Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• nontransparent 125 nm Ag back contact [21]. TiO2 is the most commonly used electron transport material (ETM) in Sb2S3 solar cells [18][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. SnO2 and ZnO have also been employed as the planar ETM, with varying success [33][34]. Conjugated polymers, e.g., P3HT, Spiro-OMeTAD (2,2',7,7

• penetration depth for light of 600 nm wavelength is about 100 nm, assuming α = 1 × 105 cm−1 (Figure 3c). Electron mobility tends to be greater in semiconductors when compared to hole mobility, although the efficacy of electron transport is also subject to change when the absorber thickness is varied. In this

• electron transport. The existence of the optical spacer effect can also have a negative impact. Even some tens of nanometers off of the optimum HTM thickness at constant absorber layer thickness could drastically decrease the JSC; thus it is crucial to ensure uniform thickness of P3HT throughout the whole

Polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive for perovskite solar cells with water and isopropanol as solvents

• Chen Du,
• Shuo Wang,
• Xu Miao,
• Wenhai Sun,
• Yu Zhu,
• Chengyan Wang and
• Ruixin Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.228

• primarily due to the suitability of PVP as an additive to enhance the photoelectric performance. Using PVP as an interlayer between the [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) electron transport layer (ETL) and the Ag cathode in a high-performance inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar

• -Fermi level in the contacted perovskite and electron transfer material, but also by the defect-induced recombination in the electron transport channels [33]. It is clear that perovskite solar cells using a PVP-containing aqueous lead nitrate precursor solution will lead to an increase in Voc. The Voc of

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

• Olivia Amargós-Reyes,
• José-Luis Maldonado,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• María-Elena Nicho,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Juan Nicasio-Collazo,
• Irving Caballero-Quintana and
• Concepción Arenas-Arrocena

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2238–2250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.216

• -thienyl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl[5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4,8-dioxo-4H,8H-benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c′]dithiophene-1,3-diyl]]) and PC71BM to form efficient electron-transport pathways, achieving an enhanced PCE of 10.2% as compared to 9.2 and 8.1% for the binary PBDB-T:ITIC and PBDB

Molecular attachment to a microscope tip: inelastic tunneling, Kondo screening, and thermopower

• Rouzhaji Tuerhong,
• Mauro Boero and
• Jean-Pierre Bucher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1243–1250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.124

• thermopower measured across the single-molecule junction. Keywords: inelastic electron tunneling; molecular quantum dot; Kondo physics; single molecule; thermopower; tunnel junction; Introduction Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has the capability to detect the electron transport through a molecule not

• localized spin and the conduction electrons of the substrate. Manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) molecules adsorbed on noble-metal surfaces have been studied quite extensively by STM and Kondo behavior of MnPc is well documented [19][20][21]. However the electron transport through a single MnPc molecule

• reversible molecule transfer process between the tip and the surface indicates that the MnPc molecule is attached to the STM tip apex and not to any other site on the tip. Vibration-mediated electron transport in a molecular junction In the following, the electron transport through a MnPc molecule suspended

An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• . Overall, these composite materials offer a several advantages. First, the porous carbon of fiber morphology has a high aspect length-to-volume ratio and provides a reduced ion/electron diffusion path that allows fast, long-distance electron transport, which endows the necessary electrochemical performance

Coexisting spin and Rabi oscillations at intermediate time regimes in electron transport through a photon cavity

• Vidar Gudmundsson,
• Hallmann Gestsson,
• Nzar Rauf Abdullah,
• Chi-Shung Tang,
• Andrei Manolescu and
• Valeriu Moldoveanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 606–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.61

• out a difference between the steady-state correlation functions in the Coulomb blocking and the photon-assisted transport regimes. Keywords: electron transport; interactions; photon cavity; photon-dressed electron states; time dependent; Introduction Experimental [1][2][3][4][5][6] and theoretical

• [7][8][9][10][11] interest is growing in electron transport through semiconductor systems in photon cavities. The success of circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) devices with superconducting quantum bits coupled to microwave cavities has pushed for the evolution of hybrid mesoscopic circuits

• the strength of the electron–photon interaction, gEM. The important message we want to convey from our modeling of time-dependent electron transport through multilevel interacting nanoscale two-dimensional semiconductor systems embedded in 3D photon cavities is that the Rabi oscillations in the

Transport signatures of an Andreev molecule in a quantum dot–superconductor–quantum dot setup

• Zoltán Scherübl,
• András Pályi and
• Szabolcs Csonka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 363–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.36

