Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• area, which, surprisingly, revealed high rate capability and long cycle life as anode electrode material for Li-ion batteries. The obtained results are discussed in detail in the following sections of this work. Results and Discussion The structure of as-prepared Co3O4 powder was verified by XRD and

• Raman spectroscopy (RS) measurements. The experimental results from both techniques are shown in Figure 1 and they are complementary. The XRD pattern presented in Figure 1a reveals seven peaks located at 19°, 31.3°, 36.8°, 38.7°, 44.8°, 55.8°, and 59.4°, which correspond to the (111), (220), (311), (222

• is also important to mention that no impurities have been detected using XRD and RS. This confirms the successful formation of the Co3O4 material which, in addition, is highly pure and well crystalline. The morphology of the investigated cobalt oxide has been determined with SEM and TEM (Figure 2

Spontaneous shape transition of Mn_xGe_1−x islands to long nanowires

• S. Javad Rezvani,
• Luc Favre,
• Gabriele Giuli,
• Yiming Wubulikasimu,
• Isabelle Berbezier,
• Augusto Marcelli,
• Luca Boarino and
• Nicola Pinto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 366–374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.30

• (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). We demonstrate that the thickness of the Mn layer and the annealing conditions finely control the shape transition, resulting in NWs up to ≃1.5 μm length with uniform width and homogeneous composition

• after deposition (in the same chamber) at 650 °C for 15–30 min and then cooled down rapidly to room temperature (RT). Samples were studied using SEM, XRD, and HRTEM. XRD data were collected by means of a PW 1830 diffractometer in Bragg–Brentano geometry. A long fine-focus Cu tube was operated at 40 kV

• (NPs). Further increase of the Mn layer thickness to 9 ML results in a closely packed film of agglomerated islands with a relatively uniform size distribution (≃100 nm) completely filling the surface (see Figure 1c). XRD in Bragg–Brentano geometry has been carried out on these islands on the annealed 9

Structural and optical characteristics determined by the sputtering deposition conditions of oxide thin films

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Florin Garoi and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 354–365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.29

• diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while the surface topography of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical characteristics were measured for samples with the same composition but obtained with different deposition parameters, such as increasing

• thickness of the deposited SiO2 and ZnO thin films, several methods were applied, including XPS, XRD, and SEM. Hence, the ESCALAB 250+ XPS equipment was used to determine the surface composition of the samples with the following specifications: monochromatic Al Kα radiation (1486.6 eV) and vacuum in the

• analysis chamber (p ≈ 1.6 × 10−10 mbar). The XRD analysis was performed using a Brucker D8 Advance diffractometer. The crystalline structure of the oxide thin films was investigated by applying the standard XRD technique using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.55418 Å) in the range of 2θ = 25–80 degrees. By using SEM

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• diffraction (P-XRD). The P-XRD pattern shows the reflexes for hexagonal nickel (Figure 1). TEM images show spherical nickel nanoparticles, which are supported on top of rGO (Figure 2). The particles have a size of 25 ± 5 nm. All nanoparticles are supported on rGO. The particle size of Ni@rGO increased in

• % nickel. A metal loading between 5% and 20% on graphene oxide is common [49]. WO3 nanopowder synthesis The tungsten oxide nanopowder was prepared by a sol–gel method according to [52]. The phase composition was analyzed using P-XRD. The P-XRD pattern shows reflexes only of monoclinic tungsten oxide

• powder (diameter 10 mm, thickness 2.5 mm, weight 0.75 g), which were sintered in air at 450 °C (4 h). Characterization Powder X-ray diffraction, P-XRD data were measured at ambient temperature on a Bruker D2 Phaser using a flat sample holder and Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.54182 Å, 35 kV). Samples had been

ZnO and MXenes as electrode materials for supercapacitor devices

• Ameen Uddin Ammar,
• Ipek Deniz Yildirim,
• Feray Bakan and
• Emre Erdem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 49–57, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.4

• tantalum carbide MXene sheets was carried out using X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The results of XRD, FE-SEM, and Raman showed that tantalum carbide MXenes are layered solid

