Towards 3D self-assembled rolled multiwall carbon nanotube structures by spontaneous peel off

• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1865–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.168

• interactions between different sections. When a composition change is performed and a Nx/Cx+1 is added to a Cx−1/Nx structure, the detachment of the Nx section from the Cx+1 section is favored (Figure 1 and Figure 5). Since Cx−1/Nx is stronger and more continuous, its entire structure peels off and, thus

• , becomes free-standing. Different interactions between Cx−1 and Nx sections [31] lead to the rolling of the free-standing structure, which eventually leads to the MWCNT rolled forest configuration. Another observation that strongly supports the proposed formation mechanism is the curved and rolled aspect

• to develop such a weak interface. The driving force behind the rolling phenomena is not yet fully established. However, it is strongly related to the formation of a Cx−1/Nx interface in which the length of the C and N sections may play a role. More importantly, different interactions are likely to be

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• , interfacial interactions, material crystallinity, and the presence of dopants can readily tune the bandgap energy of core–shell nanomaterials [30][51]. The presence of TiO2 on the shell of the mSiO2@NiPS surface played a role in increasing the bandgap energy of the core–shell nanostructure. A similar shift in

• the weakening of interactions between nickel and phyllosilicate [58]. However, a conclusive statement on the interaction between Ni and TiO2 is not possible. The XPS data in Supporting Information File 1, Table S1 shows that the non-normalised Ni and Si surface concentrations are 6.8 and 4.2 atom

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• catalyst surfaces are negatively charged, which leads to a repulsion of the negatively charged carboxylate functional groups of the dye molecule [51][54][59]. In addition, due to electrostatic interactions, RhB dimers are formed, which affects the charge density throughout the molecule and possibly leads

• degradation efficiency increased with decreasing pH value. Remarkably, a complete degradation of RhB could be achieved within just 50 min by lowering the pH value to 2 as a consequence of the attractive interactions between the dye molecule and the catalyst surface upon protonation. In contrast, the

• photocatalytic activity almost ceased entirely under basic conditions at pH 9 due to the repulsive interactions of the formed carboxylate anions of the dye molecule with the catalyst surface (see above). We then investigated the reaction mechanism by determining the active species. A series of trapping

Nanomechanics of few-layer materials: do individual layers slide upon folding?

• Ronaldo J. C. Batista,
• Rafael F. Dias,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Alan B. de Oliveira,
• Taise M. Manhabosco,
• Thiago R. Gomes-Silva,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Andreij C. Gadelha,
• Cassiano Rabelo,
• Luiz G. L. Cançado,
• Ado Jorio,
• Hélio Chacham and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1801–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.162

• interlayer interactions, have been the primary source of 2D materials [1]. These 2D materials exhibit unusual behavior associated regarding their flexural and adhesive properties [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. For instance, self-assembled folded flaps and nanoribbons of graphene form by spontaneous folding, sliding

Molecular dynamics modeling of the influence forming process parameters on the structure and morphology of a superconducting spin valve

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Roman Morari and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1776–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.160

• reflects the interaction of the nanosystem with the external environment, including adjustments to the energy to maintain a constant temperature. The molecular dynamics method is based on the concept of potential U(r), which is responsible for the nature and magnitude of the interactions of the atoms in

• theory (DFT). In this method, the resulting potential of the nanosystem is represented as the sum of the energy contributions of the individual atoms, and the contributions of pair and multielement interactions are considered separately. Thus, where Ui(r) is the potential of an individual atom, affecting

• the force field created through pair interactions and refines this value. This value is due to the presence of electron gas in the material and, in accordance with [33][34], can be calculated by the formula where Ai is an empirical force field parameter; is the value of sublimation energy; and is

Mapping of integrated PIN diodes with a 3D architecture by scanning microwave impedance microscopy and dynamic spectroscopy

• Rosine Coq Germanicus,
• Peter De Wolf,
• Florent Lallemand,
• Catherine Bunel,
• Serge Bardy,
• Hugues Murray and
• Ulrike Lüders

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1764–1775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.159

• the measurements of the electrical interactions of a biased tip–sample nanoscale system [1][2]. Scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) and scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) [3][4][5] are modes widely used for the detection of charge carriers, carrier types, and density of defects. These

