Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• TiO2 NP nucleation started after adding the urea and PVP surfactant. Then, the aqueously dispersed AgNO3 solution was poured into the prepared TiO2/PVP mixture. It was assumed that the positively charged Ag+ ions interacted with the negatively charged PVP-modified TiO2 NPs due to electrostatic

• interactions. In addition, the PVP also acted as a reducing agent and facilitated the formation of small Ag nanoparticles at the surface of the TiO2 spheres to form a splat-shaped structure (Scheme 1). PVP played a significant role in generating these nanocomposites, serving as a growth modifier, stabilizer

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

• Hyung Jun An,
• Jong Min Park,
• Nazmul Abedin Khan and
• Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

• adsorption of JGB showed an opposite trend. This very opposite trend, observed in anionic AR1 and cationic JGB, could be explained via electrostatic interactions considering the opposite charges on the studied dyes. Moreover, the studied PDC or KOH-900 might have both positive and negative charges, depending

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• interact with the proteins [22]. The affinity of a protein for a certain surface and the mode of interaction rise from the interplay of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bondings, and hydrophobic forces [32]. Both nanomaterials are negatively charged at physiological pH. However, SNPs exhibit a less

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• manipulate the shell permeability [4]. However, most of the work uses strong PEs such as polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) as one of the polymers, and thus, in order to release the payload, a disturbance in the intermolecular forces (e.g., covalent binding, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions) guarding

• various forces, mostly electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, covalent bonding, host–guest interactions and other interactions (e.g., hydrophobic and biospecific recognition) as shown in Figure 3. Electrostatic interactions The LbL assemblies were originally applied to both charged planar

• formation and aggregation. This sequential adsorption of layers finally leads to electrostatically bound multilayers in which charge inversion is the main driving force controlling the assembly [40]. The strength and physical principles governing electrostatic interactions was recently explored by Lytle et

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• differential thermal calorimetric profile (Figure 2B) reveals that the melting point of the pristine polymer is about 65 °C. Upon complexation with siRNA the melting point shifts to 98 °C. This can be attributed to the electrostatic interactions between the anionic phosphate moieties in the siRNA with the

• glycosaminoglycan associated with the inhibition of the coagulation process by activating anti-thrombin [23]. The sulfate groups present in heparin compete with the oligonucleotide sequences to associate with the polymer chains and based on the relative strength of the electrostatic interactions between the

Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• principle of this system rests on the fact that ssDNA exhibits a higher affinity to the surface of metallic gold as dsDNA. This is because ssDNA molecules contain a large number of functional groups facilitating electrostatic interactions with the gold surface (Figure 3c). Therefore, at a high salt

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• different from hydrophobic interactions have been proposed. For example, electrostatic interactions can improve the photosensitizer loading. Mostly amino acid-based polymers with poly(ʟ-lysine) [46][47] or poly(aspartic acid) [48][49] charged blocks have been employed for poly ion complex assemblies (PICs

• the formation of H aggregates between photosensitizer molecules, which hampers the production of singlet oxygen [50][51]. Hence, a careful choice of the hydrophobic block of the copolymer–photosensitizer couple for electrostatic interactions is needed. Interestingly, host–guest complexation of

• diameter and ζ-potential values switch from negative to positive thus accelerating cellular internalization [36]. Poly ion complexes formed thanks to electrostatic interactions between positively charged weak bases and negatively charged weak acids are ideal pH-responsive nanocarriers. PICs formed by

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• approach results in single-stranded overhang regions, so-called sticky ends. The binding interaction between two different but complementary sticky ends guides the sequential assembly of building blocks. The weak interactions, viz., hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, act as driving forces for

• efficient FRET. In acidic pH, the N1 of adenine became protonated, which triggered the structural transition of the LMB device from a closed to an open state through reverse Hoogsteen base pairing and electrostatic interactions. The pH-responsive structural transition of LMB from a closed to an open state

• growth of polyadenine strands with a very high aspect ratio. The secondary structure of biomolecules depends on weak noncovalent interactions, especially ionic interactions, between oppositely charged moieties or surfaces. In fact, ionic or electrostatic interactions can play an important role in the

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• anions, which effectively act as cross-linkers. Electrostatic complexation allows for very mild preparative processes, carried out in water under mild and almost physiological conditions and without the use of chemical reactions. Additionally, electrostatic interactions may not only be used to hold

• polymeric structure and therefore it is not displaced by HA. We cannot, however, exclude the siRNA/chitosan interactions to be somehow weakened by the presence of HA. The TPP–HA exchange may also be facilitated by the rather low degree of protonation of chitosan, which make its electrostatic interactions

