Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• the oxygen functional group of GO, leading to the formation of Zn–O–C bonds. During the reaction, sections of graphene detach from the GO through a layer-by-layer chemical peel-off process (chemical exfoliation) and partially encircle the ZnO NPs. The quasi-core–shell structure of the hybrid was

Self-assembly of silicon nanowires studied by advanced transmission electron microscopy

• Marta Agati,
• Guillaume Amiard,
• Vincent Le Borgne,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Richard Dolbec,
• Maurizio De Crescenzi,
• My Alì El Khakani and
• Simona Boninelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 440–445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.47

• of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) that were self-assembled during an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) process. The ICP-synthesized SiNWs were found to present a Si–SiO2 core–shell structure and length varying from ≈100 nm to 2–3 μm. The shorter SiNWs (maximum length ≈300 nm) were generally found to

• Visualiser Kai software was used for visualization. (a) Typical SEM image showing the morphology of the as-collected sample; EFTEM images obtained at (b) the Si plasmon loss (17 eV) and (c) the SiO2 plasmon loss (23 eV), revealing the Si–SiO2 core–shell structure and the structural continuity between the Si

Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for lithium–sulfur batteries: distribution of sulfur and electrochemical performance

• Anika C. Juhl,
• Artur Schneider,
• Boris Ufer,
• Torsten Brezesinski,
• Jürgen Janek and
• Michael Fröba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1229–1240, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.114

• mg·cm−2 was investigated. Results and Discussion Silica template and hollow carbon spheres Hollow carbon spheres with a mesoporous shell were obtained by impregnation of silica spheres with a core–shell structure with phenol and formaldehyde (first step in Figure 1). Carbonization under inert atmosphere

Development of highly faceted reduced graphene oxide-coated copper oxide and copper nanoparticles on a copper foil surface

• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• Yasuhiro Matsumoto,
• Andrés M. Espinoza-Rivas,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán and
• Mauricio Ortega-López

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1010–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.93

• Figure 5a it is seen that the chemical composition of the particle mostly comprises copper and carbon, so corroborating the core–shell structure for faceted Cu-rGO nanoparticle. It is seen that oxygen is also present at low levels because of the partial removal of oxygenated groups from the graphene

Silica-coated upconversion lanthanide nanoparticles: The effect of crystal design on morphology, structure and optical properties

• Uliana Kostiv,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Hana Macková,
• Alexander Zhigunov,
• Hana Engstová,
• Katarína Smolková,
• Petr Ježek and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2290–2299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.235

• . Compared with the initial 10 nm OM–NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles, the TEM micrograph (Figure 9) showed that the size of the NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+&SiO2 particles had increased to 17 nm due to the presence of the silica shell on the surface. The NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+&SiO2 nanoparticles had a clear core–shell structure

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• effect with respect to the exchange of TMC for chitosan: The TMC-coated nanoparticles exhibited a smaller diameter as compared to the chitosan-coated nanoparticles. No significant nanoparticle agglomeration was observed upon introduction of the polymers. The core–shell structure of the TMC/Fe3O4

Thermal treatment of magnetite nanoparticles

• Beata Kalska-Szostko,
• Urszula Wykowska,
• Dariusz Satula and
• Per Nordblad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1385–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.143

• and crystallinity, which in turn, was reflected in their thermal durability. The particles were obtained by coprecipitation from Fe chlorides and decomposition of an Fe(acac)3 complex with and without a core–shell structure. Three types of ferrite nanoparticles were produced and their thermal

The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubes

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Ryusuke Nakamura and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1348–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.139

• ], copyright 2004 American Association for the Advancement of Science. A scheme describing the Kirkendall-induced hollowing process of nanospheres consisting of a core/shell structure. (a) Generation of small Kirkendall voids along the core/shell interface and (b) surface migration of atoms along the bridges

Addition of Zn during the phosphine-based synthesis of indium phospide quantum dots: doping and surface passivation

• Natalia E. Mordvinova,
• Alexander A. Vinokurov,
• Oleg I. Lebedev,
• Tatiana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1237–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.127

• . In the low-magnification HAADF-STEM image (Figure 4a), the size of the QDs is close to that of the bright-field TEM images (Figure 3). However, upon close inspection using high resolution HAADF-STEM (Figure 4b–g), the core–shell structure of Zn/InP QDs can be clearly distinguished and confirmed. The