Application of contact-resonance AFM methods to polymer samples

• Sebastian Friedrich and
• Brunero Cappella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1714–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.154

• interactions. Such models allow one to calculate the contact stiffness from the measured CR frequency. Then, from the contact stiffness, the elastic modulus of the sample can be determined. This technique has been successfully applied on rather stiff materials such as silicon [11] or chalcogenide glasses [12

Out-of-plane surface patterning by subsurface processing of polymer substrates with focused ion beams

• Serguei Chiriaev,
• Luciana Tavares,
• Vadzim Adashkevich,
• Arkadiusz J. Goszczak and
• Horst-Günter Rubahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1693–1703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.151

• to avoid possible interactions between the irradiated areas, such as the overlaps originating from transverse ion straggle. The samples were characterized with AFM and HIM. The measurements of the surface height were performed with a Veeco Dimension 3100 AFM instrument in the tapping mode. High

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

• Hiroaki Komuro,
• Masahiro Yamazoe,
• Kosuke Nozaki,
• Akiko Nagai and
• Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

• medical and dental applications, such as dental implants, orthopedics, and drug delivery systems, since it has similar elements found in bone and teeth. In addition, CaP stabilizes the nucleic acid against nuclease degradation, forms ionic interactions with the phosphates of DNA, and its biodegradation is

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

• by the polar character of the B–N bonds, which induced a dipole in the adsorbed molecule. The resulting interfacial dipole–dipole interactions are thought to have a similar effect on the polarizability of the adsorbed molecule as a CT. Regarding the Raman enhancement effect of a noble metal surface

• /hBN/Cu(111), no such chemisorptive bonding was observed in UPS [32]. We suppose that the energy of the vibrational modes recorded here are influenced by molecule–substrate interactions. The chemisorptive bond to the metal surface makes the intermolecular bonds harder, which causes the respective

• ) (1,301.2 cm−1) and the monolayer on Cu(111) (1,312.9 cm−1). Actually, it is rather close to the value seen on Cu(111) within 3 cm−1 (see Table 1). This may indicate that intermolecular interactions between adjacent layers in a multilayer also have a significant impact on the vibrational properties and

Piezoelectric sensor based on graphene-doped PVDF nanofibers for sign language translation

• Shuai Yang,
• Xiaojing Cui,
• Rui Guo,
• Zhiyi Zhang,
• Shengbo Sang and
• Hulin Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1655–1662, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.148

• interactions between humans and machines, the indispensability of external power sources greatly narrow their application scopes [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Piezoelectric sensors generate self-responsive electrical signals based on external mechanical forces. As a self-powered sensing system

Selective detection of complex gas mixtures using point contacts: concept, method and tools

• Alexander P. Pospelov,
• Victor I. Belan,
• Dmytro O. Harbuz,
• Volodymyr L. Vakula,
• Lyudmila V. Kamarchuk,
• Yuliya V. Volkova and
• Gennadii V. Kamarchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1631–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.146

• components. Point-contact sensors allow us to obtain a spectroscopic profile of the mixture. This profile contains information about the complete set of energy interactions occurring in the point contact/breath system when the breath constituents adsorb to and desorb from the surface of the point-contact

• methods based on the concept of marker identification. However, this approach has a significant drawback since the processes happening in complex gaseous media are highly dynamic. Therefore, it negatively impacts the efficacy of medical diagnosis. In the breath, there is a high possibility of interactions

• between the components, similarly to any multicomponent medium that contains substances of different chemical nature [26]. These interactions may eventually result in significant changes not only in the concentrations of the original components, but also in the chemical composition of the gas mixture. The

Detecting stable adsorbates of (1S)-camphor on Cu(111) with Bayesian optimization

• Jari Järvi,
• Patrick Rinke and
• Milica Todorović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1577–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.140

• fast to compute, but they cannot accurately model hybrid materials, in which atomic interactions often feature a mixture of covalent and dispersive bonding, with charge transfer and polarization effects. Instead, we must employ quantum mechanical methods, such as density-functional theory (DFT) [12][13

Design of V-shaped cantilevers for enhanced multifrequency AFM measurements

• Mehrnoosh Damircheli and
• Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1525–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.135

