Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• ) spectroscopy is used regularly to identify the chemical structure of MPs [34]. One of the most important developments for nanoplastic detection in complex environmental matrices is micro-FTIR to analyze particles smaller than 10 µm [35]. Raman spectroscopy improves on FTIR by using higher resolution and the

• ability to examine colored or pigmented polymers without dye interference. The geographical distributions of MPs in samples are increasingly being mapped using Raman mapping techniques, which provide valuable information for ecological impact studies [36]. Such techniques are able to distinguish between

• intervention and possibility of error [39]. Microscopy and spectroscopy tend to be combined to increase reliability. For instance, Raman or FTIR spectroscopy is applied to identify polymers following SEM to examine the shape of particles. This ensures both chemical and physical characteristics are captured [40

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• (T) and its first and second derivatives with relation to T, dωLCC/dT, and d2ωLCC/dT2. The C-band is a Raman spectroscopic signature for LCC, which is not only temperature-dependent but also dependent on the number of carbon atoms (N) constituting the LCC. In this present study, we extend these

• parameter; linear carbon chains; Raman spectroscopy; Introduction Phonons, their mutual interactions (ph–ph interactions), and their interactions with electrons (e–ph interactions) play fundamental roles in how materials respond to electric (e.g., difference of potentials), thermal (e.g., temperature

• confirmed in a recent work by Moura et al. [60], in which a novel Raman active longitudinal mode was observed for LCC, but no active transversal modes were observed despite theoretical predictions that suggested their existence. The literature reports that LCC phonons possess long mean free paths (≈0.5–2.5

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• of GO and PI. Elemental and structural changes induced by implantation were analyzed using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, elastic recoil detection analysis, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface morphology was assessed via

• detection analysis (ERDA). The other analytical methods used were Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrical properties were investigated by the two-point method. The photocatalytic properties were tested in a dark chamber by

• interconnected carbon network. Such changes have significant implications for the material’s properties, particularly its electrical conductivity, as a denser carbon structure typically lowers resistivity and enhances conductive pathway. Structure analysis by Raman and FTIR spectroscopies Comprehensive

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• direction for the future lies in the multimodal integration of APXPS with complementary surface-sensitive and bulk-sensitive techniques. Combining APXPS with vibrational spectroscopies (such as IRRAS and Raman), structural probes (such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy or X-ray diffraction), and mass

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• calorimetry, pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and thermal extraction desorption gas chromatography are useful in identifying the chemical composition of MPs but are destructive analytical techniques [132][133]. Spectroscopic analysis like Raman spectroscopy often suffers from a poor signal-to

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• diffractometer (Rigaku Corporation) with Cu Kα radiation, operating at 40 kV and 35 mA. Raman spectra were obtained using an Alpha300R UV system (WITec, Germany) equipped with a TEM00 laser at a wavelength of 532 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations were conducted using a Kratos AXIS

• °, respectively (JCPDS card no. 21-1272). The Raman spectra in Figure 2b are in accordance with the XRD analysis in phase composition. The CC/NW-450 °C spectrum displays prominent peaks at 146, 195, 287, 395, 516, and 637 cm−1, corresponding to the Eg, A1g, B1g, B1g, (A1g + B1g), and Eg modes of the anatase phase

• , respectively [21][22][23]. Characteristic peaks corresponding to brookite TiO2 can also be seen in the XRD pattern and the Raman spectrum of CC/NW-450 °C. The Raman spectrum in Figure 2b also indicates the degree of disorder in the carbon cloth by the ratio (ID/IG) of the disorder-induced (D) band (≈1350 cm−1

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies, and the correlation of the NP properties with the laser beam profile was studied. Three different beam profiles were selected, namely, a Bessel beam produced using an axicon, an

• structure of the formed NPs were analyzed by means of ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. Particle size and morphology

• ) operating at an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. For SEM and Raman measurements, the colloidal solution was deposited onto Al foil by drop casting and dried at room temperature. The Raman measurements were performed under 488 nm excitation using a micro-Raman system (“NanoFlex”, Solar LS, Belarus). The UV–vis

