Size limits of magnetic-domain engineering in continuous in-plane exchange-bias prototype films

• Alexander Gaul,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Timo Ueltzhöffer,
• Henning Huckfeldt,
• Hatice Doğanay,
• Johanna Hackl,
• Muhammad Imtiaz Khan,
• Daniel M. Gottlob,
• Gregor Hartmann,
• André Beyer,
• Dennis Holzinger,
• Slavomír Nemšák,
• Claus M. Schneider,
• Armin Gölzhäuser,
• Günter Reiss and
• Arno Ehresmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2968–2979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.276

• by MFM (Figure 1). For = 0°, the hh and tt domain configuration leads to a maximization of the monopolar charge density within the DW. To reduce the stray-field energy, the DW core spreads into the adjacent domains. Substructures visible in Figure 1a close to the DW center originate from the high

• charge density in the domain wall center, causing a widening of the latter [44]. The DW spreads wider into the bombarded areas than into the non-bombarded areas, resulting in asymmetric DWs. This is caused by the reduced effective magnetic anisotropy within the bombarded regions correlated to the nuclear

• magnetic charge density minimizing the stray-field energy. These ripple structures are responsible for the significant spatial broadening of the experimentally observed charge profile when compared to the simulations. The shape of the smallest stable quadratic domain (d = 2 μm) also appears distorted in

Investigation of CVD graphene as-grown on Cu foil using simultaneous scanning tunneling/atomic force microscopy

• Majid Fazeli Jadidi,
• Umut Kamber,
• Oğuzhan Gürlü and
• H. Özgür Özer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2953–2959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.274

• complicated as it could be interpreted as a map of the local charge density of states of the surface at the Fermi level [6]. Therefore, depending on tip type and its electronic charge state, different relative contrasts of the atoms on the surface, including even reversal of contrast, are obtained in STM

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• -1-oxyl-mediated (or TEMPO-mediated) [137], and citric/hydrochloric acid hydrolysis [135] are used to increase the anionic charge density or provide cationic charges to the nanocellulose, which has diversified the application of nanocellulose. For example, the modification of nanocellulose to produce

Nanotribology

• Enrico Gnecco,
• Susan Perkin,
• Andrea Vanossi and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2330–2331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.217

• “Understanding and Controlling Nano and Mesoscale Friction”, which ran from 2013 to 2017. Here the covered topics include but are not limited to controlled manipulation of nanoparticles, optically trapped colloidal and ionic systems, superlubricity of graphene, sliding friction of organic molecules, charge

• density waves, and perspectives of tuning friction using photo-assisted reactions. Hopefully, new ideas and further research work will be stimulated from this Thematic Series, which could not have come to light without the contributions of all authors and the constant support from the Beilstein-Institut

Interaction-induced zero-energy pinning and quantum dot formation in Majorana nanowires

• Samuel D. Escribano,
• Alfredo Levy Yeyati and
• Elsa Prada

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.203

• ). Our aim is to solve this equation together with the Bogoliubov–de Gennes equation for determining self-consistently the charge density ρ(x) along the nanowire. For this purpose we derive a generalized method of image charges that allows us to calculate the induced potential under rather general

• charges that emerge in the electrostatic environment. We compute the electrostatic potential using Poisson’s equation where is the non-homogeneous dielectrical permittivity of the entire system and is the quantum and thermal average of the charge density of the nanowire obtained with Equation 1. The

• interfaces. Then, assuming that the charge density in the nanowire is located along its symmetry axis (x-axis), we obtain the electrostatic potential using the method of image charges, as explained in detail in Section 1 of Supporting Information File 1. More precisely, is given by where Vb(x,x′) is a

A scanning probe microscopy study of nanostructured TiO₂/poly(3-hexylthiophene) hybrid heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications

• Laurie Letertre,
• Roland Roche,
• Olivier Douhéret,
• Hailu G. Kassa,
• Denis Mariolle,
• Nicolas Chevalier,
• Łukasz Borowik,
• Philippe Dumas,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Roberto Lazzaroni and
• Philippe Leclère

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2087–2096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.197

• covalent bonding between P3HT-COOH and TiO2 creates a dipole at the interface induced by: (i) the hybridization of the electronic orbitals of the two components, leading to a rearrangement of the charge density at the interface and (ii) the addition of a net dipole intrinsic to the P3HT-COOH molecule

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• voltage and/or the distance [188][189][190][191][192]. An example of particular interest is that of charge-density waves (CDW) where a superstructure is formed by a charge redistribution. Langer et al. have observed that the damping coefficient can be drastically changed on NbSe2, when the probing tip is

• locally disturbing the charge density waves [188] (Figure 7). At a certain threshold, the CDW shows a phase slip, which then leads to dissipation. Another example where non-contact friction can be influenced by external parameters are the measurements of superconductors across the critical temperature

Free-radical gases on two-dimensional transition-metal disulfides (XS₂, X = Mo/W): robust half-metallicity for efficient nitrogen oxide sensors

• Chunmei Zhang,
• Yalong Jiao,
• Fengxian Ma,
• Sri Kasi Matta,
• Steven Bottle and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1641–1646, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.156

