Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants

• Reika Makita,
• Tsukasa Akasaka,
• Seiichi Tamagawa,
• Yasuhiro Yoshida,
• Saori Miyata,
• Hirofumi Miyaji and
• Tsutomu Sugaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1735–1754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.165

• . The stability of the different gelatin patterns could be controlled by the degree of genipin crosslinking. The gelatin patterns at 20 mM concentration of genipin and 41% crosslinking maintained a stable, patterned shape for at least 14 days in a cell culture medium. A cell morphology study showed that

• , we investigated the effect of genipin concentration on the stability of the different gelatin surface patterns in cell culture medium, as shown in Figure 2. The color of the crosslinked patterns gradually became a darker blue as the concentration of genipin increased from 1 to 20 mM. As shown in

• in the cell culture medium, gelatin surfaces with grooves (500 nm width and 500 nm height) were immersed in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). After 1 h, 7 days, or 14 days of incubation, the immersed gelatin grooves were fixed with glutaraldehyde and

Perfusion double-channel micropipette probes for oxygen flux mapping with single-cell resolution

• Yang Gao,
• Bin Li,
• Riju Singhal,
• Adam Fontecchio,
• Ben Pelleg,
• Zulfiya Orynbayeva,
• Yury Gogotsi and
• Gary Friedman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 850–860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.79

• consumption rates of small individual cells. The general idea behind the proposed use of a double-channel pipette for oxygen consumption measurement by individual cells in a cell culture is illustrated in Figure 1a. The SEM images of two theta pipettes (whose cross-sections looks like the Greek letter θ

• individual cells in cell culture. Figure 5 illustrates that high resolution is achievable. In fact, it shows that the resolution is on the order of the pipette diameter and, since diameters smaller than micrometers are readily achievable [40][41][42], spatial resolution on the order of micrometers is

• selected in all studies to have the most accurate result with relative tolerance set to 10−6. a) Illustration of the double-barrel perfusion-based single-cell respirometry probe. The cell culture or tissue dish is shown on top of an x–y–z positioning set-up. The inset (1) shows tubing for the inlet and

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• type with cell culture medium containing PrestoBlue (PB) reduced by untreated cells. As shown in Figure S4 (Supporting Information File 1), reading fluorescence emission at 590 nm before and after the addition of C-dots shows no interference of the C-dots on PB emission at 560 nm excitation wavelength

• set at 200 °C, and the collision cell energy between 17.5 and 52.5 eV. Cell culture HK-2 cells were grown in DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 U·mL−1 penicillin/100 μg·mL−1 streptomycin, 2.5 μg·mL−1 fungizone, and 5 μg·mL−1 human transferrin. LN-229 cells were maintained in DMEM high

• excitation wavelength of 560 nm. To assess the level of interference of the C-dots on the technique used to measure cell viability, untreated cells were similarly incubated with PB to obtain the reduced compound. The obtained cell culture medium containing the reduced compound was separated from the cells

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

• Liga Saulite,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

• ; mesenchymal stem cells; quantum dots; spheroids; 3D cell culture; Introduction The recent progress in the development of nanoscale agents opens up new perspectives for targeted drug delivery in cancer diagnostics, imaging and therapy. However, once administered into the body, nanoparticles (NPs) are rapidly

• uptake pathway in 3D conditions likely due to poor inhibitor penetrance into the spheroids. In general, 3D cultures are extensively studied given their potential to mimic cellular interactions and signal transduction occurring in in vivo conditions [14]. Briefly, 3D cell culture formation occurs on

• nanoparticle delivery vehicles to specifically target metastatic breast cancer cells. Experimental Cell culture Primary human skin mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from frozen primary cell stock were used in accordance with authorised approval from the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Ethics

Liquid-crystalline nanoarchitectures for tissue engineering

• Baeckkyoung Sung and
• Min-Ho Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 205–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.22

• purposes, LCEs need to undergo additional physicochemical modifications. For example, Abbott and co-workers developed a cell-culture monitoring tool with which the orientational order of ECM-decorated nematic LCE substrates could be utilized for sensing ECM-attachment and proliferation of human embryonic

Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages

• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,
• Sandor Balog,
• Ana Milosevic,
• Dominic Urban,
• Diana Peckys,
• Niels de Jonge,
• Wolfgang J. Parak,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239

• by analytical methods to assess their cellular uptake mechanisms and intracellular distribution after uptake at the single-cell level. Both NP types were provided to the cells both as single exposure, or combined as co-exposure. The NP behaviour in complete-serum-containing cell culture media was

• (ESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while quantification of gold and iron oxide was performed by inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The endocytotic route was determined by the use of specific inhibitors. Results Particle characterisation in cell culture

