Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• nanoparticles on the external surface of sepiolite fibres. The resulting ZnO–Fe3O4@sepiolite nanoarchitecture exhibits photoactivity due to the ZnO NPs, and the presence of magnetite NPs facilitates the recovery by the use of a magnet (Figure 4) [133]. Moreover, the presence of iron oxide could be useful also

• isopropoxide; reprinted with permission from [109], copyright 2008 American Chemical Society. ZnO-Fe3O4@sepiolite nanoarchitecture prepared in two steps: First, the fiber clay is modified by assembly of magnetite NPs. After that, the ZnO NPs are added yielding a magnetic photocatalyst. The STEM images on the

• right shows the silicate component (red), the magnetite NPs (green) and the ZnO NPs (blue) analyzed with an EDAX detector and a Gatan Tridiem energy filter; reprinted with permission from [133], copyright 2017 Elsevier. (A) TEM image of the Pt–TiO2@sepiolite clay nanoarchitectures prepared by a

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• , phenolic compounds with a higher number of hydroxy groups have enhanced ROS scavenging capability. In addition to low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds of natural origin, some inorganic nanoparticles also have antioxidant properties, e.g., zinc, cerium, magnesium oxide, magnetite, and silver [6][7][8][9

• functional groups. In this study, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthetized by coprecipitation of iron(II) chloride and iron(III) chloride with ammonia and subsequently oxidized with hydrogen peroxide under mild acidic conditions. The resulting maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) has the benefit of higher chemical

• heated to 70 °C for 10 min, and 25% NH4OH (10 mL) in water (25 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture was heated at 90 °C for 1 h, and the particles were washed with water four times (50 mL for each wash) and dispersed in water (200 mL). To oxidize magnetite, 37% hydrochloric acid (150 µL) in water (5 mL

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a saturable absorber for giant chirped pulse generation

• Ji-Shu Liu,
• Xiao-Hui Li,
• Abdul Qyyum,
• Yi-Xuan Guo,
• Tong Chai,
• Hua Xu and
• Jie Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.107

• ultrafast recovery time of 18–30 ps [3]. FONPs can be classified as a semiconductor material (with a band gap of ≈0.3 eV), which can be modulated by tuning the nanoparticle diameter [4]. For the magnetite (Fe3O4) material of anti-spinel structure, Fe(II) and Fe(III) of the octahedral position of the crystal

Magnetic field-assisted assembly of iron oxide mesocrystals: a matter of nanoparticle shape and magnetic anisotropy

• Julian J. Brunner,
• Marina Krumova,
• Helmut Cölfen and
• Elena V. Sturm (née Rosseeva)

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 894–900, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.90

• driven by competing of two types of anisotropic interactions caused by particle shape (i.e., faceting) and orientation of the magnetic moment (i.e., easy axes: <111>magnetite). Hence, these findings provide a fundamental understanding of formation mechanisms and structuring of mesocrystals built up from

• superparamagnetic nanoparticles and how a magnetic field can be used to design anisotropic mesocrystals with different structures. Keywords: directed assembly; magnetite; mesocrystal; nanoparticle; transmission electron microscopy; Findings In materials science, nanoparticles and their assemblies belong to the

• hot research topics nowadays [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. One reason is that their properties can strongly differ from the physical and chemical properties of their corresponding bulk material [8][9][10]. As a matter of fact, magnetite bulk single crystals are ferrimagnetic, while magnetite nanocrystals

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• magnetite nanoparticles into γ-maghemite (mag) nanoparticles. The cerium ion attaches to the nanoparticle, producing surface defects (an Fe–O–[CeLn] bond is formed). The cerium-doped maghemite nanoparticles are more stable than the non-doped ones, which tend to aggregate. In addition to the stabilization

• . Then, a concentrated (24 wt %) NH4OH solution (750 µL) was added, resulting in the immediate formation of a black precipitate of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. Sonication was continued for an additional 10 min. The liquid was decanted with the help of magnetic separation, using a 0.5 T magnet. The

• to the decanted magnetite NPs, followed by the addition of degassed purified water (18 mL). The resulting mixture was ultrasonicated for 30 min under nitrogen using a high-power sonicator, then transferred into 50 mL Amicon® Ultra-15 centrifugal filter tubes (100KD, Millipore, Cork, Ireland). The

Heating ability of magnetic nanoparticles with cubic and combined anisotropy

• Nikolai A. Usov,
• Mikhail S. Nesmeyanov,
• Elizaveta M. Gubanova and
• Natalia B. Epshtein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 305–314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.29