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• (CNTs) by growing dendrimers on their surface. First, CNTs were pre-functionalized with maleic acid (MA) via Diels–Alder reaction in presence of a deep eutectic solvent under ultrasonication. Subsequently, dendrimers of varying length were grown by the repeated reaction of ethylene diamine and MA. Raman

• (Scheme 1). This first step is crucial to ensure a high growth rate of dendrimers in subsequent steps by the repeated reaction of MA and ethylene diamine (EDA). We have characterized the CNTs-MA material by Raman spectroscopy to find the degree of functionalization, and the results are depicted in Figure

•  1a. The Raman spectrum exhibits two characteristic peaks, namely, the D peak at 1337 cm−1 and the G peak at 1569 cm−1. The ratio of the intensities of D and G peaks (ID/IG) has increased from 0.89 to 1.11 after MA functionalization, indicating a successful transformation of carbon atoms from sp2 to

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, and solar cells. In this review article, we describe different methods of nanocolloidal synthesis using laser-assisted processes and corresponding thin film fabrication methods, particularly those utilized for device fabrication and characterization. The four

• ; nanocolloids to thin films; photocatalysis; photovoltaics and photodetection; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); Review 1 Introduction This section provides a brief introduction to the fundamental laser processing techniques used in liquids, including ablation, fragmentation, melting, irradiation; it

• . Pulsed laser processing in liquids offers a unique advantage by producing surfactant-free nanocolloids, which can be directly used for the fabrication of thin film devices such as photodiodes, photovoltaics (PV), photocatalysts, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensors, electrochemical sensors

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• candidates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) due to their strong localized surface plasmon resonance and sharp tip geometry. In this study, AgNPrs were synthesized through a photochemical method by irradiating spherical silver nanoparticle seeds with 10 W green light-emitting diodes (LEDs; 520

• applications. Keywords: light-emitting diodes (LEDs); photochemical synthesis; silver nanoprisms; surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS); trisodium citrate; Introduction Anisotropic silver nanoparticles (ASNPs) have attracted increasing attention from research groups worldwide due to their potential

• applications in optical sensing, particularly in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [1]. Among ASNPs, silver nanoprisms (AgNPrs) are of particular interest because of their broad absorption in the visible range (400–900 nm), enabling them to display a wide spectrum of colors such as yellow, red, orange

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• growth kinetics, revealing complex behaviors such as intermittent switching between growth, pause, and etching modes, even under nominally constant synthesis conditions [20]. These observations, further supported by complementary Raman spectroscopy, served as a foundation for the development of a new

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• -enhanced Raman spectroscopy, reduction of friction and wear, fuel injection, and enhancement of tribological properties [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Extensive research efforts have been directed toward understanding LIPSS, encompassing systematic investigations on

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• . Characteristics of materials X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruker D8 Advance) and Raman spectroscopy (LabRAM Odyssey Semiconductor) were used to analyze the crystal structures of photoanodes. UV–vis absorption spectra were obtained using a Cary 60 spectrophotometer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, VG ESCALAB250

• sizes, indicating an improved crystalline quality. BiVO4(326) exhibited the largest average crystallite size (≈40 nm), consistent with the enhanced PEC performance and reduced lattice strain observed in the Raman analysis. Morphological characterization (FESEM) Field-emission scanning electron

• ), align with the optical and Raman results, highlighting the impact of the optimized deposition parameters on PEC performance. The FESEM images also revealed that the films prepared at higher current densities exhibited well-defined grain boundaries, which correlated with the reduced lattice strain

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• h in ambient atmosphere with a heating ramp of 200 K·h−1, without the use of refrigerants. The effect of ion beam-assisted deposition and additional post-process modification of TiO2 coatings was investigated in detail. XRD measurements (PANalytical Empyrean PIXel3D), Raman spectroscopy (Thermo

• Fisher Scientific Raman Microscope), and SEM imaging (FEI Nova NanoSEM 230) were carried out to evaluate the structural properties and morphology of the prepared coatings. The optical characteristics of the prepared films were investigated with the use of an Ocean Optics QE65000 spectrophotometer in the

• changing the microstructure of the film. Figure 2 shows Raman spectra of the TiO2 films prepared by EBE and IBAD methods. The microstructure of the prepared thin films was not affected by the additional use of the ion beam gun since only the amorphous phase was observed for all coatings. The Raman results