• , which allow one to identify and quantify the dominant non-local term. In particular, we describe the ground-state properties (phase diagram, average electron occupation) of the system, the zero-bias conductance describing electron transport through the device in the presence of tunnel-coupled normal

• tunneling, but tunneling transitions between two different excited states are forbidden, as both states have even fermion parity. In the left panel of Figure 5b, we illustrate the tunneling transitions (arrows) relevant for electron transport at this parameter point. If the bias voltage is sufficiently

• superconductor tunnel-coupled to the dots, often called a Cooper-pair splitter. We study the three special cases where one of the three non-local mechanisms dominates, and calculate measurable ground-state properties, as well as the zero-bias and finite-bias differential conductance characterizing electron

Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

• Rekha Bai,
• Dinesh K. Pandya,
• Sujeet Chaudhary,
• Veer Dhaka,
• Vladislav Khayrudinov,
• Jori Lemettinen,
• Christoffer Kauppinen and
• Harri Lipsanen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 274–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.26

• may in turn impact the physical properties on account of the known role of oxygen vacancies and defects on electron transport behavior of ZnO [26][27]. But in our case no such high temperature processing is required at any stage. Cho et al. [17] have used a solution method with tri-potassium citrate

Electrolyte tuning in dye-sensitized solar cells with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) iron(II) sensitizers

• Mariia Karpacheva,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Edwin C. Constable

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3069–3078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.285

• value [54]. A larger Ld and a longer lifetime as observed for electrolyte E2c result, respectively, in a higher electron density and lower charge loss in the semiconductor. For each electrolyte, the transport time (τt) is lower than τ, resulting in efficient electron transport through TiO2. Trends in

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• nanotubes, which is also consistent with the idea that the electron conduction in these systems is governed by a diffusional gradient and, thus, the electron transport can be appreciated [64]. Similarly, with longer nanotubes the spikes not only disappear, the time to reach the maximum jon also increases

• along the [004] direction [44], accompanied by a higher photocatalytic performance in the degradation of an organic pollutant [45]. Lee et al. also reported an enhanced photoelectrochemical behavior in photovoltaic devices ascribed to the preferred crystalline orientation due to faster electron

• transport [46]. While the observed metallic Ti is attributed to the metal substrate, no significant contribution of the rutile phase was observed. The latter is also consistent with the observations of Dozzi et al., where even small amounts of F dopant atoms prevented the thermal transition from anatase to

High-temperature magnetism and microstructure of a semiconducting ferromagnetic (GaSb)_1−x(MnSb)_x alloy

• Leonid N. Oveshnikov,
• Elena I. Nekhaeva,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander B. Davydov,
• Mikhail A. Shakhov,
• Sergey F. Marenkin,
• Oleg A. Novodvorskii,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Boris A. Aronzon and
• Erkki Lahderanta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2457–2465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.230

• (electron transport) properties. Therefore, these samples are more suitable to reveal the nature of magnetic properties and hole spin-polarization in this material, which is the aim of this paper. Main parameters of the studied samples are presented in Table 1. Figure 1a shows typical curves of the

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• metal oxide electron transport layer (ETL) and then covered with an organic hole transport layer (HTL) and an “inverted” p–i–n design, where an HP layer is formed on an HTL support and covered with an organic ETL, such as fullerene derivatives (see below in Figure 2). The conventional n–i–p scheme

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• characteristics in structure and properties, such as high aspect ratio, good mechanical properties and extraordinary electronic properties. The one atom thick two-dimensional planar structure of a graphene sheet makes it superior to CNTs for certain applications because it facilitates the electron transport [22

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

• Yan Zhao,
• Zhengjun Liu,
• Liancheng Sun,
• Yongguang Zhang,
• Yuting Feng,
• Xin Wang,
• Indira Kurmanbayeva and
• Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

• providing pathways for ion and electron transport. The as-prepared S/ZnO@NCNT composite is a promising cathode material for Li/S batteries. Keywords: batteries; nanocomposites; sol–gel processes; sulfur; zinc oxide (ZnO); Introduction Due to its high theoretical specific capacity of 1672 mAh·g−1 and

New 2D graphene hybrid composites as an effective base element of optical nanodevices

• Olga E. Glukhova,
• Igor S. Nefedov,
• Alexander S. Shalin and
• Мichael М. Slepchenkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1321–1327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.125

• absorbed by the film induces electron transport of 105 electrons, and the response time amounts to ca. 100 microseconds [9]. It should be noted that modern synthesis technologies for such composites have allowed us to provide “cross-linking” between CNTs and graphene during synthesis without further

The electrical conductivity of CNT/graphene composites: a new method for accelerating transmission function calculations

• Olga E. Glukhova and
• Dmitriy S. Shmygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1254–1262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.117

