Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation

• Chuchu Li,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Hamed Rajabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33

• ). The specimens were indented using a SA2 Nanoindenter (MTS Nano Instruments, Oak Ridge, TN, USA) equipped with a Berkovich diamond tip. The elastic modulus of the specimens was measured using the continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) technique. CSM is a well-established technique for obtaining the

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Sahar Pourhoseini,
• Reilly T. Enos,
• Angela E. Murphy,
• Bo Cai and
• Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

• . Cytotoxicity, using LDH and MTS assays and based on exposure concentrations was not significantly different when comparing NPs and Ag ions. Based on differential uptake, AgNPs were more toxic after normalizing toxicity to the amount of cellular Ag uptake. Our data highlights the importance of correct synthesis

• significant toxicity effect at all concentrations. No significant difference was observed between treatments with PVP-AgNP and AgNO3 (or AgNO3-PVP) at any concentration. To study the effect of Ag on PBMCs the metabolic activity was measured by the MTS assay after 24 h of exposure. PVP alone had no significant

• for Ag ions released after cell interactions [52][53]. Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3 shows different Ag uptake levels for each of six individuals. In this study LDH toxicity assay was used for measuring cell viability and MTS assay for assessment of the cell metabolic activity. Metabolic

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• coatings of positively charged plasma-polymerized allylamine (PPAAm) or negatively charged Au were used, see below. Viability tests (MTS) were performed on glass, sputter-deposited Au, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and PPAAm coating with native titanium and cell culture plastic as reference. Cell viability

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• nanoparticles. Wysokińska et al. investigated such particles, with average sizes between 4 and 249 nm and IC50 values below 2 µg/mL, via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assays [42]. Despite the significant effects of the silica shell on cell

Monolayers of MoS₂ on Ag(111) as decoupling layers for organic molecules: resolution of electronic and vibronic states of TCNQ

• Asieh Yousofnejad,
• Gaël Reecht,
• Nils Krane,
• Christian Lotze and
• Katharina J. Franke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1062–1071, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.91

• used to calculate the tunneling matrix element Mts with an s-wave tip at a tip–molecule distance of 7.5 Å, work function of 5 eV. The map of the spatial distribution of is shown in the middle panel. a) STM topography image of a TCNQ island recorded at V = 1 V, I = 10 pA. b) Simulated (top panel) and

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• heparin/siRNA (v/v) ratio. The samples were electrophoresed on a 1% agarose gel containing 0.5 μg/mL ethidium bromide at 80 V for 20 min. The bands were imaged using the gel documentation system. In vitro studies Cell viability: The effect of blank polymer and polyplex was determined using MTS (3-(4,5

• incubation for specified periods of time (24 h or 48 h). MTS reagent (20 µL) along with 200 µL of serum-free media was added to each sample well and incubated at 37 °C for 2 h. The reaction was terminated with 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution. The absorbance was read at 490 nm using a multimode

• incubated for 48 h. The cell viability was then assessed using the MTS reagent as described above. Internalization studies: Internalization of the polyplex in A549 cells was studied with Cy3 fluorophore-tagged siRNA. A549 cells at a seeding density of 105 cells/well were cultured on a cover slip in a 6-well

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• plates and left to adhere overnight (5% v/v CO2 in air, 37 °C). Cells were then exposed to 0.25 mL of nanoparticle suspensions in full medium (concentration: 0.01–0.5 mg/mL) for 24 h, then determining viability using the CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS assay). Briefly

• , cells were washed with PBS and incubated for 1 h at 37 °C in medium containing 5% (v/v) of MTS solution. Cell viability was measured by reading the absorbance values at 490 nm (Synergy2 Biotek plate reader using Gen5 software) and normalized against the total protein content in each well (BCA assay

• targeting therapies has already been reported [22][34][35]. It is worth mentioning that HCT-116 apparently shows a lower CD44 expression (see Supporting Information File 1, Section SI5), but this does not imply a lower CD44 endocytic activity. The cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles was assessed using the MTS

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• not shown). To confirm the persistent functionality of the peptide after cysteine addition, NCI-H345 cells were exposed to escalating concentration of Tyr4-Bn and cystabn in serum-free conditions. As expected, Tyr4-Bn resulted in a scalable increase (p < 0.05) in cell number as judged by MTS assay

