A set of empirical equations describing the observed colours of metal–anodic aluminium oxide–Al nanostructures

• Cristina V. Manzano,
• Jakob J. Schwiedrzik,
• Gerhard Bürki,
• Laszlo Pethö,
• Johann Michler and
• Laetitia Philippe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 798–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.64

• colour diagram (Figure S1f, Supporting Information File 1), the position of the colours moves counter-clockwise as the porosity increases. Reflectance, colour diagram and xy values of 8 nm Cr–AAO–Al and 10 nm Au–AAO–Al nanostructures UV–vis reflectance spectra of AAO–Al, 8 nm Cr–AAO–Al films, and 10 nm

• . The thickness was calculated by averaging the nine measurements. Reflectance spectroscopy measurements of the AAO films were carried out using a PerkinElmer Lambda 900 UV–vis spectrophotometer, ranging from 200 to 900 nm using the diffuse mode with integrating sphere. CIE Yxy values, which represent a

• colour model including luminance (Y) and chromaticity (xy) using the CIE 1931 colour space [12], were obtained from the UV–vis reflectance measurements of the nanostructures according to the detailed description in [23]. For these calculations, only the wavelength range of 400–700 nm was considered. (a

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• . The luminescent mechanism in h-BN is not yet fully clear. There is a large variability in the shape and position of PL spectra, which is interpreted based on impurities and sample preparation conditions [91][92]. Museur et al. [92] report on the effect of surface oxidation under UV-laser irradiation

• -BN as an SPE is still thwarted by the wavelength variability of the ZPL from one emitter to another, which spans a broad spectral range from the UV to the visible up to the near-infrared regions [101][102]. As an example of some of the results, Figure 2 taken from [103] summarizes the photo-physics

• the UV (303 nm) with certain native point defect origin due to the high localization observed using CL maps. The point defects were likely carbon substitutional at nitrogen sites (CN). Another broad emission not associated with any SPE was present in the same spectral region, here attributed to

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• the array was measured using a laser of 325 nm excitation wavelength and a grating spectrometer (Horiba, JY iHR550). The diffuse reflectance absorption spectrum of the array was measured using an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (UV–vis, Shimadzu, UV-3600). Photocatalytic experiments. The

• to start the photocatalysis. Every 10 min, an aliquot of 2 mL was transferred into a UV–vis cuvette, and the change in absorbance was measured using a UV–vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV-3600). After the measurement was completed, the solution was poured back into the beaker to keep the total

• absorption peak of ACT3 at 317 nm is the characteristic absorption peak of Ag prepared by vacuum evaporation, and the absorption peak at 364 nm is generated by the LSPR [33]. Figure 6c and 6d show the Tauc plots of the UV–vis spectra depicted in Figure 6a and 6b, which are calculated using Equation 1 for an

Structural optical and electrical properties of a transparent conductive ITO/Al–Ag/ITO multilayer contact

• Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 695–702, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.57

• this annealing temperature. The films surface roughness results obtained from FESEM and AFM are in good agreement. The optical characteristics of the as-deposited and annealed IAAI and ITO films measured by UV–vis spectrophotometry are shown in Figure 5. It can be seen, that the annealed IAAI and ITO

• carried out using a Shimadzu UV-3101 PC UV–vis double-beam spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 300–700 nm. IAAI films deposited on glass substrates were used and prior to optical measurements, background (baseline) measurements were performed using two non-doped soda-lime glass samples placed at

Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• bronze (HxMoO3) was formed after exposure to UV radiation, making MoO3 quasi-metallic rather than semiconducting [13][14]. Thus, it is of highest priority to produce MoO3 dispersions of high concentrations and yields while maintaining the semiconductor properties of MoO3. In an attempt to address the

• was not altered after exposure to sunlight (UV radiation) for 24 h. The exfoliated MoO3 was used as electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The specific capacitance values were as high as 221 F·g−1 at 5 mV·s−1 with good rate capability and capacitance retention in a three-electrode system

• dispersions was recorded using a UV–vis spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Lambda 750) in 10 mm quartz cuvettes. The concentrations of dispersions were determined by using thermogravimetric analysis. For this, 4 mL of MoO3 dispersion was filled in a 5 mL beaker followed by drying off the solvent at 80 °C in a

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of heterostructured CuO–ZnO-loaded composite nanofiber membranes

• Wei Fang,
• Liang Yu and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 631–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.50