• ) and moment balance (ΣM), respectively: Since the cantilever is not parallel to the surface, there are horizontal and vertical conjugates of tip–sample force interactions. Therefore, the tip interactions are represented via both normal and tangential forces. Hence, the contact is described by normal

• geometries while interacting with polystyrene (PS) and gold (Au) surfaces in bimodal AFM. The tip–sample force interactions are categorized into long-range van der Waals forces and short-range forces described by the Derjaguin, Muller and Toporov (DMT) model. The instantaneous tip distance d is defined as d

• = z0 + zc + z1 + z2, where z0 and zc are the average tip deflection and the average tip–surface separation, respectively. Depending on the value of d, tip–sample force interactions are modeled as: Here h0 represents the intermolecular distance (0.165 nm), Hair is the Hamaker’s constant between tip and

Adsorption and self-assembly of porphyrins on ultrathin CoO films on Ir(100)

• Feifei Xiang,
• Tobias Schmitt,
• Marco Raschmann and
• M. Alexander Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1516–1524, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.134

• through its central metal atom and provides rather weak intermolecular interaction via its phenyl substituents, 2H-TCNPP may use its cyanophenyl groups for either coupling to the substrate or for providing relatively strong molecule–molecule interactions. The two molecules have been investigated on metal

• structures [10]. Different superstructures are observed, which also differ in the type of intermolecular interactions. The structure marked by a white rectangle in Figure 6a, shown in detail in Figure 6b, contains two bonding motifs. The first is the dipolar interaction of CN groups of neighboring molecules

• empty-state images. The tunneling current for all images was I = 0.35 nA. The apparent molecular height is indicated in the panels. All images have the same lateral scale and orientation (see (a)), the color scale is non-linear for better visibility. Due to unwanted tip–molecule interactions the

Helium ion microscope – secondary ion mass spectrometry for geological materials

• Matthew R. Ball,
• Richard J. M. Taylor,
• Joshua F. Einsle,
• Fouzia Khanom,
• Christelle Guillermier and
• Richard J. Harrison

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1504–1515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.133

• beam–sample interactions [9]. The possibility of isotopic measurements at such a high spatial resolution, around 10 nm, is of particular importance in the planetary sciences, where variations are extreme in both their magnitude and their nanometre-scale size [10][11]. Additionally, planetary materials

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• , molecule–metal interactions can adversely affect the intrinsic electronic characteristics of molecular adsorbates and quench the optical properties [9][10][11][12][13]. Consequently, recent studies aiming to characterize the relation of adsorption, supramolecular organization, and electronic and optical

• orbital interactions between the pyrene and the pyridin-4-ylethynyl MOs had a stabilizing effect on the highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels. While the HOMO stabilization played only a small part, it was the considerable lowering of the LUMO energy levels

• that governed the shrinking of the HOMO–LUMO gap upon the derivatization with pyridin-4-ylethynyl groups. The picture of the orbital interactions was similar in the di- and tetrapyrenyl derivatives, with the HOMO–LUMO gap being influenced mostly by the number of substituents. The molecular gap of the

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• ]. Silver, gold, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide NPs can be attracted to the cell wall by electrostatic attraction [161], van der Waals forces [162], and hydrophobic interactions [163], inducing changes in the shape, function and permeability of the cells. Proteins and DNA Proteins play a fundamental role

Protruding hydrogen atoms as markers for the molecular orientation of a metallocene

• Linda Laflör,
• Michael Reichling and
• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1432–1438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.127

• acid (FDCA) molecules on bulk and thin film CaF2(111) surfaces with non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM). We use NC-AFM image calculations with the probe particle model to interpret this distinct shape by repulsive interactions between the NC-AFM tip and the top hydrogen atoms of the

• step-wise reducing the tip–surface distance, the experimental NC-AFM contrast evolves from an elliptic shape caused by attractive tip–sample interactions (Figure 2b) into ring-like structures, followed by the dumbbell shape (Figure 2c). Further reduction of the tip–sample distance then results in the

• finding which we attribute to the different van der Waals radii of CO and xenon. From a comparison with the molecular geometry we can confidentially assign the dark weights of the dumbbell to repulsive interactions with the top hydrogen atoms Htop (see Figure 1a). The bright halo around these two weights

On the frequency dependence of viscoelastic material characterization with intermittent-contact dynamic atomic force microscopy: avoiding mischaracterization across large frequency ranges