• ). Depolarized dynamic light scattering measurements show that all particles analysed remained stable in both single and co-exposure experiments over 24 h in complete cell culture media (not shown). See Figures S1–S13 (Supporting Information File 1) for a full description of particle synthesis and

Evaluating the toxicity of TiO₂-based nanoparticles to Chinese hamster ovary cells and Escherichia coli: a complementary experimental and computational approach

• Alicja Mikolajczyk,
• Natalia Sizochenko,
• Ewa Mulkiewicz,
• Anna Malankowska,
• Michal Nischk,
• Przemyslaw Jurczak,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Grzegorz Nowaczyk,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska,
• Jerzy Leszczynski,
• Agnieszka Gajewicz and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.216

• , as described previously [53]. Toxicity to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells Nanoparticles were ground for 5 min using a mortar and pestle, suspended to a concentration of 1 mg/mL in complete cell culture medium with 0.1% pluronic F68 (cytotoxicity assay) or TSB (MIC determination) and sonicated in

• . Because Au nanoparticles absorb light in the visible region, the plates were centrifuged to avoid interference with the assay. At the next step, 100 µL of medium from each cell culture was transferred to a 96-well plate and the absorbance at 450 nm was measured. Cell viability was calculated as means of

Carbon nano-onions as fluorescent on/off modulated nanoprobes for diagnostics

• Stefania Lettieri,
• Marta d’Amora,
• Adalberto Camisasca,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1878–1888, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.188

• treated with only cell culture medium were used as a control. The cell viability percentage was above 80%, showing that CNOs exhibited moderate toxicity to the cells at the tested concentrations (Figure 6). The observed high viability of the HeLa cells treated with CNOs demonstrated their suitability for

• . Cell culture HeLa cells (obtained from a human cervix carcinoma) were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (Life Technologies) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Life Technologies), 100 IU/mL penicillin and 100 μg mL−1 (Life Technologies) in humidified atmosphere at 37 °C

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄ core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

• Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas,
• Marius Stasys,
• Greta Jarockyte,
• Vilius Poderys,
• Simas Sakirzanovas and
• Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

• (Figure 3c), indicating that the Tween 80 was successfully coated onto the UCNPs. Additionally, dynamic light scattering (DLS) was employed to measure the hydrodynamic diameter of Tween-coated UCNPs in the cell culture medium as well as their surface zeta potential. The measured mean hydrodynamic diameter

Luminescent supramolecular hydrogels from a tripeptide and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots

• Maria C. Cringoli,
• Slavko Kralj,
• Marina Kurbasic,
• Massimo Urban and
• Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1553–1562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.157

• materials. Peptide self-assembled hydrogels are inherently biocompatible and biodegradable and thus are promising biomaterials for cell culture, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and drug delivery applications [22]. The identification of self-assembling peptides that are as short as possible is

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• cytotoxicity of the NPs was tested by a cell culture based viability assay. Results and Discussion Synthesis and characterization of the multifunctional nanoparticles The synthesis of the CaF2:(Tb3+,Gd3+) NPs was carried out in analogy to the reported wet-chemical procedure that is based on a co-precipitation

• without appropriate surface modification have a disposition to agglomerate and sediment subsequently under physiological conditions because of their pH value and salt content [39][40][41]. One crucial requirement for the application of NPs in cell-culture experiments or animal testing is the stabilization

• in physiological media. In contrast to an electrostatically stabilization of the NPs, for example by capping the CaF2 NPs surface with citrate groups [28], we ensure the stability of the NPs in serum-containing cell-culture media in an electrosterical way. To this end, a polymer consisting of a

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• their drug encapsulation, release profile and anticancer activity on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line in particular. Safety and apoptotic efficacy of blank and PCX-loaded cationic or anionic amphiphilic CD nanoparticles were evaluated with cell culture studies against a series of healthy and cancer

• therefore be suggested that the surface charge of nanoparticle is directly effective on the drug release profile. Cell culture studies In order to determine the safety of blank amphiphilic CD nanoparticles and the anticancer efficacy of PCX-loaded amphiphilic CD nanoparticles, L929 mouse fibroblast cells

• concentration dependent and that they are also non-hemolytic [24][45]. Therefore, these nanoparticles may be safe on healthy cells as drug carrying systems. To optimize the concentration of CD nanoparticles for cell culture studies, the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value of PCX was calculated on MCF-7

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• Background: Brain tumors are the most common tumors among adolescents. Although some chemotherapeutics are known to be effective against brain tumors based on cell culture studies, the same effect is not observed in clinical trials. For this reason, the development of drug delivery systems is important to