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• ± 1]:[25 ± 1]:[2 ± 0.5]. The XRD diffractogram shows a predominantly hexagonal crystal structure (JCPDS No. 00-028-1192), which is typical for such UCNPs (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1) [47]. The core was coated with two different silica layers: 7 ± 1 nm for the thin-shelled silica layer

• , XRD data, STEM images, ICP-OES, and cell cycle data. Acknowledgements We thank I. Pieper from the research group of Prof. Dr. Martin Kaupenjohann (Technische Universität Berlin) for the ICP-OES measurements, Prof. Dr. R. Haag (Freie Universität Berlin) for providing access to the dynamic light

• scattering setup, Prof. Dr. E. Rühl (Freie Universität Berlin) for providing access to the fluorescence spectrometer, and Dr. S. Berendts from the research group of Prof. Dr. M. Lerch (Technische Universität Berlin) for the XRD measurements. This work is primarily based on the doctoral dissertation of its

Atomic layer deposited films of Al₂O₃ on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes: stability and barrier properties

• Hana Krýsová,
• Michael Neumann-Spallart,
• Hana Tarábková,
• Pavel Janda,
• Ladislav Kavan and
• Josef Krýsa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 24–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.2

• covered with a 10 nm Al2O3 layer (red), a 5 nm Al2O3 layer (green), or with a 2.5 nm Al2O3 layer (black). The applied potential was −1.2 V vs Ag/AgCl. The solution was stirred and Ar-bubbled. XRD patterns of samples polarized at −1.2 V vs Ag/AgCl in buffer (pH 7.2) for 5 h. Red trace: FTO, blue trace: FTO

• measurements and to Jaroslav Maixner for XRD measurements. Funding The authors would like to thank the Czech Science Foundation (project number 20-11635S) for financial support and acknowledge the assistance provided by the Research Infrastructure NanoEnviCz, supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and

Free and partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes

• Saja Al-Khabouri,
• Salim Al-Harthi,
• Toru Maekawa,
• Mohamed E. Elzain,
• Ashraf Al-Hinai,
• Ahmed D. Al-Rawas,
• Abbsher M. Gismelseed,
• Ali A. Yousif and
• Myo Tay Zar Myint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1891–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.170

• at 77 K, using a Mössbauer spectrometer in constant-acceleration mode with 50 mC 57Co in a Rh source. Results and Discussion Free MnFe2O4 nanoparticles The XRD patterns were analyzed using the MAUD (material analysis using diffraction) fitting software based on the Rietveld method and on Fourier

• the formation of partially encapsulated nanoparticles. Figure 4m and Figure 4n show the lattice planes of the manganese ferrite nanoparticles inside the tubes. All measurements were carried out on the sample shown in Figure 4i–l and confirmed by a shift of the XRD peaks of MnFe2O4. The X-ray

• MWCNTs, were prepared using wet chemistry methods. XPS and Mössbauer data confirmed that Fe3+ and Mn2+ are oxidation states for partially encapsulated MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. Significant XRD peak shifts (i.e., a decrease in interplanar distances) were observed for partially encapsulated manganese ferrite

Piezotronic effect in AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction nanowires used as a flexible strain sensor

• Jianqi Dong,
• Liang Chen,
• Yuqing Yang and
• Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1847–1853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.166

• (right panel). It can be seen that there is a clear dividing line (ultrathin AlN layer) between AlGaN and GaN. An interplanar spacing of 0.52 nm was measured in the GaN layer along the [2] direction. Furthermore, an X-ray diffraction (XRD) scan of the epitaxial structure is shown in Figure 1c. The full

• heterojunction (left panel, b1) and HRTEM image of the corresponding GaN layer (right panel, b2). (c) XRD 2θ scan of the epitaxial structure in the region of the (002) reflection. (a) Schematic diagrams after ICP dry etching, (b) during EC wet etching, (c) and of a single nanowire. (d) SEM image of a AlGaN/AlN

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• octahedrally coordinated and connected to an interlinked SiO4 tetrahedra layer. This was further confirmed by XRD data. Figure S2a in Supporting Information File 1 shows the XRD patterns for mesoporous SiO2 and mSiO2@NiPS. A broad peak was observed at 2θ = 22° in the SiO2 and mSiO2@NiPS samples, corresponding

