Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• by water, and, indeed, a broad peak centered around 3400 cm−1, characteristic of liquid water, is present [26]. Water on the dimannoside can adsorb in a multitude of orientations. This averaging results in a low signal. Figure 5 provides a sketch of the principal ideas. VSFG experiments were repeated

• virtually unchanged, while the signals near 3400 cm−1, characteristic of liquid water, are nearly absent. It is important to note that the OD stretch of liquid D2O lies outside the probing frequency window. Interestingly, under the experimental conditions, H2O molecules in the topmost water layer appear

• scales of the liquid evaporation and the particle movement: The solvent evaporates so slowly that particles move over at least mesoscale distances, thus allowing for aggregation in the ring [33]. In our research, the deposition protocol may have influenced the observed phenomena. The hydrophilic APDMES

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• and polydispersity index below 0.2 and remained stable for 60 days. The ME was gelled with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, while vitamin E and Liquid Germall® Plus were incorporated as antioxidant and preservative agents, respectively, yielding the final topical gel formulation. Cytocompatibility

• compromising droplet stability [37]. Vitamin E at 0.05% w/w was included as a lipophilic antioxidant to protect the unsaturated fatty acids in OPS oil from oxidative degradation, thereby improving formulation stability [38]. Additionally, 0.2% of Liquid Germall® Plus was selected as a broad-spectrum

• , key attributes for dermatological applications. For topical administration, the base microemulsion was supplemented with vitamin E and Liquid Germall® Plus and subsequently gelled with NaCMC, resulting in a pseudoplastic system with suitable viscosity for skin application. In cytocompatibility assays

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• include topographic step-like distortions and sudden phase-contrast inversions arising from bistable transitions between co-existing oscillation states, which complicate data interpretation [13][14][15][16][17]. Additionally, operational complexity escalates in liquid environments, where low-quality

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• high surface area and customizable chiral environments. A highly important and highly developed area of application of chiral materials possessing a high surface area is chromatography [11][12][13]. Techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [13] and gas chromatography [14] are

• extensive description of the enormous progress of liquid chromatography with chiral, stationary phases made over several decades [18]. The author analyzes that a molecular understanding of the recognition mechanisms on chiral surfaces is still scarce, particularly regarding dynamic aspects. Meanwhile

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• for effective pharmaceutical use, βCp is often formulated within lipid liquid dispersions, such as nanoemulsions, to enhance its stability and improve therapeutic properties [35][36][37][38]. While lipid nanosystems offer undeniable advances for the delivery of active compounds, their inherent liquid

• before and after washing, were immersed in liquid nitrogen and fractured using tweezers. The fractured samples were mounted on 45 degree stubs to capture cross-sectional images without requiring the sample holder to be moved. Confocal microscopy Confocal microscopy was conducted to observe the

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• stage of the development of laser ablation in liquids from the perspective of shape control of the forming nanomaterials. The key parameters influencing the NP shape are highlighted, including the composition of a liquid, laser focusing conditions and introduction of external fields, and the mechanism

• progress in the pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) field has been achieved by getting new insights into the process of laser ablation, its stages, and mechanisms allowing to significantly boost the productivity and reach gram-scale NP production [1][4]. Another direction of the research is the control

• (nanosecond), this interaction should be taken into account, resulting in the ionization and heating of the ejected material. The initial stages of interaction of a laser beam with a solid target are strongly dependent on laser pulse duration and fluence, surrounding liquid, target morphology and composition

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• [64]. Various classes of natural products and secondary metabolites have been evaluated, with a particular focus on plant essential oils and their constituents [65][66]. Essential oils in vector control Essential oils are hydrophobic, aromatic, volatile liquid compounds mainly secreted by glandular

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• from 0–600 mM, using a Slide-A-Lyzer™ MINI dialysis device, 10K MWCO (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Samples were incubated at 25 °C for up to 21 days, removed at intervals, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80 °C for further analysis Transmission electron microscopy A 10 µL aliquot of

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• liquid was removed with filter paper, and the samples were counterstained with 2.5% uranyl acetate (w/v). The grids were then dried under vacuum for 24 h before TEM analysis. Long-term stability test The long-term stability of the nanoformulations was assessed by storing the samples in hermetically

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• , Hamburg, Germany) and a razor blade. One end of the pillars was then glued to special sample holders using a UV-cured liquid plastic welding system (Bondic BC4000, VIKO UG, Kranzberg, Germany). Each tissue sample was then imaged at a special synchrotron radiation-based nano-holotomography setup at the

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• –gas, solid–liquid, and liquid–gas interfaces in situ and under operando conditions. In this review, we highlight exemplary APXPS experiments conducted in different environments to study solid–gas and solid–liquid interfaces. APXPS at MAX IV is making a considerable contribution in various scientific

• environment, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is another field particularly developed at MAX IV. Also, the ultrahigh brightness of MAX IV ring, joined with in-house developments, make feasible in the soft X-ray regime, experiments accessing liquid layers and their interfaces with solids, opening up to completely

• permanently installed endstation dedicated to APXPS, that is, one for solid–gas experiments (SGE) and one primarily, but not limited to, for solid–liquid studies (SLE). The optics provide a spot size of 65 µm × 25 µm on the SGE and 60 µm × 50 µm on the SLE and a resolving power up to 35000. The SGE branch