• particles, and the drug release rate from the nanoparticles was slowed down to 48 h by dispersing the nanoparticles in a hydroxypropyl cellulose film. Cell culture studies revealed that docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles cause higher cytotoxicity compared to the free docetaxel solution in DMSO. Conclusion

• recurrence during the first 2 days. Cell culture studies Cytotoxicity assay for blank nanoparticles Mouse fibroblast cell lines L929 (recommended by the USP for the cytotoxicity evaluation of polymeric systems) were used to determine the cytotoxicity of blank nanoparticles with MTT assay. According to MTT

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• , Figure S1). Based upon previous experience, we limited exposure times to 6 hours in order to reduce the risk of released free dye and fragmentation of the nanoparticles, stemming from partial solubility in cell culture medium, which could confuse uptake and transport studies [42]. Nanoparticle size and

• injected before each measurement to calibrate the instrument, followed by 100 µL of the undiluted particle dispersion. Cell culture and exposure to nanoparticles Caco-2 epithelial cells (supplied by European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures) were cultured in complete Dulbecco's Modified Eagle

Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers

• Hsien-Yeh Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1366–1374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.138

• was generated, and a subsequent cell-culture study showed that cell-signaling adenovirus was correlated along the copolymer gradients [74]. A similar combinatorial approach has also been demonstrated to generate poly(diethylaminoethylacrylate) and poly(dimethylaminomethylstyrene) gradients using an

Carbon nanomaterials sensitize prostate cancer cells to docetaxel and mitomycin C via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation

• Kati Erdmann,
• Jessica Ringel,
• Silke Hampel,
• Manfred P. Wirth and
• Susanne Fuessel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1307–1317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.132

• previously described [27][28]. Cell culture The human PCa cell line DU-145 (HTB-81; ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA) was cultured in Dulbecco’s modified minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% 1 M HEPES buffer and 1% MEM non-essential amino acids (all from Invitrogen, Karlsruhe

• , Germany) at standard conditions (37 °C, humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2). During treatment 1% streptomycin/penicillin (Invitrogen) was added to the cell culture medium. Cells were cultured in microplates and subsequently treated with the indicated agents. Individual treatments with carbon

• carbon nanomaterials alone for 22 h, afterwards the respective chemotherapeutic was added for another 2 h. Following incubation, the cells were washed twice with PBS and incubated with fresh cell culture medium for another 72 h followed by the conduction of the cellular assays. Cellular viability assay

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• , but indicate a much higher photostability and brightness. As revealed by dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements, all particle suspensions were stable in water and cell culture medium. In addition, uptake studies on A549 cells were performed, using confocal and stimulated emission

• makes the particles more stable against bleaching. Particle stability in cell culture medium To investigate the behaviour of nanoparticles under experimentally relevant conditions with regard to in vitro or in vivo applications, the particle stability was tested in cell culture media, which contain high

Evaluation of quantum dot conjugated antibodies for immunofluorescent labelling of cellular targets

• Jennifer E. Francis,
• David Mason and
• Raphaël Lévy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1238–1249, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.125

• ideal scenario would be a toolbox of commercially available Qdot-Abs that can be consistently used to label any biological structure of interest and not just tubulin and extracellular targets. Methods Cell culture Human cervix epithelioid carcinoma (HeLa, ECACC number 930210a3) cells were cultured in a

Nano-engineered skin mesenchymal stem cells: potential vehicles for tumour-targeted quantum-dot delivery

• Liga Saulite,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Simona Steponkiene,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1218–1230, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.123

• induced to differentiate in vitro into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and myogenic cells. Moreover, other cell types, such as neurons, glial cells and smooth muscle cells, could be obtained from MSCs under the appropriate cell culture conditions [9][10]. Among the broad variety of investigated NPs

• of 1 × 105 MSCs were first labelled with 16 nM QDs for 6 h in complete medium. After the primary labelling, the cell-culture supernatant was aspirated, the cells were rigorously rinsed and fresh complete or serum-free medium was added. The number of QD-positive cells was assessed using flow cytometry

• pathways. The loss of QD signal over time may possibly be explained by the excretion of QDs from MSCs, which could favour the use of MSCs as drug delivery vectors. These data validate the potential use of skin MSCs as NP delivery vectors for tumour-targeted therapies. Experimental Mesenchymal stem cell

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of cell lysates mixed with silver nanoparticles for tumor classification

• Mohamed Hassoun,
• Iwan W.Schie,
• Tatiana Tolstik,
• Sarmiza E. Stanca,
• Christoph Krafft and
• Juergen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1183–1190, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.120

• % humidity and 5% carbon dioxide in air. 75 cm2 cell culture flasks (658170; Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Germany) were used for cultivation of the cell lines. Every two or three days the medium was changed until approximately 100% confluence was reached. Cells were detached from the substrate by a 0.05% of trypsin