• Enrique A. López-Guerra and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1409–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.125

• studies have explored different phenomena, such as energy dissipation and the proportion between elastic and viscous probe–sample interactions during the measurement [22][23][24][25][26][27]. A large number of publications have focused on the study of the phase signal (i.e., the lag of the oscillatory

• . However, surprisingly, Figure 3b shows that both materials exhibit nearly the same phase behavior in the repulsive branch (the portion of the curve with phase values below 90°, dominated by repulsive tip–sample interactions), which is precisely the one that would be used to evaluate their viscoelastic

• mechanical properties. The attractive branch, which exhibits phase values above 90° is not relevant, as it is governed by attractive tip–sample interactions. The location of the sharp transitions between the attractive and repulsive oscillation regimes are the result of nonlinear dynamical behavior of the

Superconductor–insulator transition in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires

• Alex Latyshev,
• Andrew G. Semenov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1402–1408, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.124

• approximation of the nearest neighbor interaction appears to be well justified in the limit Cm ≪ C. For stronger interactions with Cm ≈ C this approximation most likely becomes insufficient for a quantitative analysis. However, on a qualitative level our key observations should hold also in this case: A

Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth

• Owen C. Ernst,
• Felix Lange,
• David Uebel,
• Thomas Teubner and
• Torsten Boeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1371–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.121

• ) with respect to their free energy is examined here. The decisive factor for the theoretical considerations is the interfacial energy. In order to achieve a better understanding of the interfacial interactions, three different models for estimating the interfacial energy are presented here: (i) fully

• interactions (“vW model”); and a semi-empirical approach, in which R. H. Ewing's considerations towards the interfacial energy between a solid metal and its melted form were applied to study the substrate–fluid interface between different materials (“AE model”). A more detailed description of the three methods

• the vW model fails since gold droplets are formed on the silicon oxide surface. A deep insight into the characteristics and properties of the observed material is needed to perform calculations using van der Waals interactions. However, thermal silicon oxide has no defined crystallographic orientation

Impact of fluorination on interface energetics and growth of pentacene on Ag(111)

• Qi Wang,
• Meng-Ting Chen,
• Antoni Franco-Cañellas,
• Bin Shen,
• Thomas Geiger,
• Holger F. Bettinger,
• Frank Schreiber,
• Ingo Salzmann,
• Alexander Gerlach and
• Steffen Duhm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1361–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.120

• intramolecular interactions [18]. Overall, the influence of perfluorination on the multilayer growth and on the interfacial coupling of pentacene on clean metal surfaces is understood to a large extent. However, the impact of partial fluorination is less well studied, and thus we explored thin films of partially

• intermediate case. We determined the vertical adsorption heights of F4PEN (sub)monolayers on Ag(111) employing the XSW technique [64][65][66][67]. The lateral order in the monolayer was determined by LEED. Possible chemical interactions between F4PEN and the substrate were studied by XPS. The energy level

• increase in dH for PEN by raising the coverage was explained by a vertical ordering due to intermolecular interactions [51]. The small coverage-dependent changes of F4PEN showed an opposite trend, but the change in the vertical adsorption heights of the carbon atoms was only 0.02 Å, i.e., within the

Role of redox-active axial ligands of metal porphyrins adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces in a liquid-STM setup

• Thomas Habets,
• Sylvia Speller and
• Johannes A. A. W. Elemans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1264–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.110

• Mn(II)TUP complexes are formed, they must be able to desorb and replaced by molecules of Mn(III)TUPCl from the supernatant solution so that the reduction reactions can continue. Given the fact that the molecules of MnTUPCl are adsorbed to the interface via relatively weak physisorption interactions

• likely. An enhanced solubility of the ions in the aromatic solvent 1-phenyloctane may be the result of attractive anion–π interactions [24]. Conclusion MnTUPCl dissolved in 1-phenyloctane and placed in a tunnel junction yields high additional currents. We attribute them to Faradaic currents and put

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• binding to and an enhanced retention at the target sites [26] due to their larger contact area and multidentate interactions with the cell membranes. Thus, rod-like nanoparticles are preferred in many applications. However, their synthesis is more complicated than the synthesis of nanospheres since the