• method because of the large number of atoms. The plots of the function T(E) averaged over all k in the case of electron transport in the X-and Y-directions are shown in Figure 5c. Similarly, the transmission functions T(E) were calculated for all models of supercells of a composite on the basis of CNT

• ) schematic representation of the cell of the composite and electrodes in the case of electron transport along X (left) and Y (right); c) transmission functions along the X- (left) and Y- (right) directions. Two-layer 2D composite of pillared graphene based on CNT (9,9) with a length of 2.4 nm: a) atomic

Non-equilibrium electron transport induced by terahertz radiation in the topological and trivial phases of Hg_1−xCd_xTe

• Alexandra V. Galeeva,
• Alexey I. Artamkin,
• Alexey S. Kazakov,
• Sergey N. Danilov,
• Sergey A. Dvoretskiy,
• Nikolay N. Mikhailov,
• Ludmila I. Ryabova and
• Dmitry R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1035–1039, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.96

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• independently from the ratio of compound: TiO2. Moreover, this becomes a two-step process with well-exhibited maxima. This implies that TiO2 provides not only a larger surface area for sensitizer adsorption and good electron transport [50], but can also shift the dye energy levels by intermolecular interaction

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• compared to their random placements [13]. In recent research reported by Lee et al., two factors, the CNT length and their arrangement, were introduced as important characteristics affecting electron transport properties in the matrix of composite materials [14]. CNTs are excellent alternatives to metal

Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation

• Lan Ching Sim,
• Jing Lin Wong,
• Chen Hong Hak,
• Jun Yan Tai,
• Kah Hon Leong and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35

• coverage of CDs could suppress the recombination of photogenerated carriers in g-C3N4. As the CD coverage increased, trap states were created at the CD/g-C3N4 interface, thus increasing the trapping events and decelerating the electron transport [67][68][69]. A similar observation was reported previously

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

• nm [82]). When the contact area becomes smaller than the mean free path of the electrons in the material, the electron transport enters ballistic conduction regime [83]. Nevertheless, typically, the metal–metal contact shows ohmic characteristics, which are preferable for low-power NEM switches, but

Gas-sensing behaviour of ZnO/diamond nanostructures

• Marina Davydova,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Jiri Smarhak,
• Alexander Kromka,
• Neda Neykova,
• Josef Nahlik,
• Jiri Kroutil,
• Jan Drahokoupil and
• Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 22–29, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.4

• involved elements. The k-point sampling for DFT calculations was set to 2 × 2 × 20 to save computational time. The Poisson solver was set to direct method with the Dirichlet boundary conditions in directions X and Z and periodic boundary conditions in Y-direction. The electron transport calculations were

CdSe nanorod/TiO₂ nanoparticle heterojunctions with enhanced solar- and visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Fakher Laatar,
• Hatem Moussa,
• Halima Alem,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Hatem Ezzaouia and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2741–2752, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.273

• noble metal particles, or constructing heterojunctions between TiO2 and graphene-based materials or carbon nitride (C3N4), acting as electron-transport materials [3][4][5]. All of these strategies have the common goal of decreasing the charge carrier recombination rate by increasing the spatial charge

Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography

• Liane S. Slaughter,
• Kevin M. Cheung,
• Sami Kaappa,
• Huan H. Cao,
• Qing Yang,
• Thomas D. Young,
• Andrew C. Serino,
• Sami Malola,
• Jana M. Olson,
• Stephan Link,
• Hannu Häkkinen,
• Anne M. Andrews and
• Paul S. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2648–2661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.265

• used to advantage in fabricating tethered DNA for high-efficiency hybridization [10] and for investigating spin selectivity in electron transport through DNA [12]. Comparing the XPS peak areas suggested that the amount of Au in the lift-off regions is approximately double the surface concentration of

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• allowed the electron wave functions between neighboring nanoparticles to overlap and electron transport was described by thermally activated tunneling between the particles. Locating the Fermi level of the metal in the HOMO–LUMO gap of the ligand shell provides a pathway for electrons to pass along [56

• created by the surrounding dielectric ligand shell of nanoparticles. Depending on the thickness of the barrier, electron transport has been described as quantum tunneling, electron hopping, ohmic conduction, or space-charge-limited conduction, to mention only a few [53][57][109][110]. Several reports

• pyrrole-, bithiophene-, or terthiophene-thiols were reacted with gold nanoparticles and oxidatively coupled gold particles in solution or in the solid state. Electron transport in the films was reported to reach conductivities in the range of 10−7 to 10−2 S/cm [121]. 3.3 Sintering Instead of linking