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• such as H-bond interaction and electrostatic interactions [15][17][20][21][22][23][24]. Moreover, NPs as a carrier system have shown the ability to protect the loaded drug from inactivation, reduce unwanted side effects and enhance the efficacy of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) due to

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• to the collapse of the hydrogel polymer due to increased hydrophobic interactions in the polymer hydrogel network [58]. Ionizable groups such as AAc and AAm are grafted into the polymer backbone to increase electrostatic interactions. The introduction of AAc, which has ionizable COOH groups, induces

High-tolerance crystalline hydrogels formed from self-assembling cyclic dipeptide

• Yongcai You,
• Ruirui Xing,
• Qianli Zou,
• Feng Shi and
• Xuehai Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1894–1901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.184

• , which provide a substantial tendency for self-assembly and the formation of gels. In addition, other weak forces, such as π–π stacking, hydrophobic effect, electrostatic interactions, and van der Waals forces, are also serviceable in driving molecular self-assembly of CDPs toward the formation of gels

Janus-micromotor-based on–off luminescence sensor for active TNT detection

• Ye Yuan,
• Changyong Gao,
• Daolin Wang,
• Chang Zhou,
• Baohua Zhu and
• Qiang He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1324–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.131

• hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) were alternately deposited onto the surface of 5 μm silica particles by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly [38][39][40][41]. The as-prepared particles were subsequently modified with amine-functionalized UCNPs through electrostatic interactions and then were

A biomimetic nanofluidic diode based on surface-modified polymeric carbon nitride nanotubes

• Kai Xiao,
• Baris Kumru,
• Lu Chen,
• Lei Jiang,
• Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt and
• Markus Antonietti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1316–1323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.130

• ]. In a charged nanochannel, only one ionic component can be transported across the nanochannel when the diameter of the nanochannel matches or falls below the Debye screening length because of the electrostatic interactions between the ions and the charged channel walls. As a result, positively charged

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• significant variation in the amide I and amide II vibrations of the immobilized GOx enzyme with respect to unsupported GOx. This observation strongly supports that the adsorption of GOx in HNTs occurs via non-deteriorating electrostatic interactions [57]. This physical entrapment, in contrast to

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• nanoparticles via the LbL technique. Heparin was attached to the γ-Fe2O3 surface via electrostatic interactions. The TEM micrograph of the γ-Fe2O3@Hep particles showed the heparin layer as a thin bright halo around the iron oxide core (Figure 2c). Compared to γ-Fe2O3, the Dh value of the γ-Fe2O3@Hep particles

• accompanied by a decrease in the polydispersity (PD = 0.11), a decrease in the absolute ζ-potential value to ca. 28 mV, and a change in the ζ-potential value from negative to positive. These characteristics suggested that the modified chitosans were attached to the heparin layer via electrostatic interactions

• augment particle internalization compared to heparin modification alone. Previous studies have suggested that electrostatic interactions, oxidation-dependent conjugation, and hydrogen bonds between the phenolic OH groups and polysaccharide moieties and/or amino acid residues of the cell membrane may

Influence of dielectric layer thickness and roughness on topographic effects in magnetic force microscopy

• Alexander Krivcov,
• Jasmin Ehrler,
• Marc Fuhrmann,
• Tanja Junkers and
• Hildegard Möbius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1056–1064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.106

• electrostatic interactions. Origin of these artifacts is the work-function difference between tip and sample material. Yu et al. [10] demonstrated that topographic features can be avoided by combining MFM with electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) compensating the contact potential difference by an appropriate

• SPIONs are often hidden by repulsive electrostatic interactions due to the changes in capacitive coupling. In [14] possibilities are discussed to minimize the capacitive coupling, e.g., by using a substrate with minimized work-function difference between tip and substrate or by using a sharper tip

• signal from capacitive coupling. This behavior is in accordance with our simulations combining magnetic and electrostatic interactions resulting in a ring of negative phase shift (Figure 6). Hence, MFM measurements on single SPIONs reveal contributions of electrostatic forces in form of a positive phase

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• pHiep to higher pH and resulted in less negative values of the zeta potential, thus confirming the adsorption of the surfactants on the TNWs. The shift in pHiep is more prominent for the 12-2-12 due to two positively charged head groups, which caused stronger electrostatic interactions with TNWs. The

• hydrophobic interactions. Surfactants adsorb already at low concentrations due to electrostatic interactions between their charged head groups and the oppositely charged solid surface. As the surfactant concentration increases, so do the hydrophobic interactions between hydrophobic tails of the adjacent