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• structure are confirmed by Raman spectroscopy measurements. Figure 2 shows two sets of the Raman spectra of SLG and SLGO. In SLG/α-Al2O3(0001), four prominent peaks are identified, which are assigned to the D band (around 1355 cm−1), G band (around 1585 cm−1), 2D band (around 2700 cm−1), and D+G band

• (0001). Two sets of Raman spectra from SLG/α-Al2O3(0001) (upper) and SLGO/α-Al2O3(0001) (lower). (a) C 1s core level XPS and (b) polarization dependence of C K-edge NEXAFS spectra of SLG/α-Al2O3(0001) (lower) and SLGO/α-Al2O3(0001) (upper) The incident angles of photon beams from the surface are 90

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• drop-casting 1 μL of hBN suspension (prepared in deionized water) onto a TEM grid. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Shimadzu IRAffinity-1S) and Raman spectroscopy (Renishaw, 532 nm laser) were used to analyze chemical bonds and assess crystallinity. UV–visible spectroscopy (Varian Cary UV

• using a variety of techniques including FTIR, Raman, UV–vis, DLS, and PRFM to confirm their physicochemical properties. Characterization of hexagonal boron nitrides The TEM images of the synthesized hBNs are shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3 (a) and (b). As seen, hBNs have platelet-like

• -plane bending vibration, respectively [43]. The broad band at 3200 cm−1 could be attributed to stretching vibrations of hydroxyl groups (O–H) of hBNs or humidity. Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3 (d) displays the Raman spectrum of hBNs, which reveals a dominant peak at 1367 cm−1, in line with

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• the NCs. The Raman spectra of rGO and the related NCs were recorded through the “XploRA plus HORIBA” instrument with a laser excitation of 532 nm. Additionally, the surface analysis was performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements (XPS, Thermofisher Scientific) functioning at 12 kV

• graphene [33][34][35]. The presence of rGO in the GV and GVF was further confirmed by the Raman spectra (Figure 3c). As shown, the peaks at ≈1350 and ≈1580 cm−1 correspond to the characteristic D and G bands of graphene. Interestingly, minor changes in the peak positions of these two characteristic peaks

• components caused more disorder and defects in the carbon structure [36]. Furthermore, the peak at ≈2700 cm−1 represents the characteristic 2D band of graphene. The Raman pattern of rGO represents such characteristic D band at ≈1343 cm−1, G band at ≈1582.4 cm−1, and 2D band at ≈2690 cm−1, respectively

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• crystallites; however, the layer defectiveness increased in areas with fine-dispersed crystallites. According to NEXAFS and Raman spectroscopy data, the most ordered atomic structure of graphitic layers was obtained by annealing nickel-coated SCD. The angular dependence of NEXAFS C K-edge spectra of nickel

• . Additionally, angle-resolved NEXAFS spectra of annealed Ni-coated SCD were measured to reveal the orientation of the formed graphitic layers. After synchrotron measurements, the samples were exposed to air and further analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained

• crystallites and the rough PCD film. Various growth defects, including pits, cracks, steps, and protrusions are present on the diamond faces. The secondary nucleation of diamond caused the formation of submicron-sized diamond grains and smoothing of the shape of large crystals. Raman spectroscopy revealed high

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• . Raman spectra reveal the presence of the E2 (low), E2 (high), and A1 (LO) Raman modes in pristine and implanted ZnO films. A gradual fall and rise in peak intensity of, respectively, the E2 (high) and A1 (LO) Raman modes is observed with increases in ion fluence. However, the E2 (low) mode broadens and

• merges completely with disorder-induced broad band at higher fluences. Moreover, the deconvolution of the A1 (LO) Raman peak affirms the presence of defect-related Raman modes in the implanted samples. A gradual reduction in crystallinity of the implanted ZnO films with increasing ion fluence is observed

• , defects, and interstitials are induced through the interaction between energetic ions and the host material, resulting in structural modification and thus alteration in lattice dynamics of the host material [10]. The implantation-induced disorder can be qualitatively examined using Raman spectroscopy

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• SEM image of PyC transferred onto the SiO2/Si substrate also shows a uniform film surface (Figure 1e). The Raman spectrum of the MoS2 film contains two strong peaks at 382.6 and 408.9 cm−1 (Figure 2a) corresponding to the E12g mode and the A1g mode, respectively, of 2H-MoS2 [33]. The difference