Silicon microgrooves for contact guidance of human aortic endothelial cells

• Sara Fernández-Castillejo,
• Pilar Formentín,
• Úrsula Catalán,
• Josep Pallarès,
• Lluís F. Marsal and
• Rosa Solà

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.72

• for its application in biotechnology and biomedicine [27][28]. Silicon dioxide is nontoxic and biocompatible, and based on these features it has been proposed as material for drug delivery in cell culture models and for tissue engineering [29]. In addition, silicon offers a flexible surface chemistry

• substrates for 2 days. After cell culture experiments, culture media were removed and cells were washed twice with PBS at 37 °C and afterwards fixed as previously described [31]. Afterwards, adhesion to silicon substrates, morphology and proliferation of HAECs were assessed using SEM (JEOL model JSM-6400

• ), as described further below. Staining on actin and nuclei and fluorescence confocal microscopy HAECs were cultured on the functionalized substrates for 2 and 7 days. After cell culture experiments, culture media were removed and cells were washed twice with PBS at 37 °C and afterwards fixed as

Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Olga Rotan,
• Katharina N. Severin,
• Simon Pöpsel,
• Alexander Peetsch,
• Melisa Merdanovic,
• Michael Ehrmann and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 381–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.40

• functionalized nanoparticles per cell in the cell culture experiments was calculated accordingly. Cell line culture and imaging Human epithelial cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) cell lines were cultured in DMEM, supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) under 37 °C, 5% CO2 and

• humidified atmosphere and cultivated according to standard cell culture protocols. A primary cell culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was cultivated using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) growth medium, supplemented according to the standard cultivation protocol. Approximately 12 h prior to the

• experiments, the cells were trypsinized and seeded in 24-well cell culture plates with 1·105 cells per well in 0.5 mL cell medium. The incubation with nanoparticles was carried out by adding a 50 µL aliquot of the particle dispersion to each well (i.e., the nanoparticle dispersion was diluted 1:11). The cells

Facile fabrication of luminescent organic dots by thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt, and their use for cell staining and polyelectrolyte microcapsule labelling

• Nadezhda M. Zholobak,
• Anton L. Popov,
• Alexander B. Shcherbakov,
• Nelly R. Popova,
• Mykhailo M. Guzyk,
• Valeriy P. Antonovich,
• Alla V. Yegorova,
• Yuliya V. Scrypynets,
• Inna I. Leonenko,
• Alexander Ye. Baranchikov and
• Vladimir K. Ivanov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.182

• applications of O-dots for alive/fixed cell staining and labelling of layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte microcapsules were evaluated. Keywords: cell culture; citric acid; layer-by-layer (LbL)-microcapsules; luminescence; organic dots (O-dots); staining; toxicity; Introduction Luminescent nanosized semiconductor

Low temperature co-fired ceramic packaging of CMOS capacitive sensor chip towards cell viability monitoring

• Niina Halonen,
• Joni Kilpijärvi,
• Maciej Sobocinski,
• Timir Datta-Chaudhuri,
• Antti Hassinen,
• Someshekar B. Prakash,
• Peter Möller,
• Pamela Abshire,
• Sakari Kellokumpu and
• Anita Lloyd Spetz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1871–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.179

• durable package compatible with cell culture. The LTCC-packaged sensor chip was integrated with a printed circuit board, data acquisition device, and measurement-controlling software. The packaged sensor chip functioned well in the presence of cell medium and cells, with output voltages depending on the

• due to mechanical disturbance caused by the procedure. Biocompatibility of the LTCC package The earlier reported [23] biocompatibility of the LTCC package to cell culture was also confirmed here for the new LTCC material by growing BEAS2B cells on a dummy chip and on the surrounding LTCC. The

• integration of microfluidics into the package was demonstrated. Normal cell morphology on packaged dummy chips demonstrated the feasibility of using the LTCC package for cell culture; no cytotoxicity was observed. Furthermore, it was possible to obtain sensor measurements in real time. The capacitance varied

Chitosan-based nanoparticles for improved anticancer efficacy and bioavailability of mifepristone

• Huijuan Zhang,
• Fuqiang Wu,
• Yazhen Li,
• Xiping Yang,
• Jiamei Huang,
• Tingting Lv,
• Yingying Zhang,
• Jianzhong Chen,
• Haijun Chen,
• Yu Gao,
• Guannan Liu and
• Lee Jia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1861–1870, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.178

• cell culture A549 human lung cancer cells, human epithelial carcinoma Hela cells, human endometrial carcinoma RL95-2 cells, and human hepatocellular liver carcinoma HepG2 cells were purchased from Type Culture Collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). A549 and Hela was grown in