• semiconductor material to the other [7][8][9][10]. ZnO is a semiconductor material with a wide direct bandgap of 3.2 eV, which can absorb a small part of the solar spectrum in the UV region [11][12][13]. CuO is a nontoxic, chemically stable and naturally abundant material. It is a p-type semiconductor with a

• degradation processes under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation were investigated using the prepared CNFMs degrading a methyl orange solution with an initial concentration of 10 mg/L. The prepared CNFMs (0.05 g) were added to 30 mL of the methyl orange solution, and then the solution was placed in a dark environment

• for 2 h to achieve an adsorption–desorption equilibrium. Next, photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange was carried out under UV irradiation (λ = 254 nm). The UV lamp had a light intensity of 1.1 mW/cm, which was measured by a radiometer. The degradation rate of methyl orange was determined by

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• the presence of N-containing surface-functional groups. The quantum yield of the LA-CDs is more constant than that of the HTC-CDs under continuous UV excitation and does not exhibit a significant reduction after 150 min of excitation. The methods used in this work provide a simple and green strategy

• absolute quantum yield (QY) was measured on a second fluorometer (Horiba Fluoromax-4) equipped with an integrating sphere. A quartz cubic cell with a 1 cm light path, which was filled with a suspension consisting of the prepared carbon nanoparticles, was used in UV–vis absorption measurements using a UV

• nm made from glucose with glutathione in a temperature range of 15 to 90 °C by Wang et al. [18]. Figure 3a–c shows the PL spectra of the soybean-derived CDs. The HTC-CDs exhibited strong emission under the irradiation of UV and visible light in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 480 nm (Figure 3a

Correction: Photocatalytic antibacterial performance of TiO₂ and Ag-doped TiO₂ against S. aureus. P. aeruginosa and E. coli

• Kiran Gupta,
• R. P. Singh,
• Ashutosh Pandey and
• Anjana Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 547–549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.43

• , complete rutile TiO2 phase was obtained [7]. It was previously reported that a mixture of anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles has higher photocatalytic activity than pure anatase or pure rutile TiO2 nanoparticles under UV-light excitation [8]. Furthermore, it was shown that calcination of the

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• spectra of Au-BSA NCs. G, H) Photographs of Au-BSA NCs in solution and in the solid state under ambient light and UV light, respectively. Figure panel 1E is adapted and panel 1F is reused with permission from [63], copyright 2009 American Chemical Society. Figure panels 1G,H are adapted with permission

• (d, e) electron tomography of the AuNCF superstructure. D) Photographs under ambient light (top) and UV light (bottom) with varying concentrations of SnCl2 added to Au-GSH NCs. E) Confocal microscopy images of NIH3T3 cell lines incubated with AuNCFs for 1 day (a) bright-field image, (b) confocal

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• . Other click chemistries like thiol-ene have also been reported because of their light-initiated and metal-catalyst-free approach. PVP along with PMA functionalized by thiol (PMAThiol) and ene (PMAEne) groups were used to fabricate hydrogen bonded hollow capsules via UV crosslinking [100]. It was further

• use of UV light in the thiol-ene approach limits its application in drug delivery as it can damage DNA and cross-react with cysteine residues in proteins. The DAC approach may also affect cysteine residues in proteins that might undergo Michael addition to result in malemides [90]. Similarly, the use

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• quality of the nanostructures, in terms of their use as plasmonic platforms, is reflected in the UV–vis absorption spectra. The absorption spectrum is dominated by a maximum in the range of 450–500 nm associated with the plasmon resonance. As the initial layer thickness increases, an additional peak

• : dewetting; finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method; plasmon resonance; silver (Ag) nanostructures; thin films; UV–vis absorption; Introduction In the last decade there has been significant development in sensor-related research regarding the application in optical, medical or biological areas [1][2][3

• operated at 10 kV. For the analysis of nanograin structure and chemical composition a TALOS F200X HRTEM equipped with an EDS detector was used. SEM and TEM experiments were carried out on samples deposited on silicon substrates. UV–vis spectra were recorded using a double-beam Thermo Fisher Scientific

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• ]. The extended aromatic structure, comprising two phenyl rings connected through an azo group, shows characteristic and unique photoswitching properties. Absorption of a photon in the UV region causes an isomerisation of the nitrogen–nitrogen double bond. The conformational change is accompanied not