• particles in Figure 4b–g definitely exhibit a core–shell structure with a core diameter approximately about 2 nm, with mainly {111}-type surface facets (Figure 4b,d,f). The shape of the majority of the NPs is almost spherical. However, some of the NPs exhibit an elongated shape (Figure 4e,g). The core of

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles

• Simon Ristig,
• Svitlana Chernousova,
• Wolfgang Meyer-Zaika and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1212–1220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.124

• obtained from the standard synthesis protocol are shown. The trend is almost linear, suggesting a good homogeneity of the alloyed metals, although some gradient in the composition within the nanoparticle cannot be ruled out. However, a core–shell structure with distinct, separate silver and gold regions

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Structure and mechanism of the formation of core–shell nanoparticles obtained through a one-step gas-phase synthesis by electron beam evaporation

• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Sergey P. Bardakhanov,
• Makoto Schreiber,
• Dashima G. Bazarova,
• Nikolai A. Romanov,
• Boris B. Baldanov,
• Bair R. Radnaev and
• Viacheslav V. Syzrantsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 874–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.89

• Ag compared to Si. The ratio of Si to Ag was also varied and core–shell particles only formed with higher Si to Ag ratios; supporting the need for sufficient Si in the vapour phase for core–shell structure formation. The carrier gas flow rate was varied as well but mainly affected the particle sizes

• between the systems, in general, the main factors causing core–shell structure formation are the relative vapour concentration of the materials, surface tension differences, and differences in melting temperature of the component materials. Besides changing the precursor materials, the main experimental

Simple approach for the fabrication of PEDOT-coated Si nanowires

• Mingxuan Zhu,
• Marielle Eyraud,
• Judikael Le Rouzo,
• Nadia Ait Ahmed,
• Florence Boulc’h,
• Claude Alfonso,
• Philippe Knauth and
• François Flory

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 640–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.65

• . An extremely large shunt resistance was exhibited and determined to be related to the diffusion conditions occurring during polymerization. Keywords: conductive polymer; core–shell structure; electrodeposition; hybrid material; SiNW; Introduction Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are a current, active

• visible spectrum can be achieved for SiNWs [8]. As far as the device fabrication is concerned, a core–shell arrangement of p–n junction forming materials is promising for the optimization of the electronic charge collection capability. This is due to the nature of the core–shell structure, which allows

• and 50 s. The addition of IPA was used to reduce the tapering rate [29]. Core–shell structure realization The PEDOT deposition was conducted in an electrochemical cell with a three-electrode configuration. The reference electrode was Ag/AgCl and the counter electrode was a platinum plate. All the

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• NPs by using the seed growth method. These NPs were then reacted with TEOS and N-1-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-N-fluoresceylthiourea to form the shell structure attached to FITC. The TEM micrographs showed that the core–shell structure for the NPs with an average size of 50 nm with a 10 nm core. It was

Influence of size, shape and core–shell interface on surface plasmon resonance in Ag and Ag@MgO nanoparticle films deposited on Si/SiO_x

• Sergio D’Addato,
• Daniele Pinotti,
• Maria Chiara Spadaro,
• Guido Paolicelli,
• Vincenzo Grillo,
• Sergio Valeri,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Luca Bergamini and
• Stefano Corni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 404–413, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.40

• , resulting in a core–shell structure with independently controlled core size and shell thickness [19][23][24]. This method was also used to produce a non-native oxide shell and to study the evolution of the physical properties of the NP assemblies with increasing shell thickness, owing to a configuration

The impact of the confinement of reactants on the metal distribution in bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized in reverse micelles

• Concha Tojo,
• Elena González and
• Nuria Vila-Romeu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1966–1979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.206

• within a nanoparticle can be observed in Figure 1, which shows the structures obtained by the simulation. When the quantities of the metal salts are equal (see Figure 1a, 50% Au), the nanoparticle shows a core–shell structure due to the difference in reduction rates (vAu = 10∙vPt). Most particles have a

• homogeneous and composed of Au. From the maximum, Pt and the remaining Au are deposited on the core, giving rise to the middle mixed layers. In this case, a pure Pt shell is formed when the Au is exhausted. This is the case shown in Figure 3b, which corresponds to the core–shell structure obtained using 50

