,
• Stefan Andree,
• Berit Heidmann,
• Jörn Bonse,
• Katharina Eylers,
• Owen Ernst,
• Torsten Boeck,
• Martina Schmid and
• Jörg Krüger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3025–3038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.281

• of the islands. By optimizing the growth conditions, it was possible to determine parameters (ca. 500 °C substrate temperature and 0.3 Å/s deposition rate) at which suitable indium island (precursor) dimensions were achieved [17]. Figure 7 displays the result of the optimization process for an array

• laser fluence of F = 7.8 J/cm2, the lower image displays the spray-like deposit on the acceptor side. Figure 9 provides the result of a LIFT process of a combined copper–indium donor layer consisting of a 20 nm thick copper layer and a 200 nm thick indium layer. In contrast to pure copper or indium

Electrostatic force microscopy for the accurate characterization of interphases in nanocomposites

• Diana El Khoury,
• Richard Arinero,
• Jean-Charles Laurentie,
• Mikhaël Bechelany,
• Michel Ramonda and
• Jérôme Castellon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2999–3012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.279

• filler. For instance, although the inorganic filler usually displays higher permittivity values than the polymer, the resulting nanofiller mixture in the matrix presents, at low nanofiller concentrations, a surprisingly lower dielectric constant than that of the two mixture components [10][11][12][13

• dielectric permittivity value of 9.8 (error = 5%) for a calibrated SiO2 upper layer with an apparent permittivity value of 17 (step A). Experimental data and simulations for PS + 50 nm SiO2 + 50 nm Al2O3 and PS + 100 nm Al2O3 samples. The subsurface SiO2 layer displays a dielectric permittivity value of 3.9

Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene

• Qian Zhang,
• Qiyu Gu,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pinggui Tang,
• Dianqing Li and
• Yongjun Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2980–2988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.277

• molar ratio between HALS and MP in the interlayer regions. Results and Discussion Analysis of HnMn′-Ca2Al-LDHs Figure 2 displays powder XRD patterns of HnMn′-Ca2Al-LDHs with sharp (002), (004) and (006) reflection peaks at low angles and the weaker (110) peak at a higher angle, corresponding to the

• visible-light transmission. Figure 7c,d displays the surface morphology and element distribution of H1M1-Ca2Al/PP composites from SEM and element mapping. Consistent with PP free of filler, a spherical structure is observed for Ca2Al/PP composites and Al (left) and Ca (right) elements are homogenously

• be used to slightly tune the thermal properties of the LDH/PP composites. Figure 8d displays the photo-oxidation degradation of HnMn′-Ca2Al/PP composite films under UV irradiation. The integrated area in the range of 1810–1660 cm−1 for all samples becomes larger with increasing UV exposure time. In

Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO₃·nH₂O for energy conversion and storage devices

• Zhenyin Hai,
• Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari,
• Zihan Wei,
• Danfeng Cui,
• Chenyang Xue,
• Hongyan Xu,
• Philippe M. Heynderickx,
• Francis Verpoort and
• Serge Zhuiykov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2845–2854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.265

• supports the dehydration tendency of WO3·H2O. When the samples were grown at 180 °C, only monoclinic WO3 (JCPDS no. 43-1035) with its dominant (002) facet existed in the sample. The crystal structure of monoclinic WO3 presented in Figure 1d displays 3D covalent bonding structures compared to the stacked 2D

• with grouped flower-like balls is highlighted in Figure 2g,h. The images show that the flower-like balls have a diameter of ca. 2.5 μm and are composed of self-assembled square nanosheets with similar sizes as the nanosheets in the layer grown beneath. The magnified image in Figure 2i displays

• ca. 2.8 μm and a thickness of ca. 0.4 μm grew crossed with each other at all angles, forming a network structure (Figure 4c,d). Figure 4e clearly displays the crossed square nanosheets in the network structure. The individual square sheets were measured to be ca. 3.5 μm long and ca. 0.7 μm thick

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

• Sherif Okeil and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

• wavelength of 632.8 nm is given in Figure 15a,b and Table S3 (Supporting Information File 1). As expected the commercial SERS substrate displays a higher SERS activity than the as-sputtered 200 nm silver film. However, the SERS enhancement of the as-sputtered 200 nm silver film can be greatly enhanced by an

Magnetic and luminescent coordination networks based on imidazolium salts and lanthanides for sensitive ratiometric thermometry

• Pierre Farger,
• Cédric Leuvrey,
• Mathieu Gallart,
• Pierre Gilliot,
• Guillaume Rogez,
• João Rocha,
• Duarte Ananias,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Emilie Delahaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2775–2787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.259