• of the materials. Sasai et al. were the first to observe a photoswitching reaction between the perovskite sheets using a combination of UV–vis irradiation and photoluminescence [41]. However, in particular the aspect of photoswitching of azobenzene–perovskite hybrids is still very unclear. For this

• energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the molecule. In combination with UV–vis measurements the higher unoccupied MOs (S1 and S2) of the molecule can be determined. The data are summarized in Table 2. It is well known, that the S0→S2 transition (a symmetry-allowed π→π* transition) is

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• H2O2. The H2O2 produced through ORR is also quantified using a Ce(SO4)2 solution assisted UV–visible absorbance based analysis, where the details and calibration are given in Supporting Information File 1. Figure 7a shows chronoamperograms of ORR on EEG-coated graphite papers at 0.358 V vs RHE in 0.1 M

• details of the calculation for the number of electrons transferred are given in Supporting Information File 1. The quantification of the H2O2 produced was carried out using a UV–vis spectrometer [37][61]. A calibration curve was made using 1 mM Ce(SO4)2 (25 mL) solution, 1% H2O2 solution (30% H2O2

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag⁺: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

• Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
• Denis A. Sevastyanov,
• Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Yuriy N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

• step was the study of the interaction of pillar[5]arenes 3 and 4 with AgNO3 by DLS, UV–vis and 1H, 13C, 2D NMR spectroscopy. It was shown by UV–vis spectroscopy that addition of an excess of AgNO3 to macrocycles 3 and 4 does not lead to an absorption maximum shift. It is worth noting that, in the case

• of macrocycle 3, the baseline is raised (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S13). In the case of the compound 4 in the UV–vis spectra the baseline rise was not observed. Apparently, the baseline rise in the UV–vis spectra is due to the processes of Ag+ aggregation with pillar[5]arene 3. To confirm

• well as the spatial structure of the 3/Ag+ and 4/Ag+ associates. It should be noted that the formation of a reduced form of silver Ag(0) was not recorded under all studied conditions. This fact was confirmed by the absence of an absorption band corresponding to Ag–Ag bonds in AgNPs in the UV–vis

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• ) spectra. UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra were measured using a Lambda 750S UV–vis spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer, USA) calibrated using barium sulfate. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were measured with a F-4600 fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Japan) with an excitation wavelength of 400 nm

• (15.219 nm, 0.049 cm3 g−1) were analyzed according to the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method (Figure 4b). The larger pore volume and BET specific surface area confirmed that the CuO/tourmaline composite with 0D/2D CuO structure possessed an increased number of active sites. UV–vis diffuse reflectance

• ) BJH pore size distribution of the CuO, tourmaline, and CuO/tourmaline composite. (a) UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, (b) plots of (Ahν)2 vs hν, (c) transient photocurrent, and (d) time-resolved PL spectra of the CuO and CuO/tourmaline composite. (a) MB degradation, (b) the apparent pseudo-first

Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes

• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Pierrick G. J. Fournier,
• Danna L. Arellano,
• Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez,
• Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.28

• calculated by measuring the UV absorbance using a Nanodrop 2000c spectrophotometer (ThermoFisher Scientific). All the procedures were performed at 4 °C. Finally, the purified viruses were stored at −80 °C in 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes. Cell cultures The breast tumor cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 were

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• : The polyplexes with a tracking dye (bromophenol blue, 2 µL), were loaded on a 1% agarose gel. The electrophoresis was carried in Tris/boric acid buffer (TBE) buffer at 80 V for 45 min. The gel was imaged after staining with ethidium bromide in a UV transilluminator using a gel documentation system

• absence of cytotoxicity of the blank PVI polymer suggests that this carrier could be a cyto-compatible system for gene therapy. (A) Gel retardation assay for polyplexes formed with different ratios (v/v) of PVI/siRNA. Ethidium bromide dye (2 µg/mL) was used. The bands were visualized using UV

Implementation of data-cube pump–probe KPFM on organic solar cells

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Olivier Bardagot and
• Renaud Demadrille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 323–337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.24

• UHV AFM chamber. The wavelength of 515 nm was selected since it falls within the UV–vis absorption bands of both PC71BM and PTB7. For each measurement, the optical power Popt corresponding to the maximum pulse intensity during the modulated illumination is indicated in the corresponding figure caption

