Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• solution. The newly formed wet hybrid fiber handsheets were pressed twice at a force of 400 ± 10 kPa between couch blotters for increased drying. Further, these handsheets were conditioned at 23 °C temperature in a room with 50% of relative humidity for 2 days. Functionalization of LDH grafted cellulose

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• were most responsive to nitrogen dioxide and ethanol vapors, even in the presence of ambient humidity. In particular, this nanomaterial was about eight times more sensitive to nitrogen dioxide than bare Au-decorated carbon nanotubes when operated at room temperature. This response enhancement is

• such as lack of selectivity, environmental variations (e.g., changes in humidity level) affecting sensor response, or the difficulty to detect gases characterized by low adsorption energies are often encountered [11]. In order to enhance their selectivity and/or their sensitivity, CNTs have been

• humidified to 50% relative humidity (at 20 °C) and the same nitrogen dioxide concentrations that had been studied previously under dry conditions were measured again. These results are shown in Figure 7. As it could be expected, the presence of ambient moisture increases the sensitivity to a polar gas like

Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and sensor applications of PtSe₂ nanosheets synthesized by wet chemistry

• Mahendra S. Pawar and
• Dattatray J. Late

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 467–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.46

• well with the reported 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. A PtSe2 nanosheet-based sensor device was tested for its applicability as a humidity sensor and photodetector. The humidity sensor based on PtSe2 nanosheets showed an excellent recovery time of ≈5 s, indicating the great potential of PtSe2 for

• annealed in a vacuum furnace at 170 °C to improve the contact resistance and adhesion of the nanosheets with the substrate. The humidity sensing performance was investigated by exposing the sensor device to various relative humidity (RH) levels ranging from 11.3–97.3% as described in detail previously [26

• comparison of the temperature coefficient values corresponding to various 2D materials are shown in Table 2. The value of Δω for both Eg and A1g modes was found to be 6.11 cm−1 and 3.14 cm−1, respectively. Humidity sensor and photodetector based on few-layer PtSe2 nanosheets Figure 7a shows the typical

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• inside a glovebox with controlled humidity (<14 ppm). The solutions were ultrasonically nebulized and guided by compressed air at a flow rate of 5 L·min−1 onto glass/ITO/TiO2 substrates at deposition temperatures of 200, 210, and 220 °C for 20 min (Sb/S 1:3) or 40 min (Sb/S 1:6). After deposition, some

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• as well as the effect of ambient humidity. Experimental Materials All materials and reagents used (listed below) were of analytical grade and were used as received. COOH functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs), Nanocyl (C purity higher than 95%) Nitric acid, Scharlau (HNO3 68–70

• recovery in dry air. To determine the selectivity of the sensor for carbon monoxide (CO) and benzene (C6H6), gas cylinders with a 100 ppm CO and 10 ppm C6H6 concentrations respectively, balanced in dry air, were used with the previously described set-up. To create the desired humidity in order to check the

• check the effect of humidity in the performance of the sensor, a new set of measurements for NO2 were performed. In this case, the relative humidity was set to 50%. Comparing these results with the ones performed with dry air (relative humidity was around 3%), one can realize that the sensor, when

Pull-off and friction forces of micropatterned elastomers on soft substrates: the effects of pattern length scale and stiffness

• Peter van Assenbergh,
• Marike Fokker,
• Julian Langowski,
• Jan van Esch,
• Marleen Kamperman and
• Dimitra Dodou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 79–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.8

A comparison of tarsal morphology and traction force in the two burying beetles Nicrophorus nepalensis and Nicrophorus vespilloides (Coleoptera, Silphidae)

• Liesa Schnee,
• Benjamin Sampalla,
• Josef K. Müller and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 47–61, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.5

• experiments were carried out at room temperature (ca. 22 °C) and a relative humidity of ca. 50%. Friction was determined on the fore tarsus for five males and five females (n = 10). The measuring head was dragged over the surface with a load of 2 mN and a velocity of 100 µm/s. For each measurement, the

Contact splitting in dry adhesion and friction: reducing the influence of roughness

• Jae-Kang Kim and
• Michael Varenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1–8, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.1

• ) operated for 180 seconds at 18 mA current and about 5 × 10−2 Pa Ar pressure. All tests were repeated at least four times. The temperature and relative humidity in the laboratory were 23–25 °C and 45–55%, respectively. Characteristic images of tested polyvinylsiloxane (PVS) adhesive microstructures in (a

Electrostatic force microscopy for the accurate characterization of interphases in nanocomposites

• Diana El Khoury,
• Richard Arinero,
• Jean-Charles Laurentie,
• Mikhaël Bechelany,
• Michel Ramonda and
• Jérôme Castellon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2999–3012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.279

• readily than Al2O3, as observed in Figure 8, and as confirmed by measurements performed in a highly humid environment [38]. Indeed, in the presence of high humidity, only scanning over alumina-covered samples was possible. All used probes were fixed to the surface and were consequently crushed or became