• quantification by MTS assay. Similarly, (E, F) show MTS growth data for H82 cells in the presence of Tyr4-Bn (E) or cystabn (F). Error bars are SD. Mass spectrometry characterisation of cystabn-lipid conjugate. MALDI–TOF mass spectra of crude DSPE-PEG2000-cystabn conjugate (A) and purified, post-dialysis, DSPE

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• tested by several methods. Standard MTS assay (Figure 7, Table S2, Supporting Information File 1) was conducted to investigate the NP cytotoxicity. These results are supplemented with apoptosis/necrosis activation (Figures S4 and S6, Supporting Information File 1) and production of reactive oxygen

• cells incubated with NPs indicate the initial level of induced cell death (22 ± 1%, MTS assay) in comparison with cells, incubated at 37 °C with NPs in the absence of AMF and control samples without NPs in zero field or exposed to AMF. This is well in line with the detection of apoptosis/necrosis as a

• to kill 79 ± 8% of cells according to the MTS assay. Consistent with this finding, more pronounced apoptosis/necrosis activation is detected (Figure S5D, Supporting Information File 1). Next, 4T1 cells are precultivated with NPs for 6 h before AMF exposure to increase NP–cell interactions. In this

Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn

• Maria Cecilia Evora,
• Xinyi Lu,
• Nitilaksha Hiremath,
• Nam-Goo Kang,
• Kunlun Hong,
• Roberto Uribe,
• Gajanan Bhat and
• Jimmy Mays

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 545–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.52

• each sample, a set of five spectra were collected at different points in the interval from 300 cm−1 to 3000 cm−1. All spectra were treated to subtract the background and the peaks were fitted using Lorentzian curves. The tensile properties of CNT yarns were assessed on a MTS single filament tensile

Uptake and intracellular accumulation of diamond nanoparticles – a metabolic and cytotoxic study

• Antonín Brož,
• Lucie Bačáková,
• Pavla Štenclová,
• Alexander Kromka and
• Štěpán Potocký

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1649–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.165

• types. Keywords: cell viability; FTIR; live-cell imaging; MTS; nanodiamond; SAOS-2 cells; Introduction Carbon-based materials in the form of nanostructures are showing great promise as engineering and biomedical materials [1]. Moreover, diamond represents a new class of material with properties that

• oxygen-terminated). The cytotoxicity of NDs against the SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line is evaluated in this work by counting adherent cells and by a mitochondrial metabolic activity test (MTS) after 3 and 7 days. Both the cell count and mitochondrial activity are positively correlated with the cell

• viability of the cells cultivated in the 1000 µg/mL (300 µg/cm2) suspension reduced by 25% when evaluated by MTS and by 35% when evaluated by the cell counting experiment. This pronounced effect may have been caused by the previously mentioned obstruction of access to nutrients by nutrient scavenging or by

Miniemulsion copolymerization of (meth)acrylates in the presence of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for reinforced coating applications

• Bertha T. Pérez-Martínez,
• Lorena Farías-Cepeda,
• Víctor M. Ovando-Medina,
• José M. Asua,
• Lucero Rosales-Marines and
• Radmila Tomovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1328–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.134

• between the clamps of 2 mm. The mechanical properties of the films were determined by tensile test measurement. The films with an average thickness of 450 µm were prepared by drying in Teflon molds at 25 °C and 80% humidity for 3 days. The measurements were performed in an MTS Insight 10 instrument at a

Assembly of metallic nanoparticle arrays on glass via nanoimprinting and thin-film dewetting

• Sun-Kyu Lee,
• Sori Hwang,
• Yoon-Kee Kim and
• Yong-Jun Oh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1049–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.106

• , nanoindentation measurements were conducted. The measurements were performed using a nanoindentation system (MTS Nano-indenter XP) equipped with continuous stiffness measurement using a Berkovich indenter, and the elastic modulus and nanohardness were calculated using the method of Oliver and Pharr [32]. The

Straightforward and robust synthesis of monodisperse surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters

• Silvia Varela-Aramburu,
• Richard Wirth,
• Chian-Hui Lai,
• Guillermo Orts-Gil and
• Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1278–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.118