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• . Therefore, the optimal loading has to be determined for each system. Ping et al. described a simple UV–visible spectroscopy method to assess the degree of aggregation inside the vector, thanks to the evolution of the PS spectrum (zinc phthalocyanine in their case) [148]. Shi et al. described the

Fabrication of Ag-modified hollow titania spheres via controlled silver diffusion in Ag–TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Krzysztof Kopczyński and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 141–146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.12

• investigated using SEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The optical properties of the synthesized structures were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy. Ag–TiO2 hollow nanostructures with different optical properties were prepared simply by a change of the annealing time in the last

• fabrication step. The synthesized nanostructures exhibit a broadband optical absorption in the UV–vis range. Keywords: core–shell nanostructures; hollow spheres; silver diffusion; silver-modified titanium dioxide; titania; Findings In recent years, nanometer- to micrometer-sized inorganic hollow spheres

• photocatalytic properties of TiO2 and the optical properties of plasmonic NPs [2]. This combination has been shown to extent the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, which is initially limited to UV light [8], to the visible or even to the NIR range of radiation [9]. Recent examples of the fabrication of plasmonic

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• binary self-assembly between the anthracene derivatives and 20-meric oligodeoxyadenylic acid where the transition dipolar axis of the anthracene derivatives was aligned in a head-to-tail fashion. The UV–vis and CD spectroscopy data showed cooperative changes in the binary self-assembly in response to the

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• C6H18N2O2PbI4 (EDBEPbI4) chains into 3D perovskites. The 2D/3D perovskites solved the discrepancy between PCE and stability. XRD patterns and UV–vis absorption spectra, retracing the formation of such heterojunctions, are shown in Figure 4b and Figure 4c. Doping with EDBEPbI4 gradually increases the grain size

• ][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. Structural characterization and morphology. (a) Schematic illustration of the structure of the 2D/3D PSCs. (b) XRD patterns as a function of the 2D perovskite doping concentration and (c) UV–vis absorption spectra of the (EDBEPbI4)x(MAPbI3)1−x films. (d–g

Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES

• Markus Tautz,
• Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
• Joachim Hertkorn,
• Robert Weinberger,
• Martin Welzel,
• Arno Pfitzner and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4

• ICP-OES analysis. Methods PLM images were recorded directly after epitaxy on an Olympus BX51 microscope combined with an Olympus U-RFL-T UV light source. For excitation, 408 nm wavelength light was used. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was measured on a Bruker/Jordan Valley QC Velox. Scanning electron

Gold and silver dichroic nanocomposite in the quest for 3D printing the Lycurgus cup

• Lars Kool,
• Floris Dekker,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Glen J. Smales,
• Brian R. Pauw,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 16–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.2

• (Figure 1c). The composition of nanoparticles in solution and in PVA was studied by UV–vis. The AgNP solution presents a peak around 410 nm, in accordance with small yellow spherical silver nanoparticles, and a long absorption tail because of the polydispersity. When embedded in PVA, the peak shows a

• further purification. PVA as 3D printable filament (ultimaker) was bought from a local vendor (https://makerpoint.nl). For extruding the printable filament a Felfil Evo (https://felfil.com) was used and the filament was printed using a Ultimaker 2+ (Ultimaker) FDM printer. A Shimadzu UV1601 UV–vis was

• used for the UV–vis study. TEM samples were imaged in a JEOL 1400Plus TEM operating at 120 kV. SAXS: Long-range ordering was studied by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in Multiscale Analyser for Ultrafine Structures (MAUS): a heavily customized Xeuss 2.0 (Xenocs, France). X-rays are generated from

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• cellulose 10 kDa MWCO membrane as accumulation wall was employed in connection with a UV–vis detector operating at 220 nm (S3210, Laserchrom, Rochester, UK), a MALS detector (Viscotek SEC-MALS20, Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK), a refractive index detector (Optilab T-rEX, Wyatt Technology, Dernbach

• rinse step was finally performed for 2 min, i.e., setting cross flow at 0 mL/min and purge valve on. UV–vis, MALS and refractive index data were analysed using AF2000 software (Postnova Analytics GmbH, Germany) and fitted with a Sphere model to obtain the MW and radius of gyration (Rg) distributions

• acid released in solution was quantified using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE, 18-well/30 µL, 15% Criterion TM TBE-Urea Gel, Biorad; 70 min, 120 V). Gels were imaged with a UV trans-illuminator (ChemiDoc™ MP System #170-8280) adjusting the exposure time to avoid saturation, and the acquired