• , the excited states of the ligands also contribute to the entire excitation spectra of Tb3+, as shown below. The emission spectra of [Gd(L)(ox)(H2O)], [Eu(L)(ox)(H2O)] and [Tb(L)(ox)(H2O)] recorded at 297 K and 12 K are given in Figure 5. [Gd(L)(ox)(H2O)] displays two broad bands from 390 to ca. 650 nm

Low cost tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy fabricated by two-step electrochemical etching of 125 µm diameter gold wires

• Antonino Foti,
• Francesco Barreca,
• Enza Fazio,
• Cristiano D’Andrea,
• Paolo Matteini,
• Onofrio Maria Maragò and
• Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2718–2729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.254

• step size of 10 nm. It displays adjacent gold terraces separated by trenches. The top diagonal trench has a depth of ≈10 nm and width of ≈50 nm at its largest point (line profile in Figure 9b). The bottom trench is approximately two times deeper. The TERS map in Figure 9c displays a strongly enhanced

Nanostructured liquid crystal systems and applications

• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Alexander V. Emelyanenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2644–2645, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.245

• Alexei R. Khokhlov Alexander V. Emelyanenko Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.9.245 Keywords: artificial muscles; displays; energy saving; liquid crystals; photoinduction; sensors; Liquid crystals are smart materials

• having numerous applications in liquid crystal displays, modulators, sensors, solar cells, etc. Liquid crystals are used in both large and small devices. They surround us everywhere: in our house, on the street, and at our job. Liquid crystals are applied in biology and medicine, and for oil recovery as

• indicates that investigations of liquid crystals on the nanoscale are essential for the survival and development of civilization. Most everyone today in the modern world uses multiple display devices (e.g., TV, computer monitors, smartphones, projectors). Most of such displays are based on nematic liquid

Characterization of the microscopic tribological properties of sandfish (Scincus scincus) scales by atomic force microscopy

• Weibin Wu,
• Christian Lutz,
• Simon Mersch,
• Richard Thelen,
• Christian Greiner,
• Guillaume Gomard and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2618–2627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.243

• . Figure 6a displays the friction-vs-load curves of the investigated samples comprising Teflon, PMMA, silicon, sandfish, S. diadema and HOPG. All of these measurements were conducted with the same sharp silicon tip. For each sample, we measured a friction loop [17] for each load value and calculated the

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• introduced in 1958, displays higher therapeutic efficacy in solid tumours like colon, rectum and breast cancers. 5-FU exhibits increased bioavailability and a versatile generation of antineoplastic properties and is a commonly administered chemotherapeutic drug. Due to its nucleotide analogue chemical

Metal–dielectric hybrid nanoantennas for efficient frequency conversion at the anapole mode

• Valerio F. Gili,
• Lavinia Ghirardini,
• Davide Rocco,
• Giuseppe Marino,
• Ivan Favero,
• Iännis Roland,
• Giovanni Pellegrini,
• Lamberto Duò,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Luca Carletti,
• Andrea Locatelli,
• Aristide Lemaître,
• Dragomir Neshev,
• Costantino De Angelis,
• Giuseppe Leo and
• Michele Celebrano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2306–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.215

• enhancement is about six times higher in the hybrid structure than in the isolated cylinder, as shown by the comparison between Figure 3a and Figure 3b. Figure 3c displays the wavelength-dependent total scattered power and internal energy stored in the structure, which confirm the anapole-like behavior at the

Hierarchical heterostructures of Bi₂MoO₆ microflowers decorated with Ag₂CO₃ nanoparticles for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic removal of toxic pollutants

• Shijie Li,
• Wei Jiang,
• Shiwei Hu,
• Yu Liu,
• Yanping Liu,
• Kaibing Xu and
• Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2297–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.214

• the flower-like architecture. The representative ACO/BMO-30 displays the flower-like structure, the surface of which is decorated with Ag2CO3 nanoparticles (size: 10–50 nm, Figure 2c,d). In contrast, the previously reported Ag/Ag2CO3/Bi2MoO6 is composed of Bi2MoO6 nanoplates and Ag/Ag2CO3 nanorods

• /nanoparticles [32]. Further information about the structure of ACO/BMO-30 was collected from TEM images (Figure 3). The TEM images are in line with the SEM observations, i.e., ACO/BMO-30 exhibits a flower-like architecture loaded with Ag2CO3 nanoparticles (Figure 3a,b). The HRTEM displays two different lattice

• under visible light was measured. Figure 6a displays the degradation of RhB as a function of the time. The RhB concentration remains unchanged in the absence of catalysts. In the presence of bare Bi2MoO6 and Ag2CO3 only 39.8% and 58.7% of RhB were degraded after 90 min of reaction time. The degradation