• realized only when they are oriented vertically to the substrate surface. The weak peak at about 280 cm−1 observed in the Raman spectrum corresponds to the E1g mode, which is forbidden when the laser beam is incident perpendicularly on the c axis of MoS2 [36]. The activation of this mode in our case

• Raman spectrum of the PyC-MoS2 sample, so the coating with PyC film does not destroy the structure of the MoS2 film. The Raman spectra of PyC and PyC-MoS2 show a peak at 1600 cm−1 corresponding to the in-plane stretching of C=C bonds (G mode) and a peak at 1355 cm−1 caused by the disorder in the

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• exhibited a moderate O2 content (11.96 wt %), which could bring the highest HER efficiency. The Ni/NiO ratio is the most crucial parameter in the Ni/NiO catalyst system, influencing the electrode’s HER efficiency, which Yan and coworkers proved [18]. The Raman spectrum of the Ni/NiO/SS-10 electrode

• displayed the prominent peaks shown in Figure 3. The bands at 200 to 600 cm−1 represent one phonon (1P), whereas the bands at 650 to 1100 cm−1 could be assigned to two phonons (2P) of NiO species in the electrode. In particular, the Raman peak at 552 cm−1 was indexed into the 1P longitudinal optical (LO

• distribution in materials were studied using EDX. The Raman spectra were studied using a LabRAM-HR Evolution Raman microscope with a laser wavelength of 532 nm. The composition of the thin films was investigated using XPS on a Thermo Scientific K-Alpha XPS system. Electrochemical measurements The HER catalytic

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• AC) performed on the undissolved sample revealed the presence of a low temperature blocking process ( ≈ 10 K), and confirmed its superparamagnetic state between 70– 250 K. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman studies showed a varied composition of the undissolved sample in which organic

• transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Composition studies using XRD, magnetic properties using dc and ac magnetometry, and extensive spectral analysis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were also performed. Considering that the AB-Fortis

• proved that most likely the cores of the nanoparticles are composed of FeO(OH). However, the results of the magnetic measurements do not allow resolving the issues related to the type of FeO(OH) polymorph. Therefore, additional studies such as FTIR, Raman, and XPS were performed, and their results will

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• , were considered to occur during the growth process, leading to NiO samples with variable properties. Raman spectroscopy indicated changes between the relative intensity of first order modes and the 2M mode due to the variable lattice disorder induced in the samples during the growth process

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• S1B, Supporting Information File 1) shows that they are spherical and that they remodel into clusters on the surface. Raman spectra recorded for the initial graphite and the synthesized FLG–TA exhibits typical D, G, and 2D vibration bands centered at 1355, 1583, and 2720 cm−1, respectively. It is

• FLG–TA has a low defect content, evidenced by its weak D peak. Although the absorption of carbonyl functions in TA molecules might influence the defect ratio for FLG–TA because of the increase in the G peak (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1, shows the Raman spectrum of TA powder), it remains

• provided DPPH (Figure S4B0–B2 of Supporting Information File 1). These findings indicate significant oxygen enrichment due to TA adsorption on FLG sheets, supporting earlier Raman spectroscopy results and colloidal stability observations (Figure S3A1, Supporting Information File 1). Both free and adsorbed

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• nucleation rate, which in turn increases the catalyst particle size and the amount of free carbon atoms, producing CNFs with larger diameters and amorphous carbon. According to Raman analysis, the grown CNFs have a high number of defects, which may be good for applications where defective nanomaterials are

• room temperature, the product was purified with 1% HCl solution, distilled water, and ethanol, then vacuum-dried at 50 °C for about 4 h. The final product was nearly pure CNFs, as shown by FESEM images. TEM images indicated an average CNF diameter of 100 nm. Raman spectra showed a strong, narrow peak

• revealed nanofiber morphology, and Raman spectroscopy showed the characteristic IG and ID bands of CNFs [18]. Catalytic chemical vapor deposition was conducted by Hammel et al. to synthesize CNFs using a tube furnace. The experiment used a nickel-based catalyst and diluted acetylene as the source of carbon