Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• ) spectroscopy is used regularly to identify the chemical structure of MPs [34]. One of the most important developments for nanoplastic detection in complex environmental matrices is micro-FTIR to analyze particles smaller than 10 µm [35]. Raman spectroscopy improves on FTIR by using higher resolution and the

• . First, detection and monitoring systems have to be boosted in order to build a baseline of MP pollution control. Standard protocols created by international organizations can monitor MPs in a variety of environmental matrices. Analysis methods such as Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and pyrolysis-GC/MS have

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• parameter; linear carbon chains; Raman spectroscopy; Introduction Phonons, their mutual interactions (ph–ph interactions), and their interactions with electrons (e–ph interactions) play fundamental roles in how materials respond to electric (e.g., difference of potentials), thermal (e.g., temperature

• associated with the values of γP and . Conclusion In summary, this paper investigates the thermodynamic properties of isolated and small bundles of LCC@MWCNT via Raman spectroscopy by tracking the C-band frequencies ωLCC of LCC in the range of temperatures of 13 < T < 300 K. These range of temperatures

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• of GO and PI. Elemental and structural changes induced by implantation were analyzed using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, elastic recoil detection analysis, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface morphology was assessed via

• detection analysis (ERDA). The other analytical methods used were Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrical properties were investigated by the two-point method. The photocatalytic properties were tested in a dark chamber by

• structural analysis of GO before and after ion irradiation was conducted using Raman spectroscopy [28]. This spectroscopic technique, known for its effectiveness in probing disorders and defects within crystal structures, proved particularly valuable in characterizing graphite and its derivatives [29]. The

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• calorimetry, pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and thermal extraction desorption gas chromatography are useful in identifying the chemical composition of MPs but are destructive analytical techniques [132][133]. Spectroscopic analysis like Raman spectroscopy often suffers from a poor signal-to

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• . Optical characterization The optical properties of Si NPs dispersed in ethanol were investigated using Raman and UV–vis spectroscopy. Initially, Si NPs obtained using Bessel, annular, and Gaussian laser beams were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, and their Raman spectra (vibrational modes) were

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• (Scheme 1). This first step is crucial to ensure a high growth rate of dendrimers in subsequent steps by the repeated reaction of MA and ethylene diamine (EDA). We have characterized the CNTs-MA material by Raman spectroscopy to find the degree of functionalization, and the results are depicted in Figure

• thoroughly characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, EDX, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy to confirm the successful functionalization and structural integrity of the materials. The applicability of these dendrimerized CNTs materials for the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ metal ions from aqueous media was thoroughly

• . Ethylenediamine and maleic anhydride (99%) were obtained from Alfa Aesar and used as received without further purification. Standard solutions of Pb and Cd (1000 ppm) were procured from Merck with a purity of 99.99% and used as received. Characterizations Raman spectroscopy was conducted using a JASCO NRS-5000

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, and solar cells. In this review article, we describe different methods of nanocolloidal synthesis using laser-assisted processes and corresponding thin film fabrication methods, particularly those utilized for device fabrication and characterization. The four

• ; nanocolloids to thin films; photocatalysis; photovoltaics and photodetection; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); Review 1 Introduction This section provides a brief introduction to the fundamental laser processing techniques used in liquids, including ablation, fragmentation, melting, irradiation; it

• . Pulsed laser processing in liquids offers a unique advantage by producing surfactant-free nanocolloids, which can be directly used for the fabrication of thin film devices such as photodiodes, photovoltaics (PV), photocatalysts, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensors, electrochemical sensors

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• growth kinetics, revealing complex behaviors such as intermittent switching between growth, pause, and etching modes, even under nominally constant synthesis conditions [20]. These observations, further supported by complementary Raman spectroscopy, served as a foundation for the development of a new

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• -enhanced Raman spectroscopy, reduction of friction and wear, fuel injection, and enhancement of tribological properties [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Extensive research efforts have been directed toward understanding LIPSS, encompassing systematic investigations on

