Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• -octanol to aqueous phase significantly increased. A large number of nuclei was formed in the porous surface and diffused through the porous material to react with the Zn ions. The ZIF-8 membrane turned to be thick and grew with nanoscale crystals. Based on the above results, the optimal ZIF-8 membranes

The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG

• Yiru Wang,
• Xin Zhao,
• Yang Liu and
• Wenjun Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25

• nanomorphology; triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG); Introduction Energy plays a vital role in human society. It is an important material basis for human activities and promotes scientific and technological development and economic growth. The current rapid economic development almost completely relies on non

• principles of TENGs converting mechanical energy into electrical energy are the friction electrification effect and the electrostatic induction principle. When two materials with different electronegativity are physically contacted, positive and negative electrostatic charges are generated on each material

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• cone, directed to a grounded substrate positioned below the cone. The ejected material dissociated into nanodroplets. After rapid solvent evaporation and solidification of non-volatile components, solid nanoparticles were deposited on the substrate. The reaction between lysine groups and NHS ester

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• ]. The most commonly used material in resistive switching devices is TiO2−x [33][34][35][36][37][38]. In addition to the oxide layers, the material used for metal electrodes plays another crucial role in the resistive switching mechanism. Usually, materials such as Au, Ag, Ni, Ti, W, TiN, or ITO are used

• Lite). Additionally, circular 1 mm gold pads were evaporated on top of the prepared structure to allow for electrical characterization. The average material composition of the gradient thin film was determined using X-ray microanalysis employing an EDAX Genesis energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) as

• part of the FESEM FEI Nova NanoSEM 230 scanning electron microscope. The content of Ti and Cu in the entire volume of the thin film was estimated to be 48 atom % and 52 atom %, respectively. Additionally, the material composition was determined without taking oxygen into account, and no unintentional

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• immersion time due to the development of defects in the surface film [40][41]. The increase in the friction coefficient of the outer layer indicates the growth of the outer layer with increasing immersion time. More material of possibly higher shear strength is in contact with the sliding tip, which

Surfactant-free syntheses and pair distribution function analysis of osmium nanoparticles

• Mikkel Juelsholt,
• Jonathan Quinson,
• Emil T. S. Kjær,
• Baiyu Wang,
• Rebecca Pittkowski,
• Susan R. Cooper,
• Tiffany L. Kinnibrugh,
• Søren B. Simonsen,
• Luise Theil Kuhn,
• María Escudero-Escribano and
• Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 230–235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.17

• , in fact, have little influence on the resulting size of the Os NPs, which in all cases is 1–2 nm. The synthesis product does not appear to be affected by the choice of the precursor material, as seen when comparing products obtained from OsCl3 and H2OsCl6 (e.g., Figures S6 and S7, Supporting

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• electrically characterized before use to rule out material artifacts. Only nanogaps with a resistance above 10 TΩ were employed for further experiments. Representative SEM images of empty nanogaps, Ru(TP)2-complex wire devices and Ru(MPTP)2–AuNP devices are given in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• , inorganic, or organometallic material whose chemical, physical, and/or electrical properties change as a function of the size and shape of the material. Nanomaterials are designed at the atomic or molecular level, and most of the therapeutic nanoparticles (nps) are usually between 10 and 100 nm in size so

• providing new and innovative medical solutions. About 1300 nanomaterials are currently available worldwide, with TiO2 being the second most abundantly used material in our day-to-day life. Advancement in nanotechnology has resulted in the fabrication of different forms of TiO2 nanostructures, such as

• fulfill the specifications of implantation technologies better than other metallic materials, such as stainless steel, CrCo alloys, and tantalum [10]. The growth and the volume of the bone surrounding the implant material are the major factors for successful implant treatment, minimizing infection or

Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement

• Zafar Javed,
• Lybah Rafiq,
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer,
• Saqib Siddiqui,
• Muhammad Babar Ramzan,
• Muhammad Qamar Khan and
• Muhammad Salman Naeem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14

• , monofilaments, and powder. This material is trending in textile-based research where different researchers are working to manufacture smart textiles to generate energy [22][23]. Nanofibers have many technical applications such as in air and liquid filtration [24][25], tissue engineering [26][27], drug delivery

• compared with the current state of the art. To the best of our knowledge, the PVDF-based nanofibrous device developed in this study is superior to previously reported ones. Experimental Materials Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) obtained from Alfa Aesar was used as a piezoelectric material. Dimethylformamide

• , the polymeric material PVDF was used for the development of a piezoelectric nanofibrous sensor. SEM and XRD analyses were performed to determine morphology and crystalline phases of the developed nanofibers, respectively. The SEM analysis of nanofibers confirmed smooth, defect-free, and uniform fibers

Theoretical understanding of electronic and mechanical properties of 1T′ transition metal dichalcogenide crystals

• Seyedeh Alieh Kazemi,
• Sadegh Imani Yengejeh,
• Vei Wang,
• William Wen and
• Yun Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 160–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.11