• morphological features, Energy dispersive spectroscopy data, XRD patterns and specific surface area analysis of the core–shell nanomaterials. Supporting Information File 146: Additional experimental results. Funding We would like to acknowledge the financial support received from the NRF, the University of the

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• analyze the BiFeO3 nanomaterial are powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV–visible reflectance spectroscopy. Furthermore, we investigated the photocatalytic efficiency of this nanomaterial under visible light in the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) as a model

• sieve. Mesoporous silica SBA-15 with a pore size diameter of approximately 8 nm was prepared according to the procedures describe elsewhere [38][42]. Please find the corresponding small-angle xrd pattern (Figure S3), BET analysis (Figure S4, Table S2) and a TEM image (Figure S5) of the synthesized SBA

• channels of the mesoporus silica host are still intact (Figure S6, Supporting Information File 1). Figure 4 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern at room temperature of the powdered BiFeO3 sample after the removal of the silica matrix. The XRD diffraction pattern indicates the formation of the pure-phase

Self-standing heterostructured NiC_x-NiFe-NC/biochar as a highly efficient cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries

• Shengyu Jing,
• Xu Gong,
• Shan Ji,
• Linhui Jia,
• Bruno G. Pollet,
• Sheng Yan and
• Huagen Liang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1809–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.163

• were washed with ethanol and water alternatively and calcined at a certain temperature for 2 h with a heating ramp of 5 °C·min−1 in a tube furnace in nitrogen atmosphere. The calcined samples were labeled as NiFe-PBA/PP-T. Physical characterization X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded using a

• calcined at 700 °C, NiFe-PBA/PP-900 had a grape-like morphology (Figure 2c). The crystal structure of NiFe-PBA/PP-T samples was obtained from XRD (Figure 2d). A characteristic peak at approx. 2θ = 26.4° was observed in the XRD patterns of both samples, and was attributed to the (002) plane of graphite

• (JCPDS No: 41-1487). In the XRD pattern of NiFe-PBA/PP-700, three peaks at 43.6°, 50.8°, and 74.7° were attributed to the (111), (200), and (220) planes of the Awaruite phase of the Fe0.64Ni0.36 alloy (JCPDS No: 47-1405). After the sample was heated to 900 °C, the three peaks of the Fe0.64Ni0.36 alloy

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• ). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra in the range from 500 to 4000 cm−1 were recorded with a FTIR spectrometer (Nicolet IS10). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted using a BRUKER D8 X-ray diffractometer in the 2θ range of 0–100° at a scanning rate of 5°·min−1. For atomic force microscopy

• the successful conjugation of amino groups onto the surface of CNTs-PEG-PEI. XRD results (Figure 4D) show diffraction peaks of different carbon nanomaterials at 26° and 42°. In comparison with the raw SWCNTs, the diffraction peaks of CNTs-COOH samples become notably sharper. Furthermore, the

• different acid solutions: (B) H2SO4/H2O2, (C) HNO3, (D) H2SO4/HNO3, (E) CNTs-PEG and (F) CNTs-PEG-PEI. Characterization of different nanocarriers. (A, B) XPS spectra, (C) FTIR spectra, (D) XRD diffraction patterns (a: raw SWCNTs; b–d: CNTs-COOH synthesized using different acid solutions, b: H2SO4/H2O2, c

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

• Hiroaki Komuro,
• Masahiro Yamazoe,
• Kosuke Nozaki,
• Akiko Nagai and
• Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

• HAp nanoparticles were prepared using the water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion method. The characterization of the prepared HAp nanoparticles was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). TEM provided insight into the

• morphology of the obtained product. As presented in Figure 1a, the nanometer-sized particles exhibited identical spherical-like morphology. The average particle diameter of the prepared HAp was 159 ± 47 nm (Figure 1b). The XRD pattern of the product is illustrated in Figure 1c. All the diffraction peaks of

• centrifuged and washed with distilled water and ethanol to remove oil and surfactant. The resulting particles were dispersed in distilled water. Physicochemical characteristics were examined using XRD (D8 Advance, Bruker), FTIR (FT/IR-4100, Jasco), and TEM (H-7100, Hitachi). The product was filtered using a