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• . Characteristics of materials X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruker D8 Advance) and Raman spectroscopy (LabRAM Odyssey Semiconductor) were used to analyze the crystal structures of photoanodes. UV–vis absorption spectra were obtained using a Cary 60 spectrophotometer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, VG ESCALAB250

• absorption edge intersection, as shown Figure 3b. Samples prepared with higher electrodeposition currents and larger VO(acac)2 amounts exhibited redshifted absorption edges, indicating enhanced light harvesting due to improved crystallinity and reduced disorder. XRD and Raman spectroscopy confirmed these

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• h in ambient atmosphere with a heating ramp of 200 K·h−1, without the use of refrigerants. The effect of ion beam-assisted deposition and additional post-process modification of TiO2 coatings was investigated in detail. XRD measurements (PANalytical Empyrean PIXel3D), Raman spectroscopy (Thermo

• confirm the phase change from amorphous to crystalline after annealing at 800 °C, in agreement with the XRD studies. The results obtained by Raman spectroscopy for the annealed films are consistent with the reference values for the anatase phase [38][39]. The presence of characteristic Raman peaks

• structure but significantly affected the size of the crystallites, with higher ion gun currents resulting in smaller crystallites in the range of 30.8 to 43.5 nm. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy confirmed that only the anatase phase was present after annealing at 800 °C. SEM images reveal that post-process

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• structure are confirmed by Raman spectroscopy measurements. Figure 2 shows two sets of the Raman spectra of SLG and SLGO. In SLG/α-Al2O3(0001), four prominent peaks are identified, which are assigned to the D band (around 1355 cm−1), G band (around 1585 cm−1), 2D band (around 2700 cm−1), and D+G band

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• drop-casting 1 μL of hBN suspension (prepared in deionized water) onto a TEM grid. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Shimadzu IRAffinity-1S) and Raman spectroscopy (Renishaw, 532 nm laser) were used to analyze chemical bonds and assess crystallinity. UV–visible spectroscopy (Varian Cary UV

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• crystallites; however, the layer defectiveness increased in areas with fine-dispersed crystallites. According to NEXAFS and Raman spectroscopy data, the most ordered atomic structure of graphitic layers was obtained by annealing nickel-coated SCD. The angular dependence of NEXAFS C K-edge spectra of nickel

• . Additionally, angle-resolved NEXAFS spectra of annealed Ni-coated SCD were measured to reveal the orientation of the formed graphitic layers. After synchrotron measurements, the samples were exposed to air and further analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained

• crystallites and the rough PCD film. Various growth defects, including pits, cracks, steps, and protrusions are present on the diamond faces. The secondary nucleation of diamond caused the formation of submicron-sized diamond grains and smoothing of the shape of large crystals. Raman spectroscopy revealed high

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• , defects, and interstitials are induced through the interaction between energetic ions and the host material, resulting in structural modification and thus alteration in lattice dynamics of the host material [10]. The implantation-induced disorder can be qualitatively examined using Raman spectroscopy

• fluence, which can be attributed to the fact that an enormous amount of energy is transferred to the lattice when the ion beam travels through the sample quickly, which generates dislocations. Raman spectroscopy Figure 4 reveals the Raman spectra of pristine and 30 keV argon-implanted ZnO films at various

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• deposited on a SiO2/Si substrate using magnetron sputtering. Raman spectroscopy and SEM revealed the vertical orientation of the MoS2 layers relative to the substrate surface. According to XPS data, the surface of the MoS2 film is enriched with sulfur even after its annealing at 1073 K in hydrogen. PyC

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• Raman results and analysis and EPR results and analysis. FTIR and Raman results and analysis FTIR and Raman spectroscopy techniques were employed to investigate the phase composition and iron oxide type resulting from the synthesis and to validate structural alterations after interaction with saline