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• concentrations of NH3 and responded dramatically, which could be ascribed to the p–n heterojunctions formed between ZnO and rGO. However, the influence of humidity on the sensor response was not negligible due to the residual oxygen (high hydrophilicity) on rGO and the active sites (oxygen vacancies) on ZnO

• affected the sensor at low humidity levels. However, the response of the composite sensor increased with increasing humidity at high humidity levels. At low humidity levels, ammonia and water molecules competed for adsorption, which reduces the sensing performance of NH3. As humidity levels increased

• , ammonia adsorbed on the surface of sensor by dissolving into water, leading to the higher response. This is quite different from the usual opinion that sensitivity will decrease at high humidity levels. Zhang et al. [47] synthesized CuO nanoflowers via hydrothermal method, then CuO and rGO were deposited

Biomimetic surface structures in steel fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses: influence of laser rescanning on morphology and wettability

• Camilo Florian Baron,
• Alexandros Mimidis,
• Daniel Puerto,
• Evangelos Skoulas,
• Emmanuel Stratakis,
• Javier Solis and
• Jan Siegel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2802–2812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.262

• related to water transport, although in this case not for camouflage but hydration purposes, which is vital considering the natural habitat of this lizard is the desert. The humidity in the air or moisture at the surface of rocks on which the lizard is standing can condense at the skin tiles, flowing

• surfaces were polished obtaining mirror-like quality with an average roughness Ra < 2 nm measured by an atomic force microscope (AFM, Agilent 5100 AFM/SPM in tapping mode). In order to avoid environmental oxidation by humidity, the samples were stored in a desiccator at 30% relative humidity. Before and

Characterization of the microscopic tribological properties of sandfish (Scincus scincus) scales by atomic force microscopy

• Weibin Wu,
• Christian Lutz,
• Simon Mersch,
• Richard Thelen,
• Christian Greiner,
• Guillaume Gomard and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2618–2627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.243

• controlled temperature (21–23 °C) and humidity (50–70%). All AFM experiments were conducted with a Dimension Icon AFM (Veeco Inc., USA). The topography of the samples was measured in tapping mode while adhesion force, friction, and wear analysis were conducted in contact mode. No extra treatment was applied

• (National Instruments, Austin, USA) code. The tests were conducted at room temperature and in air with 50% relative humidity. Sample preparation for the non-biological samples relied on grinding with SiC papers of #800 down to #4000 grid. Mechanical polishing was carried out with a 3 µm diamond suspension

Friction reduction through biologically inspired scale-like laser surface textures

• Johannes Schneider,
• Vergil Djamiykov and
• Christian Greiner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2561–2572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.238

• experiments [16][23]. All tests were conducted at room temperature (25 °C) and at a relative humidity of approximately 45%. All tested pellets and discs were sonicated in isopropanol for 15 minutes before each tribological experiment in order to ensure a reproducible surface chemistry and clean samples

Non-agglomerated silicon–organic nanoparticles and their nanocomplexes with oligonucleotides: synthesis and properties

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Nadezhda V. Shikina,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Svetlana A. Yashnik,
• Dmitrii V. Semenov,
• Yulia I. Savinovskaya,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova,
• Inna A. Pyshnaya and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2516–2525, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.234

• -1640 medium without trypsin (100 μL/well) at a concentration of 0.014 mM for Si and 0.1 μM for ODN were applied to the infected MDCK cells, followed by incubation for 4 h at 37 °C, 5% CO2, and 100% humidity. After incubation for 4 h at room temperature, the medium containing the sample was removed, the

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

Effect of electrospinning process variables on the size of polymer fibers and bead-on-string structures established with a 2³ factorial design

• Paulina Korycka,
• Adam Mirek,
• Katarzyna Kramek-Romanowska,
• Marcin Grzeczkowicz and
• Dorota Lewińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2466–2478, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.231

• tip [13], distance between the nozzle tip and the collector, solution flow rate [13], humidity [9][14][15], temperature [15], shape and type of the collector [5], etc.). What should be emphasized is that electrospinning is a complex process with a considerable number of factors that may influence the

• uniform fibrous mats were obtained. Finally, the effect of humidity was also examined: the higher the humidity, the less homogeneous mats were obtained (during electrospinning the solvent evaporates completely and the fibers become glued together). Another interesting work on the impact of process

• collect the same polymer solution volume in each study (0.06 mL of solution was used to make one sample). The experiments were carried out at room temperature (about 25 °C), the humidity did not exceed 40%. The diagram of the self-made electrospinning setup is shown in Figure 1. Characterization

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• -organic bond. The aqueous environment favored the extraction of the freely accessible, soluble PEO and Ru-PEO moieties, leaving both PS and Ru-PS moieties to form the nanoporous polymeric matrix. It has been demonstrated that by controlling the annealing procedure and the humidity, it is possible to

