Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• . Furthermore, these sensors exhibit an excellent selectivity to acetone compared to other target gases, including ethanol, acetic acid, dimethylformamide (DMF) and ammonia [11][193]. Cho et al. [190] have synthesized Pt, Cu and La NPs (3–5 nm) to surface functionalize ZnO NFs using protein (apoferrtin (AF

• similar sensitivity to acetone. ZnO–SnO2 hollow NF based sensors show excellent selectivity to ethanol as compared with acetone, ammonia, glacial acetic acid, DMF, and formaldehyde [222]. A ZnO shell grown on SnO2 NFs by a hydrothermal method exhibits a response of 392.29 toward 100 ppm of ethanol at 200

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• studies on the oxidation of oxalic acid on charcoal containing nitrogen and iron [7]. In 1966, activated carbon, heated at high temperatures in the presence of ammonia, was used in the cathode of a fuel cell showing an enhanced activity for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen [8]. However, a metal

• -synthetic treatments. The most common technique for doping during the synthesis is chemical vapor deposition (CVD), similar to the synthesis of the pristine material [36][69][70], albeit using nitrogen-containing precursors such as benzylamine [71], acetonitrile [72][73], phthalocyanines [74][75] or ammonia

• responsible for the high catalytic performance in the ORR, although they reported a lower efficiency compared to commercial Pt catalysts. Remarkably, Luo and co-workers succeeded to synthesize graphene dope with purely pyridinic N by CVD of hydrogen, ethylene and ammonia on Cu foils [104], with nitrogen

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• particles were prepared via a sol–gel reaction of titanium alkoxide in a mixed solvent solution in the presence of a surfactant and an aqueous ammonia solution. The desired amount of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) was dissolved in a solution of ethanol and acetonitrile with different volume ratios under

• vigorous stirring. After completely dissolving the HPC, aqueous ammonia (0.8 mL) was added to the solution. After stirring for 10 min, a solution of tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT) with the desired amount in a mixture of ethanol and acetonitrile was quickly injected into the above solution. The total volume of

Light extraction efficiency enhancement of flip-chip blue light-emitting diodes by anodic aluminum oxide

• Yi-Ru Huang,
• Yao-Ching Chiu,
• Kuan-Chieh Huang,
• Shao-Ying Ting,
• Po-Jui Chiang,
• Chih-Ming Lai,
• Chun-Ping Jen,
• Snow H. Tseng and
• Hsiang-Chen Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1602–1612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.152

• deposition apparatus. An inductively coupled plasma etcher was used to prepare periodic arrays with a depth of 1.5 μm on the PSS. Trimethylgallium, trimethylindium, ammonia, bicyclopentadienyl magnesium, and silane served as the precursors of Ga, In, N, Mg, and Si, respectively. The epitaxial structure of

Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• ]. Synthesis of interpolymer complexed (IPC)-SPIOs One mmol FeCl2 was added dropwise to 2 mmol FeCl3 in 50 mL DI water under magnetic stirring [26][52][53][54]. The solution was heated to 80 °C, and 30 mL of 1 M NH4OH solution was added dropwise. After adding ammonia, the mixture was left for 5 h to approach

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• (MEA) were added into a flask containing water (100 mL). The pH was adjusted with ammonia solution. The substrate had to be placed upright in solution. Synthesis was performed at 90 °C for 3 h, with magnetic stirring, and the final pH was typically 10.8–11. After cooling to room temperature, the sub

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• catalyst supports for nitric oxide (NO) removal through selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with ammonia are examined in this review. A number of carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), activated carbon (AC), and graphene (GR) and non-carbon-based materials, such as Zeolite Socony Mobil–5

• gasoline engines. In the SCR of NO, a reducing agent must be introduced into the system in order to successfully convert NO into nitrogen (N2), inert gases such as ammonia (NH3), and urea [5]. The reaction system reduces the Gibbs free energy values initiated by the reducing agent; the introduction of

• starts by initially dissolving a certain amount of metal chemical forms into a homogenous solution. An ammonia solution is then added gradually to the earlier mixture until the pH reaches 10. Then, the slurry is filtered, washed, and dried overnight in the oven before undergoing the activation procedure

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• pollutants from water very effectively. Experimental Materials Both titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) and dicyandiamide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, India. Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O), acrylamide and D-glucose were supplied by MP Biomedicals, India. Ammonia solution (NH3 about 25

• g of glucose and 0.135 mol of acrylamide were successively added with constant stirring. The thus-obtained viscous solution was made up to 100 mL by adding distilled water, and aqueous ammonia was added dropwise to get a final pH of 2. This solution was heated at 70 °C on a hot plate to initiate the

Anchoring Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating

• Błażej Scheibe,
• Radosław Mrówczyński,
• Natalia Michalak,
• Karol Załęski,
• Michał Matczak,
• Mateusz Kempiński,
• Zuzanna Pietralik,
• Mikołaj Lewandowski,
• Stefan Jurga and
• Feliks Stobiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55