• charged due to the deprotonation of surface groups. The negative charge enables favorable interaction of the TNW surface groups with positively charged surfactant molecules. Hence, at lower surfactant concentrations, electrostatic interactions dominate. Consequently, adsorption of DTAB and 12-2-12 results

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• -mag nanoparticles are more stable in water than WS2-NT-CM (see also the zeta potential results), meaning there are strong electrostatic interactions successfully competing with the magnetic force. Conclusion To summarize, we prepared a nanocomposite of WS2-NTs functionalized with CAN-maghemite

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• hydrophobic ones. Probably the cause of this effect is due to the stronger electrostatic interactions between nitrogen dioxide and hydrophilic thiols, leading to the formation of stronger hydrogen bonds. The effect of ambient moisture on the sensor response was studied. In order to do so, the gas flow was

• to nitrogen dioxide exposure and recovery cycles in air, and b) calibration curves for the different nitrogen dioxide concentrations tested. Electrostatic interactions pathways between –COOH functional groups and nitrogen dioxide (a, b), water (c, d) and ethanol (e, f). Calibration curves for

Nitrous oxide as an effective AFM tip functionalization: a comparative study

• Taras Chutora,
• Bruno de la Torre,
• Pingo Mutombo,
• Jack Hellerstedt,
• Jaromír Kopeček,
• Pavel Jelínek and
• Martin Švec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 315–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.30

• was estimated to be 3.5 Å. Based on this finding, we construct an atomic model of the three flat-lying N2O molecules on Au(111) and optimize it with total-energy DFT calculations. We find that the trimer is stabilized by electrostatic interactions between the N and O atoms of adjacent N2O molecules

• , whereas N2O is bent strongly. The bent adsorption configuration of the N2O molecule is caused by electrostatic interactions between the molecule and the Au tip, which arise from the mutual dipole–dipole interaction. Furthermore, the calculated adsorption energies of the two molecules on the tip differ as

• probe-particle model [32][45], which takes into account van der Waals (vdW) and electrostatic interactions between the tip and the sample. The calculations were performed varying the effective charge of the probe particle in order to obtain the best possible agreement between the experimental findings

Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• mitochondria membrane by electrostatic interactions. The nucleus contains practically all the genetic information (except for the mitochondrial DNA) and is of paramount importance for the correct function of the entire cell. Targeting nuclei has received huge attention regarding the delivery of cytotoxic

pH-mediated control over the mesostructure of ordered mesoporous materials templated by polyion complex micelles

• Emilie Molina,
• Mélody Mathonnat,
• Jason Richard,
• Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes,
• Martin In,
• Philippe Dieudonné,
• Thomas Cacciaguerra,
• Corine Gérardin and
• Nathalie Marcotte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.14

• structure, whose core is formed by electrostatic interactions between the two charged blocks (i.e., the PAA and the weak polybase) and the corona is constituted by the neutral PEO block of the DHBC, which ensures the steric stabilization of the assembly in water. In the presence of silica precursors, the

• is not formed (see Figure 1) due to the lack of favorable electrostatic interactions, whereas the organic–inorganic interface is thought to be formed by the N0/I0 pathway. Then the pH of the reaction medium was increased in order to promote both formation of PIC micelles and condensation of silica

• the amphiphilic system is constituted by a polyion electrostatic complex of OC/PAA and the corona by the H-bonded assembly of PEO block and silica species. As the pH of the synthesis medium is increased (from pH 4.5 to 6.5), the extent of the electrostatic interactions increases and the hydrogen bond

Interaction-induced zero-energy pinning and quantum dot formation in Majorana nanowires

• Samuel D. Escribano,
• Alfredo Levy Yeyati and
• Elsa Prada

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.203

• -length wire posses a finite charge, typically distributed uniformly along the wire [34], which can be susceptible to electrostatic interactions with the surrounding medium. We considered the case of a grounded parent superconductor, thus avoiding the effect of a charging energy associated to the Cooper

The inhibition effect of water on the purification of natural gas with nanoporous graphene membranes

• Krzysztof Nieszporek,
• Tomasz Pańczyk and
• Jolanta Nieszporek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1906–1916, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.182

• membranes, respectively. This result is surprising. Nitrogen atoms in an NHH nanopore have a less negative charge than the average charge of nitrogens in an NN nanopore. It is possible that hydrogen bonds between water and nitrogen from NHH membrane can be stabilized due to the electrostatic interactions