Surface energy of nanoparticles – influence of particle size and structure

• Dieter Vollath,
• Franz Dieter Fischer and
• David Holec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2265–2276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.211

• zero for the surface energy; for values d < 2/α the results are negative. Approximations of the surface energy are only possible in the range d > 2/α. Figure 4 displays the course of the surface energy as described by Equation 6. The limitations for meaningful results are well visible in this graph. As

• a further example for theoretically derived values for the surface energy γ, Figure 5 displays the surface energy of gold nanoparticles as a function of the particle diameter [26]. These values were obtained using a function of the type of Equation 6. As was discussed in context with Equation 6

• , these results are only valid for γ ≥ 0. To demonstrate the insignificant role of the specific surface strain energy on the surface energy, the insert in Figure 5 displays the particle size dependence of this quantity. Although its contribution increases drastically with decreasing particle size, its

Intrinsic ultrasmall nanoscale silicon turns n-/p-type with SiO₂/Si₃N₄-coating

• Dirk König,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Noël Wilck,
• Birger Berghoff,
• Merlin Müller,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Giovanni Di Santo,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Joachim Mayer,
• Sean Smith and
• Joachim Knoch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2255–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.210

• potential that results in self-blocking FETs at VGS = 0 V. Clearly, device I shows a substantially higher on-state performance, becoming even more obvious with increasing underlap region lcon. The inset of Figure 8c displays the drive current at VGS = −1.5 V, showing that device I exhibits very small

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• indicates that the electron–hole recombination is efficiently suppressed by the surface antimony-rich layer [105]. Sn-based hybrid perovskites The MASnI3 perovskite displays a bandgap of ≈1.3 eV [74][81] corresponding to the absorption onset at λe ≈ 950 nm, which is significantly shifted as compared to the

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

• Pascal Kaienburg,
• Benjamin Klingebiel and
• Thomas Kirchartz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2114–2124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.200

• conditions, the role of the polymeric hole transport material is discussed. The efficiency of our best solar cells exceeds previous reports for each processing route, and our champion device displays one of the highest efficiencies reported for planar antimony sulfide solar cells. Keywords: antimony sulfide

A scanning probe microscopy study of nanostructured TiO₂/poly(3-hexylthiophene) hybrid heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications

• Laurie Letertre,
• Roland Roche,
• Olivier Douhéret,
• Hailu G. Kassa,
• Denis Mariolle,
• Nicolas Chevalier,
• Łukasz Borowik,
• Philippe Dumas,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Roberto Lazzaroni and
• Philippe Leclère

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2087–2096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.197

• -AFM measurements presented in the last section. As shown in the Supporting Information File 1 (Figure S1), no ungrounded potential is to be detected at the top of the nanocolumnar TiO2 film. This can therefore not be the origin of the Vcpd contrast observed on the bare TiO2 columns. Figure 3a displays

• the P3HT-COOH, followed by the generation of charges at the TiO2/P3HT-COOH interface. The positive sign of the photocurrent means that the charges collected at the tip are holes. The generation and collection of charges upon illumination can be explained on the basis of Figure 6e, which displays the

• columns varies, and is therefore not impacted solely by the topographic variations. We note that the Iph contrast is qualitatively similar to that of the Vcpd observed in Figure 2, in which the top of the bare TiO2 nanocolumns displays more negative Vcpd values. Iph and Vcpd quantify two different

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• higher temperatures (ΔT > 40 °C) in the latter case [3][8][9][10]. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer is also an attractive material for GNS-based film fabrication, as it displays a range of useful properties, namely, low toxicity, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, chemical stability, and excellent film

A variable probe pitch micro-Hall effect method

• Maria-Louise Witthøft,
• Frederik W. Østerberg,
• Janusz Bogdanowicz,
• Rong Lin,
• Henrik H. Henrichsen,
• Ole Hansen and
• Dirch H. Petersen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2032–2039, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.192

• ) displays a behaviour radically different from the others. The reason is that R0 for the resistance signal method is determined completely without the influence of the Hall signal. Thus, a higher magnitude Hall signal will not result in a reduction of the uncertainty of R0. Instead, we see that the error of

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

• Marvin Siebels,
• Lukas Mai,
• Laura Schmolke,
• Kai Schütte,
• Juri Barthel,
• Junpei Yue,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Bernd M. Smarsly,
• Anjana Devi,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

• important representative of this category are AREF4 compounds (A = alkali metal), with unique optical, magnetic and piezoelectric properties [7]. They are applied in solid-state lasers, three-dimensional flat-panel displays, and low-intensity IR imaging [8]. Syntheses of these AREF4-type compounds are based