• sample was in turn related to ammonia used for magnetite nanoparticle synthesis. The deconvoluted detailed C 1s, O 1s, N 1s and Fe 2p spectra are presented in Figure 6. The positions and concentrations of the fitted peaks are listed in Table S1 in Supporting Information File 1. The C 1s lines were fitted

• ammonia in Fe3O4-containing samples made the identification of the PDA-related nitrogen peaks problematic. The analysis of the iron Fe 2p region indicated the presence of Fe3O4, as the fitted components – corresponding to Fe2+, Fe3+ and satellites – were positioned at the characteristic binding energy

• ≥99.5%, dopamine hydrochloride and ethylenediamine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Hydrochloric acid 35–38%, sulfuric acid 95%, ethanol 99.8%, ethanol 96% and hydrogen peroxide solution 30% were purchased from POCH. Ammonia solution 25% and potassium permanganate were obtained from Chempur and J.T

Colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles for label-free colorimetric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions

• Alessandro Buccolieri,
• Antonio Serra,
• Gabriele Giancane and
• Daniela Manno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 499–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.48

• Alessandro Buccolieri Antonio Serra Gabriele Giancane Daniela Manno GFA-Gruppo di Fisica Applicata, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi”, Università del Salento Lecce, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.9.48 Abstract Silver nanoparticles were synthesized in the presence of saccharides and ammonia

• (NH3) in the concentration range from 10−2 to 103 ppm to develop an optical sensor for NH3 in aqueous solutions. Ammonia affects the features of the nanoparticles obtained in a concentration-dependent manner as determined by UV–vis absorption analysis and TEM observations. Structural and morphological

• analysis provides the basis for the production of a colorimetric label-free sensor for ammonia. Overall, surface plasmon resonance increases when ammonia concentration rises, although the functional trend is not the same over the entire investigated ammonia concentration range. Three different ranges have

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• effect against E. coli K-261. Experimental Synthesis of BN NPs and BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials Raw BN NPs were produced using a boron oxide CVD process from a mixture of FeO, MgO, and B powders (a weight ratio 150:28:75) via a reaction of boron oxide vapour and flowing ammonia in the vertical induction

Review on optofluidic microreactors for artificial photosynthesis

• Xiaowen Huang,
• Jianchun Wang,
• Tenghao Li,
• Jianmei Wang,
• Min Xu,
• Weixing Yu,
• Abdel El Abed and
• Xuming Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 30–41, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.5

• water splitting. As a renewable and nontoxic gas, hydrogen works not only as a clean fuel but also as a feedstock for important chemical production, such as ammonia and methanol. Similarly, light-driven CO2 reduction has great potential as a clean fuel supplier, especially for the production of methanol

Gas-sensing behaviour of ZnO/diamond nanostructures

• Marina Davydova,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Jiri Smarhak,
• Alexander Kromka,
• Neda Neykova,
• Josef Nahlik,
• Jiri Kroutil,
• Jan Drahokoupil and
• Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 22–29, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.4

• ) in order to investigate their gas sensing properties for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at different concentration ranges of 25–100 ppm or 1250–5000 ppm. For this purpose we developed three different gas sensor devices based on i) NCD thin films, ii) ZnO nanorods, and

• ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ammonia (NH3) at different concentrations at a temperature of 150 °C. The constant gas flow of 100 mL/min was maintained during all the measurements. Results and Discussion Materials characterization and gas sensing Figure 2a shows a top-view SEM surface morphology image of the

Dry adhesives from carbon nanofibers grown in an open ethanol flame

• Christian Lutz,
• Julia Syurik,
• C. N. Shyam Kumar,
• Christian Kübel,
• Michael Bruns and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2719–2728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.271

• their pure state under hydrogen or ammonia treatment. These processes require a comparably complex infrastructure, a certain amount of process gases and huge energy input. There exist, however, alternative methods for CNT and CNF growth which are surprisingly simple [5][6][7][8][9]. They need only an

• same time it avoids the use of unfavourable gases such as hydrogen or ammonia and electrical power for heating as the ethanol flame provides sufficiently high temperatures by itself. It is, of course, unlikely to produce CNFs on an industrial scale with an open flame under ambient conditions. It might

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• ammonia, thereby enlarging the pH value. In turn, the formation of inorganic deposits (mainly hydroxyapatite, calcium oxalate and struvite) is promoted [5]. In ureteral stents with their maximum lumen of 1 mm, these deposits can completely block the drainage [6]. In both systems, the initial colonization

• easily precipitated by Cl− ions. The solubility product is 10−10 mol2/L2. Urine contains approximately 0.1 M of Cl−. Silver and silver ions can only be used because urine also contains urease and urea, which generate ammonia, NH3. Ammonia is responsible for a successful application of the antibacterial

• + solution (AgNO3 dissolved in a surplus of aqueous ammonia (type TL, Medorex, Nörten-Hardenberg, Germany), to which a certain amount of a monosaccharide (glucose) or a disaccharide (maltose) is added (denoted as Tollens’ reagent) and air (Figure 9), by which a chain of bubbles is generated, consisting of

Synthesis and catalytic application of magnetic Co–Cu nanowires

• Lijuan Sun,
• Xiaoyu Li,
• Zhiqiang Xu,
• Kenan Xie and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1769–1773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.178

