Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• significantly impact its response. The gas adsorption and desorption kinetics and the chemical activation of WO3 are closely related to the working temperature [6]. The optimal working temperature for various gases is different due to the redox reaction energy required. This therefore provides the possibility

• temperature further increases. For the detection of H2S, NH3 and CO for all four sensors, the maximum response values were achieved at 90 °C, 150 °C and 210 °C, respectively. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the gas adsorption and desorption on the surface of WO3 could be responsible for this “increased

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• -order kinetics model [38]: ln C/C0 = kt, where the apparent reaction rate constant and degradation time are expressed by k and t, and the initial concentration of RhB and the concentration at transit time t are represented by C0 and C, respectively. Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2a shows the UV

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• exceeded that of 4-NP (and remains constant throughout the experiment), both films were found to follow pseudo-first order kinetics [41]. This reduction followed the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, where both reactants (4-NP and BH4−) were adsorbed on the AuNP surface at a fast rate. In the next step, electron

Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi₂O₄ microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Weilong Shi,
• Mingyang Li,
• Hongji Ren,
• Feng Guo,
• Xiliu Huang,
• Yu Shi and
• Yubin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1360–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.134

• constants of all as-prepared materials with good linearity following first-order kinetics. The kinetic constant with added 2.5 wt % Au/CBO is 4.76 times higher than that with bare CBO. Recycling experiments were performed to test the stability of Au/CBO (Figure 6d). There was a slight decrease of

• using 2.5 wt % Au/CBO as a photocatalyst. (c) First-order kinetics of the TC degradation curves using different photocatalysts. (d) Three consecutive runs of TC degradation over 2.5 wt % Au/CBO photocatalyst. (a) Photocurrent response and (b) EIS spectra of bare CBO and 2.5 wt % Au/CBO composite under

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• promising technologies in the field of renewable energy (and especially for transport applications), but the cost and lifetime are factors still to be improved in order to achieve widespread dissemination of this technology [1][2]. Due to the sluggish reaction kinetics for the ORR, the cathode active layer

Molecular attachment to a microscope tip: inelastic tunneling, Kondo screening, and thermopower

• Rouzhaji Tuerhong,
• Mauro Boero and
• Jean-Pierre Bucher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1243–1250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.124

• tunneling through excitation of molecular vibration modes. Parameter-dependent transport in a molecular junction In order to gain additional information about the kinetics of carriers not contained in the current–voltage characteristics we want to evaluate the impact of the zero-bias peak on the thermopower

Porous N- and S-doped carbon–carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries

• Maike Schnucklake,
• László Eifert,
• Jonathan Schneider,
• Roswitha Zeis and
• Christina Roth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1131–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.113

• in higher currents compared to the only carbonized samples. The obtained data suggest that the kinetics regarding the VO2+/VO2+ redox couple follow the order of carbonized < composite (N-doped) < composite (co-doped with N and S). This means that the redox reaction of the vanadium ions proceeds more

Glucose-derived carbon materials with tailored properties as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Rafael Gomes Morais,
• Natalia Rey-Raap,
• José Luís Figueiredo and
• Manuel Fernando Ribeiro Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1089–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.109

• electrocatalyst used for the reaction. The most commonly used electrocatalyst to supply faster kinetics and a four-electron pathway are platinum-based materials [3][4], which are costly and may assume up to 50% of the total cost of a fuel cell [5]. Transition metals [6][7], metal oxides [8][9] and carbon

• frequencies, indicating a lower charge transfer resistance, which allows the kinetics of the ORR to increase, and consequently, a higher onset potential is observed for sample AG6h (the values of the onset potential are shown in Supporting Information File 1, Table S4). In addition, these results also suggest

• that a more developed microporous structure favors the electrolyte diffusion to the most electrochemically active pores, which also contributed to the ORR kinetics. Moreover, clear differences regarding ionic transportation are also observed at medium frequencies. Sample AG1h shows a more defined

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• surface and are immediately replaced by high-affinity proteins with lower abundance and slower kinetics, such as apolipoproteins and immunoglobulins [4][24]. According to the predominant protein band at MW = 66 kDa, we suggest an enrichment of HSA in the corona of the PLGA NPs following incubation with 1

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• to the kinetics of the reaction taking place at the cathode [37]. The constant phase element CPEdl represents the capacitance of the double layer formed at the cathode. The diffusion of oxygen and lithium ions in the electrolye results in a low-frequency linear Warburg component, Ws. The slope of the

• charge transfer resistance, improves the kinetics of the reaction. Topographical observations using AFM AFM was used to monitor morphological changes on the glassy carbon cathode surface. The topography images in Figure 3 and Figure 4 each show one of the nine scanned regions at two different water