• force are converged to 10−6 eV and 0.001 eV/Å, respectively. The calculations on band structures and charge density are undertaken with an energy cut-off of 500 eV for the plane-wave expansion and Monkhorst–Pack k-point meshes of 3 × 3 × 1 in the whole Brillouin zone. The adsorption energy (binding

• ) nanosheet to the physically adsorbed gas molecules. With the calculated favorable configuration, we compute the corresponding magnetic charge density, total density of state (TDOS) as well as PDOS (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1) for pristine 2D XS2 (X = Mo, W) and 2D XS2 (X = Mo, W) with adsorbed

Interaction-tailored organization of large-area colloidal assemblies

• Silvia Rizzato,
• Elisabetta Primiceri,
• Anna Grazia Monteduro,
• Adriano Colombelli,
• Angelo Leo,
• Maria Grazia Manera,
• Roberto Rella and
• Giuseppe Maruccio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1582–1593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.150

• latex with surface charge density 1.2 µC/cm2 and concentration 8% w/v) and 500 ± 50 nm (non-functionalized Polybeads® – microspheres containing a slight anionic charge from sulfate ester, concentration 2.5% w/v) were respectively purchased from Invitrogen and Polyscience, Inc. Poly

Cathodoluminescence as a probe of the optical properties of resonant apertures in a metallic film

• Kalpana Singh,
• Evgeniy Panchenko,
• Babak Nasr,
• Amelia Liu,
• Lukas Wesemann,
• Timothy J. Davis and
• Ann Roberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.140

• of the gold film is shown in (a), while (b) shows the vertical component of the electric field in a vertical plane with reference to the geometry shown in (a). The (instantaneous) surface charge density on the metal boundary at a wavelength of (c) 580 nm and (d) 690 nm is also shown. Simulated power

Andreev spectrum and supercurrents in nanowire-based SNS junctions containing Majorana bound states

• Jorge Cayao,
• Annica M. Black-Schaffer,
• Elsa Prada and
• Ramón Aguado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1339–1357, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.127

• very small values, affecting the topological protection of the MBSs. To complement this introductory part, calculations of the wavefunctions and charge density associated with the lowest levels of the topological superconducting nanowire spectrum are presented in the Supporting Information File 1

Artifacts in time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Sascha Sadewasser,
• Nicoleta Nicoara and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1272–1281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.119

• function [3][4][5]. (ii) The CPD can reflect spatial variations in the charge density [6][7][8], individual localized charges [9], or even partial charge densities within a single molecule [10][11]. Finally, (iii) doping type and charge-carrier concentration in semiconductors will control the position of

Electro-optical interfacial effects on a graphene/π-conjugated organic semiconductor hybrid system

• Karolline A. S. Araujo,
• Luiz A. Cury,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Thales F. D. Fernandes,
• Luiz G. Cançado and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 963–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.90

• -doped graphene. The most stable structure α (Figure 2) leads to a charge density of 1.10 × 1013 cm−2 (1.17 × 1013 cm−2) which was estimated via Mulliken population analysis (Hirshfeld method) [19][20][21]. Retinoic acid is a well-known dye molecule with potential applications in solar cells [22][23][24

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• [10][11]. SPR of Au NPs strongly depends upon the Au–ZnO matrix interface, as well as the dielectric properties of the surrounding ZnO matrix [12][13]. (ii) The AuNPs possibly deplete more carriers near the ZnO surface, which increases the charge density of ZnO and leads to enhanced interaction with

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• condition results in the rearrangement of the charge density and builds an opposing electric field within the noble metal NPs. This further leads to the establishment of a coulombic restoring force and the noble metal NP electrons then experience harmonic oscillation [1][5][13][14]. These oscillating

• of semiconductors could increase the free-charge density and promote the LSPR arising from collective oscillations of excess free charges on semiconductor surface, thus enhancing the NIR absorption abilities [141][142]. Interestingly, Cu2–xSe nanocrystals (NCs) showed distinct NIR plasmon band due to

Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles

• Agata Siarkowska,
• Miłosz Chychłowski,
• Daniel Budaszewski,
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Tomasz R. Woliński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2790–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.278

• would be negligible due to the size of the Au NP dopants (about 6 nm) as well as their distribution in microcapillaries of the PCF. However, the reported noticeable ionization was for NPs of size larger than 50 nm, where there could be an increased charge density at the surface of the NPs, affecting the

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• transferred to various solid substrates [100]. In a similar study, the exchange of citrate ligands by thioglycolic acid (Figure 2) allowed the authors to reduce the surface charge density, manipulate Coulomb repulsion between the particles, and initiate agglomeration in solution. Appropriate particle charges

Au₅₅, a stable glassy cluster: results of ab initio calculations

• Dieter Vollath,
• David Holec and
• Franz Dieter Fischer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2221–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.222

• the atoms leads to an increased surface energy for smaller particles. Holec et al. [25] suggested resolving this situation by defining the cluster surface area as a convex hull of an electronic charge density higher than a certain constant “cut-off” value. The surface area a per cluster as a function