• , Moscow, Russia National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, 115409, Moscow, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.10.29 Abstract The low frequency hysteresis loops and specific absorption rate (SAR) of assemblies of magnetite nanoparticles with cubic anisotropy are calculated in the diameter range of D = 20–60 nm

• taking into account both thermal fluctuations of the particle magnetic moments and strong magneto–dipole interaction in assemblies of fractal-like clusters of nanoparticles. Similar calculations are also performed for assemblies of slightly elongated magnetite nanoparticles having combined magnetic

• . However, the ability of magnetic nanoparticle assemblies to generate heat can be improved if the nanoparticles are covered by nonmagnetic shells of appreciable thickness. Keywords: fractal clusters; magnetite nanoparticles; magneto–dipole interaction; numerical simulation; specific absorption rate

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• and agarose phantom systems) showed the best characteristics for application as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging and for local heating using magnetic particle hyperthermia. Due to the octahedral shape and the large saturation magnetization of the magnetite particles, we obtained an

• hyperthermia; magnetic resonance imaging; nanomagnetism; theranostics; Introduction Biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) are anticipated to provide new noninvasive therapies and early diagnostics for previously incurable diseases using a single, so-called “theranostics” platform [1][2][3]. The magnetic

• -Fe2O3 and magnetite, to high-quality stoichiometric Fe3O4. We find a size-dependent transition from superparamagnetic to a stable ferrimagnetic response, a bulk-like saturation magnetization, and observe the Verwey transition at 123 K – all of which result in the superior magnetic properties for a

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• , since they yield hydrophilic particles that are mildly polydisperse and do not need any transfer in water. The advantage of maghemite over magnetite consists in its chemical stability [22]. Moreover, the particles exhibited superparamagnetic behavior as documented in our previous paper [23]. This

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• nanocellulose surfaces can improve their function as magnetite-based adsorbents for arsenic removal. It is proven that amino groups accessible for iron coordination result in a larger number of adsorption sites on the nanocellulose surface as compared to MFC. In addition, nanocellulose has also been proposed as

• magnetic field. As a result, magnetic nanomaterials have drawn increasing attention. Nanocellulose incorporated with other magnetic nanomaterials is presented as an excellent composite adsorbent with magnetic properties. For example, a core–shell cellulose magnetite (Fe3O4) polymeric ionic liquid magnetic

• -absorbing materials in order to protect cellulosic fibres from UV bleaching [128]. An et al. [129] claimed that the prepared nano-fibrillated cellulose/magnetite/titanium dioxide nanocomposites had a higher photocatalytic hydrogen generation rate as compared to the nano-fibrillated cellulose/titanium

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• /diatomite. These peaks match well with the (220), (311), (400), (422), (511) and (440) plane spacings of cubic magnetite (JCPDS file No. 19-0629), suggesting the Fe3O4 nanoparticles are successfully coating the surface of diatomite [21]. In addition, the characteristic peaks of magnetite have a large FWHM

• . However, the original characteristic peaks of magnetite are weakened. This indicates that the nano-MnO2 covering on the Fe3O4/diatomite is of low crystallinity or amorphous. Figure 2 shows the FTIR spectra of purified diatomite, Fe3O4/diatomite and MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite. The broad peaks at 3400 and 1630 cm

• nanoparticles [28]. The marked lattice fringe spacing of 0.28 nm in the HRTEM images (inset) is corresponding to the (331) planes of cubic magnetite [29]. Figure 4b shows the TEM images of MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite, the nanoparticles on the surface are fully covered by a layer of rough 3D structured material. As

Magnetic properties of Fe₃O₄ antidot arrays synthesized by AFIR: atomic layer deposition, focused ion beam and thermal reduction

• Juan L. Palma,
• Alejandro Pereira,
• Raquel Álvaro,
• José Miguel García-Martín and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1728–1734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.164

• .9.164 Abstract Magnetic films of magnetite (Fe3O4) with controlled defects, so-called antidot arrays, were synthesized by a new technique called AFIR. AFIR consists of the deposition of a thin film by atomic layer deposition, the generation of square and hexagonal arrays of holes using focused ion beam

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• ]. Generally, biocompatible magnetite (Fe3O4), iron oxide, iron sulfides and maghemite (Fe2O3) are synthesized using magnetotactic bacteria [156][157] that helps in targeted cancer treatment via magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), DNA analysis and gene therapy [158]. Moreover, surface

Enzymatically promoted release of organic molecules linked to magnetic nanoparticles