Fabrication of silver nanoisland films by pulsed laser deposition for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Bogusław Budner,
• Mariusz Kuźma,
• Barbara Nasiłowska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 882–893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.89

• deposition changes the kinetics of Ag nanoisland growth, which gives a higher average EF value while maintaining the relative intensity deviation at 17%. In contrast, an increase in the temperature of the furnace to the 340 ± 3 °C (samples H and I) leads to a reduction of EF to less than half the value of

An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• , more reliable, low cost, highly efficient and environmentally benign energy storage devices must be explored. Among many energy storage devices, supercapacitors are an ideal option for fast energy storage due to their high specific power (>10 kW kg−1), fast charge–discharge kinetics (in units of

• amount of charge than double layer supercapacitors and exhibits superior energy density [6]. Pseudo-supercapacitors have limited electrical conductivity and slow charge–discharge kinetics, resulting in a significant decrease in power density. Supercapacitors have been explored by realizing both faradaic

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• water. The mechanism of this transformation between the CsPbBr3 PNCs and Cs4PbBr6 PNCs and their morphology change are studied, involving ions equilibrium, anisotropic growth kinetics, and CsBr-stripping process. Keywords: CsPbBr3 PNCs; Cs4PbBr6 PNCs; polar-solvent-free; reversible transformation

• between 0.5 and 1.5 mL, the morphology of PNCs gradually becomes irregular and some hexagonal shapes emerge (Figure 5c–e). As the amount of OAm increase to 3.0 mL, Cs4PbBr6 PNCs with homogeneous hexagonal shape can be achieved (Figure 5h). These results suggest that the growth kinetics of this process can

• images (Figure 4c–h) clearly confirm that the morphology of these PNCs can be tuned easily by changing the amount of OAm in the precursor solution, while keeping the amount of OA unchanged. We attribute this morphology change to the crystal anisotropy induced by the growth kinetics. The capping ligands

Direct observation of the CVD growth of monolayer MoS₂ using in situ optical spectroscopy

• Claudia Beatriz López-Posadas,
• Yaxu Wei,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Daniel Kahr,
• Michael Hohage and
• Lidong Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 557–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.57

• led to the great improvement of the film quality and a well-orientated MoS2 monolayer has even been fabricated in wafer scale [12][14][16][19]. These results highlight the important role of surface kinetics in the CVD growth of the 2D TMDCs. In order to improve our understanding of the surface

• kinetics involved, in situ studies performed during the CVD growth of 2D TMDCs are essential. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study in this direction has been reported despite its importance. Consequently, the growth mechanisms are still the subject of much speculation. Because typical CVD

• molecule adsorption [22][23] as well as strain field [24]. These facts make optical spectroscopy a sensitive probe to monitor the surface kinetics involved during the growth of 2D TMDCs. Furthermore, the optical methods used in the visible range can be applied under various environments including vacuum

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• peaks, which is related to the poor conductivity (larger ohmic resistance) of Ni(OH)2 nanopetals [21][43]. Larger ohmic resistance leads to slow kinetics of charge transport and interfacial charge transfer of the material. Thus, the electrode reaction rate slows down, resulting in a reduced

• reservoir” structure is badly damaged. This results in a decrease in the surface area of active materials and subsequently leads to the decline in the volumetric capacitance of the electrode. Impedance spectroscopy To better understand the kinetics of the charge transfer within the electrodes, EIS

Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

• Rekha Bai,
• Dinesh K. Pandya,
• Sujeet Chaudhary,
• Veer Dhaka,
• Vladislav Khayrudinov,
• Jori Lemettinen,
• Christoffer Kauppinen and
• Harri Lipsanen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 274–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.26

• ; growth kinetics; nanocrystals; nucleation; twinning; zinc oxide; Introduction Metal oxide semiconductor nanostructures are quite interesting not only in terms of the basic growth mechanism involved in their fabrication, but also due to the large number of applications based on them in the field of

• pore pattern planned on the ITO substrate. Now, the growth of twinned NCs on ITO substrate can be understood in terms of nucleation and growth kinetics involved during the fabrication process. The electrodeposition technique employed in this work rules out the formation of twinned ZnO NCs by co-joining

• correlated to pore-size-dependent growth kinetics of ZnO crystals. In the case of the S600 sample that exhibits a vertical array of ZnO nanocrystals, the size of the pore was approximately equal to the width of ZnO NCs that are formed on bare ITO (sample SB). The growth conditions, still being same, allow