• control the orientation of the PEO cylindrical domains within the PS thin film [89][90]. In particular, at high humidity conditions, it has been found that PEO cylindrical domains are vertically (perpendicular) oriented with respect to the thin film surface, whereas at low humidity conditions, the PEO

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• preferable to sub-micrometer HP domains. Typically, the MABI-based solar cells demonstrate a high resistivity to air oxidation and ambient humidity [85][155][156][157][160][168]. Similar high stability to the degradation under ambient atmosphere was reported for highly luminescent Cs3Bi2X9 (X = Cl, Br, I

• stability, the cells retaining their characteristics after 30 days of exposure to ambient conditions (relative humidity of 50–60%) [160]. The structure and characteristics of (MA)2KBiCl6 perovskite [166] are very similar to MAPbCl3, however, the high bandgap of this material (3.04 eV) is more suitable for

Filling nanopipettes with apertures smaller than 50 nm: dynamic microdistillation

• Evelyne Salançon and
• Bernard Tinland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2181–2187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.204

• filled nanopipettes were open and exhibited electrical characteristics related to their shape. The process works despite surrounding atmospheric pollution and humidity, which usually impede complete filling. Using a programmable piezo-electric actuator, the process could be automated and certainly

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• functionalized MOx NFs with superior sensitivity and fast response in a high humidity environment (95% relative humidity (RH)). WO3 NFs functionalized by RuO2 [189] and Rh2O3 [106] NPs show improved response toward acetone at 350 °C. The fibers have an average diameter in the range 250–300 nm with no significant

Know your full potential: Quantitative Kelvin probe force microscopy on nanoscale electrical devices

• Amelie Axt,
• Ilka M. Hermes,
• Victor W. Bergmann,
• Niklas Tausendpfund and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1809–1819, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.172

• Asylum research MFP3D SFM in a nitrogen glovebox (level of humidity below 1%) for all experiments. The typical resonance frequency of the cantilevers (Bruker Model:SCM-PIT-V2) was ≈75 kHz, spring constant of 3 N/m, a tip radius of 25 nm and a tip height of 10 to 15 μm. The typical length of the

Direct AFM-based nanoscale mapping and tomography of open-circuit voltages for photovoltaics

• Katherine Atamanuk,
• Justin Luria and
• Bryan D. Huey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1802–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.171

• property mapping is especially beneficial for specimens sensitive to their environment, as is common for many photovoltaics in the presence of oxygen or humidity [19]. Along these lines, direct measurements of VOC* during exposure to acetic acid are ongoing for Si solar cells to correlate any changes in

Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants

• Reika Makita,
• Tsukasa Akasaka,
• Seiichi Tamagawa,
• Yasuhiro Yoshida,
• Saori Miyata,
• Hirofumi Miyaji and
• Tsutomu Sugaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1735–1754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.165

• , but not as a main focus [38][39][51][52]. The crosslinking reaction of gelatin is controlled by the reaction time, the temperature, and humidity. In this study, we used 20 wt % gelatin as an optimal concentration for the gelatin solution, because a concentration of 30 wt % gelatin produced a solution

• an atmosphere with 100% humidity to avoid drying out and incubated for 3 days at 37 °C. The molds were then dried for 3 days at normal humidity at 37 °C. The molds were then stored at −18 °C to harden the gelatin prior to demolding. Demolding was achieved by carefully peeling off the PDMS mold from

• was gently pressed onto the gelatin/genipin mixture. We found that it was important that the viscosity of the solution not be too high, as excessive cross-linking can occur (Figure 11a). In order for continuous crosslinking to occur, the mixture was incubated at 100% humidity in order to avoid drying

Nanoscale electrochemical response of lithium-ion cathodes: a combined study using C-AFM and SIMS

• Jonathan Op de Beeck,
• Nouha Labyedh,
• Alfonso Sepúlveda,
• Valentina Spampinato,
• Alexis Franquet,
• Thierry Conard,
• Philippe M. Vereecken,
• Wilfried Vandervorst and
• Umberto Celano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1623–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.154

• the reproducibility and quantitative interpretation of C-AFM [17]. At the same time, we do not expect the high-vacuum environment to be completely free from humidity. Therefore, in these measurements the formation of any Li composites such as Li2O and Li2CO3 cannot be excluded as also considered by

Evaluation of replicas manufactured in a 3D-printed nanoimprint unit

• Manuel Caño-García,
• Morten A. Geday,
• Manuel Gil-Valverde,
• Xabier Quintana and
• José M. Otón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1573–1581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.149

• procedure was the same, some variables such as room temperature or humidity were not controlled. As a result, some variability between batches was observed, frequently larger than the variability within a single batch. Occasionally, this issue leads to apparently biased measurements, e.g., the back angle of