Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• also influence the catalytic property of the materials since these EEG samples are derived from bulk graphite using a single-step exfoliation in different electrolytes. The BET isotherms of the EEG samples are shown in Figure 1b. The shape of the nitrogen adsorption and desorption curves displays a

• graphene and less (0.028 mA) for less functionalized (G-M4) graphene, which displays higher peroxide formation in G-M1. Hence G-M1 shows higher O2 reduction current and higher peroxide oxidation than the others because the oxygen functionalities possess selective activity towards ORR, which is in line with

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• MB for the subsequent experiments. Results and Discussion Figure 1a displays the XRD spectra of the samples. The main peaks with 2θ values of 32.51°, 35.54°, 38.71°, 48.72°, 53.49°, 58.26°, 61.52°, 66.22°, 68.12°, 72.37°, and 75.24° matched well with those of monoclinic CuO (JCPDS 48-1548). As for

Implementation of data-cube pump–probe KPFM on organic solar cells

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Olivier Bardagot and
• Renaud Demadrille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 323–337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.24

• approximately displays a logarithmic dependence on the illumination intensity (Figure 5b), with a slope equal to ca. 1.5 kBT∙q−1 (kB: Boltzmann constant, q: electron charge). This suggests that trap-delayed processes constitute a significant pathway for photocarrier recombination in this sample [31]. These

• acquired with this sequence at different points on the surface highlighted by a square and a circle in the related spectroscopic images. Figure 9b displays the spectroscopic image of the compensation potential for a delay Δt = 300 µs, which falls within the light pulse. The contrast and the potential

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• as the pitch (red) and the resin (green) graphitized at 3000 °C. The sponge-like monolithic structure is retained even at high temperature. The resin-derived carbon monolith displays thicker macropore walls and a less homogenous macropore space, while the macroporosity of the pitch-based carbon

• displays the acquired SANS data of the monolithic carbon materials in an empty state and filled with a maximum load of DPX. The SANS intensity arises due to the contrast of the neutron scattering length density between the carbon matter and the pores and/or voids. DPX and carbon possess almost identical

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• device is a combination of the Faradaic pseudocapacitance and the capacitance of the EDLC [46]. The shape of the CV curve displays the characteristics of hybrid ASCs, and there is no obvious distortion with increasing scanning rate. This indicates a reliable behavior of the capacitance of the ASC device

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• displays that the thermal conductivity of HDPE/G3 nanocomposites slightly decreased up to 1.84 vol % GnPs loading. The explanation is that G3 tended to aggregate, resulting in a decreased contact area between HDPE and G3, as mentioned by Huang and co-workers [5]. Subsequently, the enhancement of the

Nanosecond resistive switching in Ag/AgI/PtIr nanojunctions

• Botond Sánta,
• Dániel Molnár,
• Patrick Haiber,
• Agnes Gubicza,
• Edit Szilágyi,
• Zsolt Zolnai,
• András Halbritter and
• Miklós Csontos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 92–100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.9

• oscilloscope and the pulse generators). However, the routes of the reflected and transmitted waves towards CH1 and CH2 suffer from exactly the same attenuation. Therefore the ratio measured at the oscilloscope is the same as Equation 3, which is evaluated next to the junction. Figure 4d displays when the

A review of demodulation techniques for multifrequency atomic force microscopy

• David M. Harcombe,
• Michael G. Ruppert and
• Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 76–91, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.8

• implementation. The zoom-box displays the functional block diagram of a single lock-in amplifier. Functional block diagram of the multifrequency coherent demodulator implementation. The zoom-box displays the functional block diagram of a single coherent demodulator. Functional block diagram of the Kalman filter

• implementation. Functional block diagram of the multifrequency Lyapunov filter implementation. The zoom-box displays the functional block diagram of a single Lyapunov filter. Functional block diagram of the multifrequency direct-design filter implementation. The zoom-box displays the functional block diagram of

Plasmonic nanosensor based on multiple independently tunable Fano resonances

• Lin Cheng,
• Zelong Wang,
• Xiaodong He and
• Pengfei Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2527–2537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.243

• sensitivity and FOM. Although, the FOM value is less than the outstanding values in previous reports, it is worth noting that our structure has the best independent tunability among the structures. It is worth noting that this structure not only displays excellent performance in refractive index sensing, but

Multiple Fano resonances with flexible tunablity based on symmetry-breaking resonators

• Xiao bin Ren,
• Kun Ren,
• Ying Zhang,
• Cheng guo Ming and
• Qun Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2459–2467, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.236