• Chiara Lambruschini,
• Silvia Villa,
• Luca Banfi,
• Fabio Canepa,
• Fabio Morana,
• Annalisa Relini,
• Paola Riani,
• Renata Riva and
• Fulvio Silvetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 986–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.92

• Chiara Lambruschini Silvia Villa Luca Banfi Fabio Canepa Fabio Morana Annalisa Relini Paola Riani Renata Riva Fulvio Silvetti Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31 16146 Genova, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.9.92 Abstract Magnetite-based magnetic

• decided not to bind a real drug, but simply a fluorescent molecule, in order to facilitate analysis of enzymatic cleavage and obtain the first proof of concept of the enzymatic release of a small organic molecule bound to a magnetic nanoparticle. Results and Discussion Magnetite nanoparticles were

• azelate-linked conjugate 13. Figure 3B reports the fluorescence spectra for this compound and for unconjugated 12. Finally, the infrared spectra of both 9 and 13 are reported in Figure 4 and compared with the spectra of NP@APTES and of magnetite. Although a broadening of the peaks is observed, the signals

Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• Abstract In this work, we analyze artificial heavy-metal solutions with ferrite nanoparticles. Measurements of adsorption effectiveness of different kinds of particles, pure magnetite or magnetite doped with calcium, cobalt, manganese, or nickel ions, were carried out. A dependence of the adsorption

• ] and also magnetic nanoparticles [13][14] usually doped with other elements (e.g., Ca, Mn) [15][16] have been tested for this purpose. Therefore, detailed studies on adsorption efficiency on doped magnetite nanoparticles are very interesting and innovative in order to understand the importance of core

• composition and surface modification. The aim of the study is to examine the efficiency of adsorption of heavy metals in artificial solutions on doped magnetite nanoparticles (Ca, Co, Mn, Ni) surface-modified with PA, SA, AA, 3-PPA or 16-PHDA linkers. Experimental Reagents and solutions Chemicals used in this

Anchoring Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating

• Błażej Scheibe,
• Radosław Mrówczyński,
• Natalia Michalak,
• Karol Załęski,
• Michał Matczak,
• Mateusz Kempiński,
• Zuzanna Pietralik,
• Mikołaj Lewandowski,
• Stefan Jurga and
• Feliks Stobiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55

• Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.9.55 Abstract Reduced graphene oxide–magnetite hybrid aerogels attract great interest thanks to their potential applications, e.g., as

• magnetic actuators. However, the tendency of magnetite particles to migrate within the matrix and, ultimately, escape from the aerogel structure, remains a technological challenge. In this article we show that coating magnetite particles with polydopamine anchors them on graphene oxide defects

• , immobilizing the particles in the matrix and, at the same time, improving the aerogel structure. Polydopamine coating does not affect the magnetic properties of magnetite particles, making the fabricated materials promising for industrial applications. Keywords: aerogel; composite; Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Atomic layer deposition and properties of ZrO₂/Fe₂O₃ thin films

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Helina Seemen,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Mihkel Rähn,
• Aile Tamm,
• Kaupo Kukli,
• Aarne Kasikov,
• Joosep Link,
• Raivo Stern,
• Salvador Dueñas,
• Helena Castán and
• Héctor García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 119–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.14

• Fe2O3 phases do not possess lattice structure, allowing commensurate growth on TiN. The epitaxial relationship between magnetite (Fe3O4) and titanium nitride might be considered [41], but magnetite was not recognized in this study in the XRD patterns and, most importantly, the very first layers

Dynamic behavior of a nematic liquid crystal mixed with CoFe₂O₄ ferromagnetic nanoparticles in a magnetic field

• Emil Petrescu,
• Cristina Cirtoaje and
• Cristina Stan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2467–2473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.246

• higher Fréedericksz threshold [11][12]. The unique properties of nanoparticles open new development directions not only in materials science, but also in electronics, providing considerable improvement [13]. Liquid crystals, largely used for displays, are now mixed with nanoparticles such as magnetite

Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages

• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,
• Sandor Balog,
• Ana Milosevic,
• Dominic Urban,
• Diana Peckys,
• Niels de Jonge,
• Wolfgang J. Parak,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239

• ][45], and characterisation are provided in Supporting Information File 1 (Figures S1–S13). Please note that the synthesis protocol employed for the iron oxide NPs has been reported to yield maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), but as no experimental verification was applied to exclude formation of magnetite (Fe3O4

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• [11][12][13][14]. However, the direct-deposition protocols are mainly suitable for covering γ-Fe2O3 NPs. The formation of a gold shell on magnetite (Fe3O4) or ferrite surfaces through reduction of chloroauric acid by citrates or borohydride is usually problematic due to the formation of pure gold