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• –vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-3150, Shimadzu, Japan). The concentration of OFL was determined using a Nexera LC-40D XR ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system (SHIMADZU, Japan). A Pyris 1 TGA instrument (USA) was used to carry out the thermogravimetric (TG) investigations

• -first-order kinetic model, as determined by Equation 3: The concentration of OFL was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a C18 column maintained at 30 °C. The UV–vis detector was calibrated to a wavelength of 292 nm. The mobile phase consisted of a 15:85 ratio of methanol to 0.8

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• Abstract In this study, silicon nanoparticles (NPs) were produced by pulsed laser ablation in a liquid, aiming to investigate the influence of a laser beam profile on the properties of the resultant NPs. Morphology, inner structure, and phase composition of the formed NPs were characterized by means of

• to alter the properties and morphology of NPs by changing the laser parameters and liquid media [10][11]. The control over the major characteristics of the produced nanomaterials can be achieved by adjustment of several experimental parameters, for example, laser wavelength, fluence, pulse width

• , repetition rate, and liquid composition. The parameters of the ablated target, such as its optical characteristics and conductivity/resistivity, might also have a pronounced impact on size and morphology of the produced NPs. As demonstrated in [12], femtosecond laser ablation of silicon with varying

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• using 30 mL of distilled water through a ring-opening mechanism [51]. Then, 0.4 g of freshly prepared MA was mixed with 3.0 g of a DES synthesized by the reaction of choline chloride and zinc chloride in a 1:2 molar ratio under continuous stirring at room temperature until a homogeneous liquid was

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• also touches upon the phenomenon of laser-induced defects in liquid environments. While numerous comprehensive reviews on these topics already exist, this article aims to offer a succinct overview of the fundamental principles and applications of these techniques [1]. The focus is on providing a

• [12]. The size, shape, and composition of these nanomaterials can be controlled by adjusting experimental parameters such as laser settings, liquid medium, and target material. Additionally, the preparation of doped and multicomponent semiconductor nanostructures could expand LAL’s potential in

• combinatorial library of constituents and interactions [15], understanding of these processes remains insufficient. Yan et al. outline a comprehensive mechanistic scenario of PLAL, highlighting the interactions between photons, liquid molecules, solid targets, and laser-induced particles [8]. The formation

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• spreading 25 µL bacterial liquid on each plate. The sterilized membranes were then placed on the top of the plate containing the attached bacterial strain and then incubated at 28 °C for 24 h. The antibacterial efficacy of each membrane was assessed by measuring the size of the inhibition zone against

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• ]. To address these issues, researchers have developed nanostructured lipid carriers, which incorporate liquid lipids into a solid lipid matrix, resulting in improved drug loading capacity and stability [75]. In summary, SLNs have garnered significant attention as a promising drug delivery system

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• systems. The EE of liposomes, which determines the amount of drug loaded into the vesicles, can be evaluated by various analytical methods. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) are widely used methods to quantify the encapsulated drug [110][125]. HPLC separates

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• a 75% ethanol solution. The mixture was stirred on a mechanical shaker for 2 h and allowed to stand in the dark for 24 h. The liquid was then centrifuged at 5000 rpm (LKP, Brazil). Aliquots of 1 mL of the ethanolic phase were used for analysis. The calibration curve was constructed using the

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• a bleaching stage were used to extract cellulose from the straw. In the first acid hydrolysis step, the cellulose was treated with 62% H2SO4 solution at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:12 (g·mL−1), continuously stirred at a temperature of 40–42 °C for 2 h. The reaction was then quenched by 10-fold

Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems

• Michelly de Sá Matsuoka,
• Giovanna Carla Cadini Ruiz,
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi and
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89

• aggregation, and improve bioavailability in aqueous media [5][16]. Additionally, at high concentrations, P407 can transition into more complex nanostructured systems, such as hydrogels and lyotropic liquid crystals, providing additional control over drug release and stability. The thermosensitive and self

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• encapsulation efficiency is estimated to be ≥99% within the detection limits of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods applied, indicating a highly effective incorporation of the rotenoids into the nanochitosan matrix. In addition to the high encapsulation

• important parameter for assessing nanoparticle stability and biodistribution. Typically, particles acquire an electric charge at the shear plane when dispersed in a liquid, which is reflected by their zeta potential, that is key to understanding dispersion and aggregation processes in nanoformulations. Zeta

• of 1 cm−1 and an accumulation of 35 scans per spectrum. A compressive force of 15 N was applied to the samples during measurement to ensure proper contact with the ATR crystal surface. Quantification of rotenoids by high-performance liquid chromatography The quantification of rotenoids was performed

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• concentration and before the previous deposition of 5 μL on the PLL-coated substrate. A liquid cell was assembled to measure changes in bacterial membrane rigidity response when transitioning between different solutions. Once inside the fluid cell chamber, bacteria were imaged and tested in PBS solution and

• exchanged in situ in the liquid chamber of the AFM and allowed to settle. This time was about 5 min; therefore, is quite above the reaction time of PA to complete the osmolyte release. In our study, measurements were performed once these tension-triggered channels had already dissipated the exceeding