• of the “cut-off” charge density q is depicted in Figure 7. Approximating the cluster with a sphere of equal surface allows for calculating the cluster radius r as a function of the “cut-off” charge density. This is displayed in Figure 8. Using the density of bulk gold (ρ = 1.933 × 104 kg·m−3) as a

• . Both values are marked in Figure 8. The dependence of the cluster radius on the logarithm of the cut-off charge density q is linear: In Equation 6, the cluster radius rAu55 is given in meters and the cut-off charge density q in e·nm−3. This relation describes the dependency of the cluster radius on the

Effect of the fluorination technique on the surface-fluorination patterning of double-walled carbon nanotubes

• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Emmanuel Flahaut,
• Jérémy Rio,
• Christopher P. Ewels,
• Victor O. Koroteev,
• Gregory Van Lier,
• Denis V. Vyalikh and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1688–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.169

• with the graphene surface was studied using the DFT code AIMPRO [57][58][59] by fitting the charge density to plane waves with an energy cutoff of 300 Ha. Relativistic pseudopotentials generated by Hartwigsen, Goedecker and Hutter [60] were used. Correspondingly, 38, 44, and 28 independent Gaussian

The effect of the electrical double layer on hydrodynamic lubrication: a non-monotonic trend with increasing zeta potential

• Dalei Jing,
• Yunlu Pan and
• Xiaoming Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1515–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.152

• conduction current, Iw is the sliding-wall-induced current, ρe = ce(n+−n−) is the local net ionic charge density within the EDL, λave is the average bulk electrical conductivity of the lubricant, λs is the surface electrical conductivity of the lubricant that is neglected here, and σ = −εε0(dφ/dz)z=0 is the

• surface charge density at the lower bearing surface. Based on the zero net current in the steady state, the electrical field strength Ex can be given as, Based on the previous studies, the bulk electrical conductivity of the lubricant under the influence of the EDL increases with the increasing absolute

• absolute value of the zeta potential. That is, the electrical potential shows a faster reduction. The mechanism for this phenomenon is described as follows. For the case of the zeta potential with a larger absolute value, there is a larger surface charge density at the bearing surface–lubricant interface

Two-dimensional silicon and carbon monochalcogenides with the structure of phosphorene

• Dario Rocca,
• Ali Abboud,
• Ganapathy Vaitheeswaran and
• Sébastien Lebègue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1338–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.135

• concerning effective masses. To better understand the ionic character of the bonds involved in the new materials we have carried out an analysis of the PBE charge density based on the theory of Bader [37] as implemented by Henkelman et al. [38]. Since silicon has a low electronegativity we found that this

CVD transfer-free graphene for sensing applications

• Chiara Schiattarella,
• Sten Vollebregt,
• Tiziana Polichetti,
• Brigida Alfano,
• Ettore Massera,
• Maria Lucia Miglietta,
• Girolamo Di Francia and
• Pasqualina Maria Sarro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1015–1022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.102

• analyte molecules, they have been assimilated as punctual impurities in the crystal lattice. Herein the Maxwell–Boltzmann approximation for the statistical description of charge carriers can be justified by virtue of the semi-classical regime of the system, with low induced charge density, of the order of

Near-field surface plasmon field enhancement induced by rippled surfaces

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Francesco Fuso,
• Ruggero Micheletto,
• Makoto Naruse,
• Francesco Tantussi and
• Maria Allegrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.97

• ., it is ruled by the geometrical anisotropy. We can say that the applied polarization of the electric field drives the plasmon resonance to be a geometrical polarization. Since the hot spots are strongly dependent on the charge density fluctuations due to rippled surfaces, the effect of the incident

• field enhancement. This is clearly a nonlinear effect where the surface geometry is able to confine charge on the walls of a single gap, simultaneously depleting the charge density from the surrounding gaps. Such a nonlinear effect is depicted in Figure 4. We consider a profile extracted from a rippled

Graphene functionalised by laser-ablated V₂O₅ for a highly sensitive NH₃ sensor

• Margus Kodu,
• Artjom Berholts,
• Tauno Kahro,
• Mati Kook,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Helina Seemen,
• Tea Avarmaa,
• Harry Alles and
• Raivo Jaaniso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 571–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.61

• chemical bonding in platinum–graphene systems were observed when Pt nanoclusters were chemically bonded to point defects of graphene sheets. Furthermore, the adsorption of an O2 molecule onto a platinum nanocluster which was chemically bound to graphene resulted in a large influence on the charge density

Template-controlled piezoactivity of ZnO thin films grown via a bioinspired approach

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Fabian Streb,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Zaklina Burghard and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 296–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.32

• of tobacco mosaic viruses) on the mineralization processes of ZnO films has been investigated and an extraordinary high degree of orientation was observed. In this study, we elucidate the influence of the negative charge density of two non-piezoelectric templates on the deposition of ZnO films from

• templates. The negative surface charge of the sulfonate-functional groups of the PEL (−115 mV [40]) is high enough to homogeneously attract the dipolar ZnO particles from solution. The result is a closed film even at low numbers of deposition cycles. In contrast, the negative charge density of the