• explain the modifications in metal segregation. Due to the difference in the reduction rates, 50% Au gives rise to the typical core–shell structure. As % Au is increased, the quantity of Pt available to form the shell diminishes, and the Pt-enrichment in the shell progresively disappears. When the % Pt is

Room temperature, ppb-level NO₂ gas sensing of multiple-networked ZnSe nanowire sensors under UV illumination

• Sunghoon Park,
• Soohyun Kim,
• Wan In Lee,
• Kyoung-Kook Kim and
• Chongmu Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1836–1841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.194

• catalysts, core–shell structure formation [19][20][21] and UV irradiation [22][23][24] have been developed to improve the sensing performance, detection limit and selectivity of 1D nanostructure sensors at room temperature. Among these techniques, the UV illumination method was used in the present study to

On the structure of grain/interphase boundaries and interfaces

• K. Anantha Padmanabhan and
• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1603–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.172

• ferromagnetism in Fe90Sc10 nano-glasses, which in the melt-spun and crystalline states is paramagnetic [15]. In fact even as-prepared nano-glassy powders of metallic materials do not have a core–shell structure (not more than a monolayer in any case) and exhibit a Mössbauer spectrum similar to that of the melt

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to aromatic hydrocarbons by using an iron/iron oxide nanocatalyst

• Hongwang Wang,
• Jim Hodgson,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Xiaorong Wu,
• Myles Ikenberry,
• Deryl L. Troyer,
• Donghai Wang,
• Keith L. Hohn and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 760–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.88

• /Fe3O4 nanoparticles are roughly spherical with a core/shell structure (Figure 2). The mean core diameter is 12 nm, and the shell thickness is 2 nm. HRTEM indicate that each Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticle assumes polycrystalline structure with rigid edges. TEM images (Figure 3) of recycled catalyst after 10 runs

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag–ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• Vandana Choudhary,
• Biswarup Satpati and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 639–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.75

• summarized as follows [29][30] and are schematically illustrated in Figure 8. Yin et al. [41] prepared nanocomposites with Ag nanoparticle decorated ZnO nanorods with a core–shell structure by seed-mediated method. They have shown that Ag–ZnO is a better photocatalyst than ZnO because, firstly, the

Dye-sensitized Pt@TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for the efficient photocatalytic generation of hydrogen

• Jun Fang,
• Lisha Yin,
• Shaowen Cao,
• Yusen Liao and
• Can Xue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 360–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.41

• shown in Figure 4, after the individual irradiation with light A (550 ± 20 nm) or light B (400 ± 10 nm) for 2 h, the ErB-sensitized Pt@TiO2 core–shell structure showed generated H2 amounts of 4.5 μmol and 5.3 μmol, respectively. However, when light A and light B are used simultaneously, to our surprise

• , the 2 h irradiation led to a H2 amount of 15.9 μmol, which is significantly higher than the sum of the two generated H2 amounts under individual irradiation of light A and B (9.8 μmol). This observation suggests that in the ErB-sensitized Pt@TiO2 core–shell structure, a synergic effect exists between

• generation amount under individual irradiation of light A and B (7.2 μmol). This indicates that the synergic effect may also exist in the Pt-loaded TiO2 particles, but with a less significant role as compared to the Pt@TiO2 core–shell structure. This may be because the post-loaded Pt nanoparticles are

Photovoltaic properties of ZnO nanorods/p-type Si heterojunction structures

• Rafal Pietruszka,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Grzegorz Luka,
• Lukasz Wachnicki,
• Sylwia Gieraltowska,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Piotr Bieganski,
• Ewa Placzek-Popko and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 173–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.17

• not only nanorods but also fill in the gaps between them (Figure 4). Samples A and B show a core-shell structure with the zinc oxide nanorod being the core and the AZO layer being the shell. For closely packed nanorods (sample C) the AZO film is grown only on the top of the nanorods. However, we also

A facile synthesis of a carbon-encapsulated Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite and its performance as anode in lithium-ion batteries

• Raju Prakash,
• Katharina Fanselau,
• Shuhua Ren,
• Tapan Kumar Mandal,
• Christian Kübel,
• Horst Hahn and
• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 699–704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.79

• longer tubes, the particles were embedded in several places within the tube. TEM images of the nanogranular region of the composite confirmed the presence of a core–shell structure, containing Fe3O4 cores and graphitic onions shells. The interface between graphitic carbon and Fe3O4 with short-range