• easily separated from the reaction mixture. Furthermore, they were applied to the hydrolysis system of ammonia borane as a catalyst for the first time. More importantly, the catalysis results showed that the bimetallic nanowires possessed appealing catalytic performance. Therefore, a rapid and facile

• , bimetallic Co–Cu nanowires with a highly desirable linear structure were successfully synthesized via a rapid and facile template-free method [9][10][11] assisted by magnetic fields. Moreover, they were applied to catalyze the hydrolysis of ammonia borane (NH3–BH3, AB) for the first time. This result lays

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

• photocatalytic reaction, the H2 evolution rate was constant. This is mainly because the GO band gap decreases during the reaction, leading to the upward shift of the VB. Teng et al. [113] have shown the functional engineering of GO for tuning its band gap by its treatment with ammonia and have explored its

• photocatalytic activity in water splitting reactions under visible light irradiation. Ammonia-modified GO (NGO) shows n-type conductivity due to the introduction of nitrogen functionality. The band gap of NGO is narrowed due to the removal of various epoxy and carboxyl groups and it further acts as a promising

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• methods. For this purpose different sizes of Atto647N-doped silica nanoparticles were synthesised following either the method of Stöber [36] or the C-dots method [42]. Both methods utilise ammonia as a catalyst, which has a large influence on the dimension and morphology of the obtained silica

• nanoparticles. Indeed, it is well known that the particle size increases with an increase in ammonia concentration [53][54]. The use of ammonia could be a major limitation for dyes, which are sensitive to high-alkaline pH values. Another drawback of both methods is a broader particle size distribution (Table 2

• /ammonia mixture (0.41 mL/23.57 mL/0.50 mL) directly before the corresponding amount of TEOS. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 d at room temperature. To gain larger dyed silica nanoparticles (d = 60 nm) the same amount of dye was added to the changed ratio of TEOS (1.05 mL, 4.7 mmol) and the water

Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Magdalena Rogowska,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

• ), Mn (Mn0.5Fe2.5O4) and Ni (Ni0.5Fe2.5O4) were prepared. The synthesis of these materials was done by the modification of Massart’s method [33]. This is based on the co-precipitation of (0.81 g) Fe(III) and (0.29 g) Fe(II) chlorides in 0.5% ammonia aqueous solution at a temperature of 80 °C under Ar

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• methanol, dried under ambient conditions and subsequently dissolved in water by neutralizing with 25 wt % aqueous ammonia solution. The clear polymer solution was transferred into dialysis tubing (Aldrich, cellulose membrane, typical molecular weight cut-off: 3500 kDa) and the dialysis was carried out

• against 5 M ammonia solution for 3 days with 6 changes of the ammonia solution. The obtained white crystalline LPEI was washed with water and acetone and dried in a desiccator over silica gel under vacuum. The remaining water content is about 20 wt % as determined by thermogravimetric analysis

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• material. Experimental Materials Polystyrene (PS, pro-plast from BASF), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, ABCR), ammonia (NH3, Grüssing), dimethylformamide (DMF, Merck), tetrahydrofuran (THF, Merck), and ethanol (EtOH, Brenntag) were used as received without further purification. Synthesis of polystyrene

CVD transfer-free graphene for sensing applications

• Chiara Schiattarella,
• Sten Vollebregt,
• Tiziana Polichetti,
• Brigida Alfano,
• Ettore Massera,
• Maria Lucia Miglietta,
• Girolamo Di Francia and
• Pasqualina Maria Sarro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1015–1022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.102

• straightforward integration in electronic devices. Keywords: ammonia; chemiresistors; CMOS-compatible process; graphene; nitrogen dioxide; transfer-free growth; Introduction Due to its extraordinary electronic, chemical, mechanical, thermal and optical properties, graphene has been defined as the “wonder

• have been exposed to NH3. Even in this case both chemiresistors exhibit a comparable percentage variation of the conductance, as well as similar kinetics (Figure 4). Because ammonia is an electron-donor analyte, the conductance show a decrease, further confirming the p-type nature of the synthesized

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• floating-catalyst CVD process with a use of ferrocene as catalyst precursor and a small amount of ammonia. Over 90% of SWCNTs had near-armchair structure. It was suggested that NH3, which is a strong etchant, selectively etched off SWCNTs with small chiral angles due to their higher reactivity and lower

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• lithium storage upon cycling contribute to an enhanced specific capacity [142]. N-doped MnO–graphene prepared by a simple hydrothermal method followed by a heat treatment under ammonia atmosphere, shows a higher capacity and cycle life due to the unique N-doped nanostructure and the efficient mixing with

Gas sensing properties of MWCNT layers electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Riccardo Rossi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 592–603, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.64

• this case, to explain the higher sensitivity of Pd-functionalized MWCNTs in the detection of ammonia and small hydrocarbon gas molecules like butane [54]. According to [54][55], when present on the MWCNT surface, Pd NPs form a weakly bonded complex between Pd atoms and adsorbed oxygen molecules at room