• attachment of gold species. In recent publications amino acids such as methionine [19] and lysine [24] have been reported to be effective capping agents to control the size of magnetite [19] and Co ferrite [24] NPs during co-precipitation synthesis [25]. The main goal of the methionine capping was the

• specific targeting ligands, such as aptamers and antibodies. This synthesis way may also be explored in future to design superparamagnetic, methionine-stabilized plasmonic magnetite NPs decorated with Au0/Au+1 QDs. Experimental Chemicals: All chemicals, including Co(II) and Fe(III) chlorides, and HAuCl4

Synthesis of [Fe(L_eq)(L_ax)]_n coordination polymer nanoparticles using blockcopolymer micelles

• Christoph Göbel,
• Ottokar Klimm,
• Florian Puchtler,
• Sabine Rosenfeldt,
• Stephan Förster and
• Birgit Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1318–1327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.133

• (mostly magnetite) [12]. For coordination polymers (CP) or networks a limited amount of methods are applicable because of the very demanding reaction conditions and/or incompatible reactants. Recently we demonstrated that the use of block copolymers (BCPs) is a highly promising and easy approach for the

Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Magdalena Rogowska,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

• of main importance while its application is considered. Therefore, in this paper, we selected four types of ferrite nanoparticles (magnetite, and magnetite doped with Ni, Co, or Mn elements, respectively), and studies on the immobilization of biologically active particles were done. For this purpose

• ], it was expected that the crystal structure of magnetite/maghemite would remain unchanged and the Me ions would relocate rather randomly in the Fe crystallographic positions. There are no traces of any crystalline separation which would be observed as extra diffraction peaks. Therefore, it is

• in comparison to pure magnetite (see Figure 3). The reason why the line width has changed is also due to the combination of few significant contributions: variable composition, local stress, modification of the cell size, etc. [19][20]. All these influences shape the diffractograms in an important

From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles

• Mihail Iacob,
• Carmen Racles,
• Codrin Tugui,
• George Stiubianu,
• Adrian Bele,
• Liviu Sacarescu,
• Daniel Timpu and
• Maria Cazacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2074–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.198

• , magnetite is ferromagnetic when the particle diameter is larger than 15 nm and superparamagnetic when smaller [8]. Zhen et al. demonstrate that cubic nanoparticles have higher saturation magnetization and T2 relaxation than spherical nanoparticles of the same size [9]. Magnetic nanoparticles with flat

• , Figure S5b) were assigned to magnetite (JCPDS 190629). Thus, the possibility to obtain magnetite nanoparticles from a mixed-valence iron acetate cluster has been demonstrated. In this procedure, small monodisperse nanoparticles were separated from polydisperse ones by a simple filtration. Preparation

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• –magnetic particles confirms not only the crystallinity of the nanostructures but also the presence of gold in the synthesized nanocomposite. The XRD result shows six significant reflections of the (220), (311), (422), (511), (440), and (533) plane spacings of the magnetite phase with spinel structure

Nanoanalytics for materials science

• Thilo Glatzel and
• Tom Wirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1674–1675, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.159

• applied to investigate magnetite nanoparticles by Kalska-Szostka et al. [4]. TEM was also used in the work of Gutsch et al. who developed a novel energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) approach using ultrathin TEM membranes [5]. With this method, they were able to accurately study the

Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases

• Oihane K. Arriortua,
• Eneko Garaio,
• Borja Herrero de la Parte,
• Maite Insausti,
• Luis Lezama,
• Fernando Plazaola,
• Jose Angel García,
• Jesús M. Aizpurua,
• Maialen Sagartzazu,
• Mireia Irazola,
• Nestor Etxebarria,
• Ignacio García-Alonso,
• Alberto Saiz-López and
• José Javier Echevarria-Uraga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1532–1542, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.147

• alternating magnetic field in order to achieve hyperthermia. The evolution of an in vivo model has been described, resulting in a significant reduction in tumor viability. Keywords: magnetite nanoparticles; magnetic hyperthermia; RGD functionalization; tumor targeting; Introduction Colorectal liver

• . Magnetite-based systems are an interesting alternative due to the relatively high saturation magnetization, magnetic anisotropy, and lack of toxicity, together with the possibility of tailoring the dimensions, parameters which strongly influence the specific adsorption rate (SAR) [15][16][17]. Additionally

• an improvement in the selectivity of the reaction [31]. In this paper, a successive addition synthesis by a thermal decomposition method has been employed to obtain oleic acid and oleylamine-capped magnetite nanoparticles with defined sizes [32][33][34]. Nevertheless, these high quality, organic