Piezoelectric sensor based on graphene-doped PVDF nanofibers for sign language translation

• Shuai Yang,
• Xiaojing Cui,
• Rui Guo,
• Zhiyi Zhang,
• Shengbo Sang and
• Hulin Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1655–1662, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.148

• , and 1.0 wt %. Figure 2b shows SEM images after doping with different concentrations. It can be found that all spinning solutions yield a uniform fiber film without GR agglomeration after electrospinning. Figure 2c shows the FTIR spectra of samples with different doping concentrations. Further, XRD was

• concentrations. (c) FTIR spectra of the PVDF fibers. (d) XRD patterns of the PVDF fibers. (e) Stress–strain curves of the PVDF fibers. (a) Schematic diagram of the PES under external pressure. (b) Output voltage as a function of the applied pressure for different doping concentrations. (c) Waveforms

Oxidation of Au/Ag films by oxygen plasma: phase separation and generation of nanoporosity

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Said A. Mansour,
• Mujaheed Pasha,
• Atef Zekri,
• Janarthanan Ponraj,
• Akshath Shetty and
• Yousef Haik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1608–1614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.143

• formation of unique features, consisting of silver oxide nanoporous microspheres (Figure 1). Our observation was supported by various characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). We conducted our

• nanoporosity was not limited to the surface of the microspheres. To investigate the crystalline structure of the phases formed during the oxidation process, XRD patterns were recorded as a function of the oxidation time (Figure 4). The XRD pattern of the as-grown Au/Ag film (i.e., zero minutes of oxidation

• , black line) matches the cubic Au/Ag phase. Even though the Au/Ag film consisted of 75 atom % Ag, no crystalline silver phase was detected. After three minutes of oxidation no significant changes were observed in the XRD pattern (Figure 4, red line). This is probably due to the fact that both the size

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• ) mixed with cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant. The effect of the CTAB surfactant on the structural, morphological, optical, and elemental composition of Ag2S NPs was evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy

• (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV–vis spectroscopy. The optical absorption decreased and the optical energy gap of α-Ag2S increased from 1.5 to 2 eV after the CTAB surfactant was added to the Tu solution. XRD studies revealed that the synthesized Ag2S NPs were polycrystalline

• reference in one cuvette and the second cuvette was filled with thiourea solution and Ag2S nanoparticles. An X-ray diffractometer (XRD-6000, Shimadzu) was used to investigate the structural properties of Ag2S NPs deposited on the glass substrate. A Fourier-transform IR (FTIR) spectrophotometer (8400S

Cu₂O nanoparticles for the degradation of methyl parathion

• Juan Rizo,
• David Díaz,
• Benito Reyes-Trejo and
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1546–1555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.137

• different NPs sizes (16, 29 and 45 nm), determined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), were synthesized using a modified Benedict’s reagent. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results show that the hydrolytic degradation of MP leads to the formation of

• with a double-way optic fiber coupled to a PC. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were collected with a Bruker D2 Phaser diffractometer equipped with a conventional X-ray tube (Cu Kα radiation, 30 kV, 10 mA) and the LYNXEYE one-dimensional detector. A primary divergence slit module width of 1

• and a HSA of 50 eV pass energy. Results and Discussion Characterization of Cu2O NPs with powder XRD and HRTEM The structural and morphological characterization of Cu2O NPs was carried out using powder X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Copper(I) oxide is

Impact of fluorination on interface energetics and growth of pentacene on Ag(111)

• Qi Wang,
• Meng-Ting Chen,
• Antoni Franco-Cañellas,
• Bin Shen,
• Thomas Geiger,
• Holger F. Bettinger,
• Frank Schreiber,
• Ingo Salzmann,
• Alexander Gerlach and
• Steffen Duhm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1361–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.120

• , C 1s and F 1s core levels, full UPS survey spectra, XRD measurement and analysis of PFP on Ag(111) and a set of XSW measurements. Supporting Information File 158: Additional experimental data. Acknowledgements The authors thank the Diamond Light Source for access to beamline I09, and the staff, in