Removal of toxic heavy metals from river water samples using a porous silica surface modified with a new β-ketoenolic host

• Said Tighadouini,
• Smaail Radi,
• Abderrahman Elidrissi,
• Khadija Haboubi,
• Maryse Bacquet,
• Stéphanie Degoutin,
• Mustapha Zaghrioui and
• Yann Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 262–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.25

• indeed explained by the different binding affinity towards the adsorbent [57][58]. Effect of contact time and adsorption kinetics. The effect of contact time on the removal efficiency of Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) using SiNL was investigated (Figure 6). The adsorbed amount of metal increases

• ), Zn(II), and Cd(II). Synthetic route of our modified chelating material. Kinetics of heavy metal removal onto SiNL. Adsorption isotherm parameters of heavy metals onto SiNL. Thermodynamical parameters. Adsorption/regeneration of hybrid material towards Zn(II). Extraction of heavy metal in natural real

A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• confirmed by the study of degradation kinetics together with the analysis of the surface morphologies and elemental components of char residues. Moreover, in contrast to conventional organic modified LDH (e.g., dodecylbenzenesulfonate-LDH), the MCC results showed a significant decrease in the heat release

• thermal degradation behavior, the kinetics of LDH degradation in a nitrogen atmosphere was studied using the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) method [36][37]. The conversion (α, defined as the ratio of actual weight loss to total weight loss) as a function of the temperature at various heating rates (β) is shown in

• kinetics in N2 revealed that the apparent activation energies were impressively raised over a wide range of reaction extents (α = 0.1–0.95). Besides, a synergistic effect between the siloxane moiety and the Mg–Al hydroxide was found during thermal degradation, facilitating the char formation. Finally, the

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• substrate properties. Due to the time taken for etching, drift in the system is also noted as being significant. This is another factor requiring optimisation since it affects the quality of etched lines. Understanding the chemical kinetics of EBIE is important for achieving greater control over the

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• increases the resistance of the sensor. The sensing performances of MOS sensors are heavily affected by the working temperature, because the working temperature influences the kinetics, conductivity and electron mobility of MOS [30][31]. Since sufficient thermal energy is required to overcome the potential

Variation of the photoluminescence spectrum of InAs/GaAs heterostructures grown by ion-beam deposition

• Alexander S. Pashchenko,
• Leonid S. Lunin,
• Eleonora M. Danilina and
• Sergei N. Chebotarev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2794–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.261

• sputtering yield of the target, which affects the kinetics of the surface processes on the substrate. The influence of the thickness of the i-GaAs barrier layer (ST#2 samples) on the photoluminescence properties of the InAs/GaAs heterostructures is shown in Figure 2. It is seen that a decrease in the i-GaAs

• of this. Bi has a large atomic size, so it creates elastic strain in the GaAs lattice and thus influences the QD self-organization. Consequently, using Bi as a surfactant on the GaAs growth surface changes the kinetics of In surface diffusion during ion-beam deposition. Unchanged is the circumstance

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• ablation have also gained increasing importance in the last decade [60]. Rhodium nanoparticles can be prepared by reduction in the presence of suitable capping agents. The manipulation of the reaction kinetics by variation of synthesis parameters such as temperature and concentration leads to nanoparticles

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• = 0.5 h, the transients revealed that in fact Eonset starts below 0.05 V/RHE, while for longer ta, Eonset shifts to higher values (Figure S1d, Supporting Information File 1). This observation has been associated with electron mobility and charge separation kinetics [63]. As the electrode is illuminated

• . In Figure 9b, the relative concentration of MB is presented and the results show that the oxidation proceeds at a low rate for the first 20 min. After this, a marked change in reaction rate is observed indicating a change in the reaction kinetics. The first stage is associated with an adsorption

• that the PCA was assessed in a continuous-flow regime, while the PEC experiments were not. This would suggest that once the MB has saturated the surface of the electrode (nearly 20 min after the experiment started), the real kinetics of the reaction were observed. At this point, the oxidation of MB on

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co₃O₄ photocathode

• Malkeshkumar Patel and
• Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

• potential region of 0.2–0.4 V vs RHE as described below in detail. It is fundamental to optimise the thickness of the Co3O4 film. In order to improve light absorption, a thicker film is better. However, the Co3O4 film has a short carrier diffusion length due to the slow electron extraction kinetics

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• of Si anodes, the SEI formation is an ongoing process because of the recurring breakage of the already formed SEI and exposure of fresh Si to the electrolyte. Consequently, a very thick SEI may form after several cycles, affecting the reaction kinetics detrimentally. All these aforementioned factors