• for one day with the mouse cell line L929 for a proof-of-principle study. Cell viability was measured using the MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt] assay [30]. The cytotoxicity of Glc-NCs, CTAB-NCs and THPC-NCs was compared. CTAB

Charge injection and transport properties of an organic light-emitting diode

• Peter Juhasz,
• Juraj Nevrela,
• Michal Micjan,
• Miroslav Novota,
• Jan Uhrik,
• Lubica Stuchlikova,
• Jan Jakabovic,
• Ladislav Harmatha and
• Martin Weis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 47–52, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.5

• –voltage characteristics have been recorded using an Agilent Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer 4155C in the voltage range from −0.5 to 10 V. The frequency measurements have been carried out by the MODULAB MTS system with offset from −0.5 to 8 V with the probe signal AC amplitude of 10 mV. The impedance

An ISA-TAB-Nano based data collection framework to support data-driven modelling of nanotoxicology

• Richard L. Marchese Robinson,
• Mark T. D. Cronin,
• Andrea-Nicole Richarz and
• Robert Rallo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1978–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.202

• increase in “cell death”) obtained from cell based in vitro assays such as MTT, MTS, LDH, and colony forming unit (CFU) counting [97][98][99]. The “percent cytotoxicity” columns (“Measurement Value [mean(percent cytotoxicity)]”, “Measurement Value [standard deviation(percent cytotoxicity)]”) are designed

Pulmonary surfactant augments cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles: Studies on an in vitro air–blood barrier model

• Jennifer Y. Kasper,
• Lisa Feiden,
• Maria I. Hermanns,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Michael Maskos,
• Ronald E. Unger and
• C. James Kirkpatrick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 517–528, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.54

• ® in the well was 0.04 mg/mL. Cytotoxicity, determination of cell viability: The viability of the cells was determined as described in our previous studies [9][10][11] using the CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS, Promega, G3582). After nanoparticle incubation, medium was

• removed and cells were washed twice with PBS to remove nanoparticle remnants, which can interfere with the MTS-reagent. The MTS reagent (MTS stock solution mixed with medium in a ratio of 1:10) was applied to the cell layer for 45 min and transferred to a new plate to measure OD at 492 nm. A

• viability (mitochondrial enzyme activity, MTS) after 4 h aSNP exposure with different surface modifications (–plain, –NH2, –COOH). The aSNP–plain caused the highest toxic effect with increasing aSNP concentration (5 µg/mL: 102 ± 4.7% of untreated control (uc); 50 µg/mL: 86.5 ± 10% and 100 µg/mL: 77.9 ± 6.7

Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization

• Lisa Landgraf,
• Ines Müller,
• Peter Ernst,
• Miriam Schäfer,
• Christina Rosman,
• Isabel Schick,
• Oskar Köhler,
• Hartmut Oehring,
• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Thomas Basché,
• Carsten Sönnichsen,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28

• nanoparticles and nearly absent for the D-penicillamine (DPA)-coated QDs. These effects most certainly depend upon the positive charge of CyA, which resulted in an electrostatic attraction to the negatively charged cell membranes. Beyond impedance measurements, the MTS assay with endothelial cells (SVEC4-10

• ) or 8.8 × 103 cells/cm2 (macrophages J774A.1). They were allowed to grow for 24 h before nanoparticle exposure. The cells were negative for mycoplasma as routinely determined via PCR. Cell viability plate assays (MTS and ATP) To determine the effects of different nanoparticles on cell metabolism, we

• used a colorimetric (MTS: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt; Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay, Promega, Germany) and a luminescence (ATPLite assay, PerkinElmer, Germany) based cytotoxicity assay. In this context, cells were

The effect of surface charge on nonspecific uptake and cytotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots

• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Anna Pietuch,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Thomas Basché and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 281–292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.26

• MDCKII by 20–25%. Although the cell vitality appeared unaffected (assessed from the changes in mitochondrial activity using a classical MTS assay after 24 h of exposure), the binding of QDs to the cellular interior and their movement across cytoskeletal filaments (captured and characterized by single

• effective characterization of the cytotoxicity are still to be defined. The majority of reports on QD cytotoxicity use conventional MTS and MTT assays [8][9][11][17][18][19], live/dead reagents and viability controls [14][20] to quantify the QD-impaired damage such as ROS production and mitochondrial