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• (National Institute of Mental Health, USA). The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area and porosity of the CCGNFs were determined by using a surface area analyzer (Micromeritics, ASAP 2020, USA) at 77 K, taking into consideration the N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms. X-ray diffraction (XRD

• porous structure on the surface of the CGCNFs, due to the decomposition of the PGCNFs and PAN coating during carbonization. FTIR and XRD spectra analysis The FTIR spectra were used to analyze whether there was any interaction between PAN and graphene. In the PAN spectrum, the absorption peaks at 1239

• , indicating that most of the CNFs were decomposed after carbonization, leaving behind only the carbon skeleton in the CGCNFs. Figure 3b shows PAN nanofibers, graphene, PGCNFs and CGCNFs crystalline structures obtained via XRD. According to the XRD results, the peak observed at 2θ = 17° can be designated as

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• show borders of the intermediate state. Main characteristics of the prepared samples. Here x is the thickness of the Fe layers, the column “XRD” gives the corresponding Miller indices of the peaks observed in the experiment, TNb and TSL are the temperatures of deposition of the thick Nb layer and the

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• carbonization (HT carbons), and two samples were obtained from carbonized resorcinol–formaldehyde resins (RF carbons). The electrochemical sodium storage characteristics of the RF carbons were previously reported [28][29]. Characterization of hard carbons The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns consistently point

• carbonized at 1000 or 1600 °C for 2 h in a stream of argon gas (1 L min−1). The carbon samples derived from RF gels (RF carbons) were labeled with the carbonization temperature, namely RF-1000 and RF-1600. Characterization Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and Raman spectroscopy were employed to

High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO₃ nanoparticles

• Adnanullah Khan,
• Amir Habib and
• Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

• °, which corresponds to the intermolecular π–π stacking structure and amorphous packing of the polymer [19]. The XRD pattern of hydrothermally prepared BTO nanoparticles shows good agreement with the tetragonal perovskite structure (JCPDS No. 05-0626) with the P4mm space group [20][21]. The major

• common impurities such as BaCO3 [22]. XRD pattern of core–shell BTO-PTh nanoparticles shows the characteristic diffractions of tetragonal BTO along with the additional peaks corresponding to certain impurities or by-products formed during the oxidative polymerization of Th. Albeit the crystallinity of

• + ions from BTO nanoparticles during the polymerization reaction [24], which can react with SO42− ions in the solution to form insoluble BaSO4. Nevertheless, XRD patterns of BTO and BTO-PTh nanoparticles confirm the dominant tetragonal perovskite structure of the BTO lattice. Figure 4a shows a SEM image

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• obtain homogeneous Ag–TiO2 nanocomposites with a high yield. The prepared compounds were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR and UV–vis spectrophotometry. The cell viability upon exposure to the splat-shaped Ag–TiO2 nanocomposites was evaluated by using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The antimicrobial

• with ethanol and centrifuged for further use. Pure TiO2 NPs were also prepared by using the above method without the addition of Ag as a precursor. Sample characterizations The crystal structure of the samples was investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD, ARL X'TRA, Thermo Techno, USA) using a

• solutions, dried and applied on the culture plates. Finally, the plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h and the zone of inhibition was measured around the disc to estimate the antimicrobial activity [22]. Results and Discussion The XRD spectra were analyzed to verify the crystal structure and the phase

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• seeds to evaluate germination rate and germination speed index (GSI), and biometric analyses with the values of root area, root fresh matter, and shoot length of the plants. Results and Discussion Characterization of ZnAl-NAA-LDH The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of neat NAA and ZnAl-NAA-LDH

• software by image) [33]. Root fresh matter determination was performed with the aid of a high-precision analytical scale (Shimadzu AUY 220). The length of the shoot of the plants was measured directly with a high-grade ruler (1:1.000). Characterizations techniques Powder X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD

• ) were recorded in a Shimadzu X-ray Diffractometer XRD-6000 mode using Cu Kα1 radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å), 40 kV, 40 mA, sweep range 2θ from 2° to 70° with a scan step of 0.02°/s. Electronic absorption spectra were acquired in an equipment Thermo Scientific model Evolution 300. The morphology of the LDH