• spectrum of the FS0 sample, while they vanished in the FST spectrum. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of an iron-stabilized biopolymer ionic cross-linking complex. This confirmation was based on an analysis of intensity, full width at half maximum, and band shifts. In general, both FS0 and FST

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• , were considered to occur during the growth process, leading to NiO samples with variable properties. Raman spectroscopy indicated changes between the relative intensity of first order modes and the 2M mode due to the variable lattice disorder induced in the samples during the growth process

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• provided DPPH (Figure S4B0–B2 of Supporting Information File 1). These findings indicate significant oxygen enrichment due to TA adsorption on FLG sheets, supporting earlier Raman spectroscopy results and colloidal stability observations (Figure S3A1, Supporting Information File 1). Both free and adsorbed

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• revealed nanofiber morphology, and Raman spectroscopy showed the characteristic IG and ID bands of CNFs [18]. Catalytic chemical vapor deposition was conducted by Hammel et al. to synthesize CNFs using a tube furnace. The experiment used a nickel-based catalyst and diluted acetylene as the source of carbon

• microscopy (FESEM, Zeiss Crossbeam 340) for morphological analysis. Raman spectroscopy (HORIBA XploRA PLUS, 532 nm) was carried out to analyze the signature spectra of the grown CNFs. Results and Discussion Flame characterization and temperature The flames were characterized regarding flame shape and

• . A higher presence of defects was found before in CNFs via Raman spectroscopy [12]. A slightly elevated defect density was also observed in CNTs derived from LPG [16][31]. The D band and G band intensities show an ID/IG ratio of more than 1.13, which is a clear indicator for high disorder and

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• irradiated thin films was performed with X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was conducted at the Zn L3,2 and O K edges for all the thin films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on Si 2p and O 1s core levels provided direct

• mode. Table 1 summarizes the irradiation ion energies and fluences for each thin film, along with their corresponding labels. Results and Discussion Influence of Ag and O ion irradiation on crystallographic phase by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy Figure 1a shows the XRD patterns illustrating

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• nanohybrids of MoSe2−CsPbBr3 with a size range between 60 and 80 nm [38]. This effect has been relevant to enhance the Raman scattering vibrational modes in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements. It has also been noticed that the shape of the nanostructure can be used to tune the magnitude of the

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• . Raman spectroscopy of Ag@ZnO nanorods The influence of Ag doping in ZnO nanorods were investigated by Raman scattering. Raman scattering of Ag@ZnO NRs were recorded using a 532 nm laser at room temperature in the spectra range varying from 0 to 2000 cm−1. ZnO has four atoms in each primitive cell, which

• ). The optical characteristics of the obtained Ag-doped ZnO nanorods were determined using UV–visible spectroscopy (Varian Cary-5000) at room temperature. The measurements were taken in the wavelength range of 200 to 600 nm. Raman spectroscopy (Alpha300/WI Tec) was used to investigate the molecular

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• , Raman spectroscopy was utilized to evaluate the formation of GO (after the oxidation of graphite powder) and the GO–Chl nanoconjugate. The structural properties of graphite and GO nanosheets were investigated through the comprehensive analysis of the characteristic graphitic domain band (G band) and

• GO and GO–Chl nanoconjugate via UV–vis, FTIR, Raman Spectroscopy, FESEM, and HRTEM. Figure S2 shows the atomic force microscopy-based topographical analysis of GO nanosheets. Figure S3 represents the XPS survey spectra of GO, GO–Chl, and Chl. Table S1 shows the summary of fitting parameters for the

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• characterization of all formulations regarding interactions of the components and their stability during the preparation procedures, different techniques were used including infrared (IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), and Raman spectroscopy as well as TGA. For analyzing potential structural changes in the CNs

• blank CNs indicate that the structure of TMZ was preserved during irradiation. Upon its incorporation in the CNs, in vitro dissolution studies, in which UV–vis spectra of TMZ after its release from the irradiated CNs were recorded, were carried out. Raman spectroscopy The Raman spectra of single- and