• biotinylated QDs [30], or to observe the movement of single, streptavidin-coated QDs along microtubules [31]. Results and Discussion ECIS and the MTS assay were used to evaluate the viability of MDCKII cells exposed to CdSe/ZnS QDs functionalized with positively-charged CA ligands, negatively-charged DHLA- or

Mechanical properties of MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods

• Anna Pietuch,
• Bastian Rouven Brückner,
• David Schneider,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Christina Rosman,
• Carsten Sönnichsen and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 223–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.21

• , however, such as MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) or MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) rely on viability readouts detecting the existence of active enzymes such as NAD(P)H-dependent cellular oxidoreductase

• ) and actin-filaments (Figure 1 A–C, IV) reveals that with increasing concentration and incubation time (data not shown) of CTAB-nanorods disassembly of the filaments occurs concomitant with an increase in viability loss. Cytotoxicity studies using ECIS and MTS tests show that at these concentrations

• signaling, for both CTAB spheres and rods, we found within 24 h after treatment a reduction of mitochondrial activity (by MTS or LDH) as well as the activation of reactive oxygen species [13][25]. Cellular mechanics plays an important role in many biological processes comprising cell adhesion, migration

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• from internalized silver nanoparticles appears to take place in astrocytes (Figure 11), as these cells upregulate the synthesis of the metal storage proteins, i.e., metallothioneins (MTs), after exposure to PVP-coated silver nanoparticles [104]. The strong upregulation of the cellular content of these

Nanodiamond-DGEA peptide conjugates for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin to prostate cancer

• Amanee D Salaam,
• Patrick Hwang,
• Roberus McIntosh,
• Hadiyah N Green,
• Ho-Wook Jun and
• Derrick Dean

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.107

• -carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS, Promega, Madison, WI) assay. Briefly, MTS assay reagent was added to the cells, and the plates were incubated for 2 h. The absorbance at 490 nm was read with a microplate reader. Cell viability was represented as percentages in reference to the control

• exposed to these treatments for 32 h, and MTS cell viability assay was performed. As shown in Figure 6a, there were no significant differences in cell viability for any of the treatments; the cell viabilities for NDs, DGEA, and ND-DGEA conjugates were all comparable to the control. With the demonstration

• that the individual drug delivery components did not elicit toxicity, PC3 cells then were exposed to no treatment (control) and various concentrations of free DOX, ND-DOX, and ND-DGEA-DOX for 32 h. Figure 6b summarizes the results of the MTS cell viability assay. The ND-DGEA+DOX systems caused

Optimizing the synthesis of CdS/ZnS core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals for bioimaging applications

• Li-wei Liu,
• Si-yi Hu,
• Ying Pan,
• Jia-qi Zhang,
• Yue-shu Feng and
• Xi-he Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 919–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.105

• studies, a cell viability (MTS) assay was carried out for F127-CdS/ZnS QDs. As shown in Figure 10, we tested the cell viability of Panc-1 cells, treating them with various concentrations of ternary nanocrystal formulations for 48 h. The cell viability remained at 84% even at a concentration as high as 500

Synthesis and catalytic applications of combined zeolitic/mesoporous materials

• Jarian Vernimmen,
• Vera Meynen and
• Pegie Cool

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 785–801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.87

• coordinated Ti [35][43]. Therefore, in the last decade, research has been focused on the combination of mesoporosity and zeolitic features [20][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Many promising materials, such as MTS-9 [51] and Ti-MMM-1 [52] have already been developed. The ultimate goal is to develop a “true

• that give rise to an enhanced catalytic performance in comparison with their purely zeolitic and/or mesoporous counterparts [51][52][57][58][59]. MTS-9 for example [51], gives rise to a higher catalytic activity in the epoxidation of styrene than Ti-MCM-41 and shows a selectivity and activity similar

• to TS-1 zeolite. In the hydroxylation of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, MTS-9 is more active than both Ti-MCM-41 and TS-1. However, there are also examples of combined zeolitic/mesoporous materials, wherein there is no significant improvement when a comparison is drawn with standard zeolites or mesoporous