• symmetry-breaking on the Fano resonance. The symmetry-breaking is introduced by deviating center points O and O′. When the deviation distance d is greater than 0, a regular ring becomes an off-centered ring. Figure 5a displays the transmission spectra at d = 80 nm with varying angle ϕ. When ϕ is rotated

Polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive for perovskite solar cells with water and isopropanol as solvents

• Chen Du,
• Shuo Wang,
• Xu Miao,
• Wenhai Sun,
• Yu Zhu,
• Chengyan Wang and
• Ruixin Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.228

• comparison to the film without PVP, the film with added PVP displays a better capability of absorption in the visible-light range, which is due to PVP triggering a slight red shift in the absorption edge. This is attributed to a smaller number of defects and possibly less reflection [37]. To explore the

Multiwalled carbon nanotube based aromatic volatile organic compound sensor: sensitivity enhancement through 1-hexadecanethiol functionalisation

• Nadra Bohli,
• Meryem Belkilani,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2364–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.227

• mechanically moved from the substrate onto a TEM Cu-grid for conducting TEM analysis. Figure 2 displays HRTEM images at a magnification of (a) 300 K, (b) 600 K and (c) 400 K. The HRTEM analysis indicates an average gold nanoparticle size of 2 nm. We clearly see in Figure 2b a fairly homogeneous Au nanoparticle

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• , The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK 10.3762/bjnano.10.222 Abstract Mucoadhesive nanostructured systems comprising poloxamer 407 and Carbopol 974P® have already demonstrated good mucoadhesion, as well as improved mechanical and rheological properties. Curcumin displays excellent biological

• hexagonal core with ordered structure, which enable the solubilization of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Moreover, C974P is an acrylic-acid derivative, highly cross-linked, hydrophilic, and displays mucoadhesive properties [1]. In this sense, an increase in temperature promotes the

• located at 427 nm and is due to the aromatic rings of hydroxyl groups and ether [86]. The polymer blend 15/0.25 demonstrated a large band that varies from 250 to 350 nm, with peaks at 250 to 295 nm. On the other hand, the blend 15/0.25/0.08 displays variation from 250 to 500 nm with peaks at 250, 295, 315

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• performance of the ASC was evaluated at a large current density of 10 A·g−1 shown in Figure 4f. The ASC displays excellent cycling stability with about 65% of the initial specific capacitance even after 2000 cycles. Figure 4g shows the energy density as a function of the power density (Ragone plot) of the as

Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity

• Sebastian Pieper,
• Hannah Onafuye,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Martin Michaelis and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201

• cells, when compared to free doxorubicin in solution [26][27][28][29][30][31]. The doxorubicin-adapted UKF-NB-3 sub-line UKF-NB-3rDOX20 is characterised by high ABCB1 expression [54]. In addition, the vincristine-resistant UKF-NB-3 sub-line UKF-NB-3rVCR1 displays cross-resistance to doxorubicin and

Facile synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported NiO//Fe₂O₃ for all-solid-state supercapacitors

• Shengming Zhang,
• Xuhui Wang,
• Yan Li,
• Xuemei Mu,
• Yaxiong Zhang,
• Jingwei Du,
• Guo Liu,
• Xiaohui Hua,
• Yingzhuo Sheng,
• Erqing Xie and
• Zhenxing Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1923–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.188

• , the optimal voltage window is chosen to be 1.6 V in subsequent tests. CV curves of the ASC at different scan rates are presented in Figure 8b. The CV curves are quasi-rectangular, revealing that the ASC displays a superior electrochemical performance, which mainly originates from the deliberately

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• C60@MUV-2 corresponds to the electron-rich TTF unit (Figure 6a). The highest occupied crystal orbital (HOCO) displays the typical shape of the TTF HOMO and confirms the TTF-nature of the VBM (Figure 6b). In the α-channel, the conduction band minimum (CBM) is described by the fullerene moiety, being

• photoinduced CT process of C60@MUV-2. Figure 8 displays the simulated absorption spectra predicted for the cluster C60@TTFTB system in the most stable arrangement B, the TTFTB ligand, and the fullerene guest (the triplet excitation energies are indicated). The high-energy region (below 400 nm) of the

Processing nanoporous organic polymers in liquid amines

• Jeehye Byun,
• Damien Thirion and
• Cafer T. Yavuz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1844–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.179

• at 40 °C. (b) Thermogravimetric analysis of COP-100 and COP-100-Film under N2 atmosphere. Inset displays a photograph of the carbonized COP-100-Film. Supporting Information Synthetic details and methods. A TEM image and a photograph of dissolved polymers in liquid amines. A schematic illustration of

TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• of as-dealloyed TiO2 is featureless due to its amorphous nature [36], and the GO alone shows the typical D- and G-bands at ≈1350 cm−1 and 1592 cm−1. Meanwhile, the composite displays the spectral characteristics of GO with two distinct peaks at ≈1343 cm−1 and 1580 cm−1. The slight shift in the

• . Therefore, the as-prepared TiO2/GO composite is expected to exhibit enhanced conductivity and render excellent rate performance [40]. Figure 4 displays the SEM images of the pristine and TiO2/GO-coated separator. The pristine separator shows abundant pores with an average diameter of 100 nm (Figure 4a

Development of a new hybrid approach combining AFM and SEM for the nanoparticle dimensional metrology

• Loïc Crouzier,
• Alexandra Delvallée,
• Sébastien Ducourtieux,
• Laurent Devoille,
• Guillaume Noircler,
• Christian Ulysse,
• Olivier Taché,
• Elodie Barruet,
• Christophe Tromas and
• Nicolas Feltin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1523–1536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.150

• in Figure 5 in three graphs showing DSEM, DFmin and DFmax as a function of the AFM height, HAFM. This figure displays that the size of various NP populations (for a total of 1050 NPs) ranges from 10 to 110 nm. The curve y = x was added to highlight the eventual discrepancies between AFM and both SEM

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

• Pei Wang,
• Katarzyna Kulp and
• Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

• discovery in 1991 [1] due to their high electrical conductivity, large surface area, good chemical stability, high mechanical strength and high aspect ratio and are considered as promising materials for diverse applications such as field emission displays, energy storage devices, sensors, and so on [2][3][4

• nearly uniformly grown on the surface of GC with a diameter of approximately 40–80 nm. Accordingly, the optical image (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2g) displays a matt black thin layer at those areas of the GC chips that were covered with Fe particles. However, no CNT growth was observed with a

• should be mentioned that N-CNT/N-CNT/GC displays no redox peak attributed to oxygen-containing functional groups since Fe was electrochemically leached out in H2SO4 and not chemically in concentrated HNO3 for the sake of follow-up studies not presented here. Additionally, CNT/CNT/GC is hydrophobic, while

Energy distribution in an ensemble of nanoparticles and its consequences

• Dieter Vollath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1452–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.143

• . Therefore, the description of fluctuations has to be expanded. This necessary extension is demonstrated using as an example of melting gold particles at different particle sizes. Figure 1 displays the free enthalpy of the solid and the liquid phase of a 2 nm gold particle in the vicinity of the melting

• bulk values were selected [4]. The probability F(Te) of the existence of the solid–liquid phase at the temperature Te is given by Figure 2 displays the probability for the solid–liquid phase in the vicinity of the transformation temperature. As examples, particles with a diameter of 2 and 5 nm were

• displays the particle size distribution found in this case. Conclusion The most important result of this study is the fact that, within an “isothermal” ensemble of nanoparticles, there is an individual temperature for each one of the particles. Starting with the assumption that, within an ensemble of

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• composite sample as the research object for further study. To further investigate the sensing properties of the 3 atom % Mn3O4/WO3 composite based gas sensor, real-time response transient experiments were conducted on all sensors. Figure 8 displays the dynamic response–recovery curves toward H2S at 90 °C

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• Figure 3A, while SEM images (Figure 3D,F) reveal that the components are uniformly distributed throughout the film and are organized as a compact particle assembly within the chitosan matrix. Furthermore, the film cross section (Figure 3F) displays the typical layered structure of films solvent-cast from

• isotherms (Figure S2a,b in Supporting Information File 1). The BET specific surface area of the samples Film-1 and Foam-1 was 5 and 58 m2·g−1, respectively. The microstructure of the films was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The diffractogram of Film-1 displays the main reflections of both

• therefore assessed by the van der Pauw method based on the four-point technique [26]. This method is useful to accurately measure the surface properties of a sample of arbitrary shape. Figure 4C displays the in-plane electrical conductivity of the films as a function of the MWCNT content (composition of

Fabrication of phase masks from amorphous carbon thin films for electron-beam shaping

• Lukas Grünewald,
• Dagmar Gerthsen and
• Simon Hettler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1290–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.128

• contrast. Defocusing the diffraction lens to (b) 75 mm and (c) 150 mm displays the preserved shape of a BB upon propagation. The intensity in (b) and (c) is shown on a logarithmic scale to visualize the bright center and the outer rings. The inserts display the center of the respective image. Since