• 83 GPa, respectively. Microhardness is a parameter that indicates the resistance of the material against compression of the contacting part. Our results show that the microhardness values are relatively similar. Disulfides possess a slightly larger microhardness. Interestingly, the Poisson’s ratio

• values of all TMDs are comparatively similar, which are about 0.2. The Poisson’s ratio measures the deformation in the material in a direction perpendicular to the applied force. Our results suggest that the average deformations of TMDs are similar in directions perpendicular to the direction of loading

• . The ratio of bulk modulus over shear modulus (B/G) could be used to evaluate the ductility and brittleness of a material [50]. If the value of this ratio is higher than 1.75, the material behaves in a ductile manner, if below 1.75 it behaves in a brittle manner. Based on the result illustrated in

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• fiber functionalization through blending the functionalizing material with the polymer prior to electrospinning, post-spinning surface functionalization, or the use of a coaxial electrospinning setup make electrospinning a superior technique for membrane fabrication [2]. The smaller size endows the

• membrane from PEO and CS with immobilized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and Fe3O4 for the efficient removal of mercury ions from water [61]. The synergistic effect of nanofibrous polymer material and inorganic nanoparticles resulted in a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 148 mg/g. The Hg2+ sorption

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• suspension [43]. The formed structure was covered with a hydrophobic polymer material layer, that is, polydimethylsiloxane of a specified thickness, which serves as a sensitive layer and mechanically protects the CCA. Sensors with a glass carrier have better optical characteristics but are inferior to

• polymer regarding material strength. Method Figure 8a shows the scheme of the experimental equipment. It consists of the spectrophotometer “eye-one Pro” and a peripheral device, which is made of black composite material based on epoxy resins for visible-light absorption and to elude backward reflection

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• attracted particular attention in the last years. Many of the different approaches are using hemoglobin as a starting material to produce hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC). Thus, hemoglobin from human and animal (especially bovine) sources or recombinant hemoglobin is used, which can then be

• human hemoglobin, it is available in large quantities and free of human pathogens. A comprehensive concept for the biosafety of the bovine hemoglobin as a pharmaceutical starting material has been developed considering the recommendations from the local authorities (Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen

• obtained from it are tested for bacterial load. In addition, the hemoglobin is tested for endotoxins before its use as a starting material. Only if all specifications are met, the hemoglobin is used for the fabrication of hemoglobin microparticles (HbMP) by the means of the CCD technique [11][12]. During

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• working scheme of semiconductor photocatalysts for NO oxidation. Light generates holes (h+) in the valence band (VB) and electrons (e–) in the conduction band (CB) of the photocatalytic material. Electrons at the material surface will react with oxygen molecules to form superoxide radicals (•O2

• vacancy defects (OVs) [15][16]. Therefore, SnO2 is considered a potential material in various technological fields such as catalysis, optoelectronic devices, rechargeable lithium batteries, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, solar energy conversion, and gas sensing [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In the

• catalytic area, SnO2 is an emerging material for removing contaminants such as organic dyes, phenolic compounds, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) due to strongly oxidizing properties thanks to flexible energy band structure, rich defects, good chemical, and high thermal stability, and easily controlled

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Rouhollah Khodadust,
• Ozlem Unal and
• Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

• performed at magnetic mode indicated particles of approx. 20 nm in size, which suggests a slight particle aggregation (Figure 1b). According to the literature, it is usually not uncommon to obtain different results using AFM and TEM analysis. However, due to a higher resolution and material-related

Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film

• Rahil Hosseinifar,
• Evangelos Golias,
• Ivar Kumberg,
• Quentin Guillet,
• Karl Frischmuth,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Mario Fix,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Florian Kronast and
• Wolfgang Kuch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5

• to differences in the material parameters of the two samples, such as the presence or absence of the additional Co layer or the different GdFe composition, leading to different domain-wall widths or, in the frame of the model of [27], to different temperatures relative to the angular momentum

Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

• Robin Vacher and
• Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

• the polymer chains and reduces the indentation depth. Keywords: friction; graphene; molecular dynamics; polymer; Introduction Graphene is a two dimensional material that has remarkable properties, both electronic [1][2] and mechanical [3][4]. Even before anything was known about graphene, the

• -lubricating material [24]. Saravanan et al. [25] have measured the friction and wear of polymer materials such as polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyetheretherketone, and polytetrafluoroethylene [26]. Polymer balls have been rubbed on a steel surface covered with

• AFM tip. The AFM tip is rigid and consists of atoms arranged in an fcc lattice with a period of 5.43 Å, which is the crystal structure of silicon. A semisphere is cut out from this material. The tip is placed above the surface. A constant normal force is applied to the tip so that it moves towards the

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• metallic or ceramic targets over a host liquid substrate that sustains low pressures (typically in the range between 10−4 to 10−3 and 1–10 Pa). Because (i) the target material has a high purity and (ii) the host liquid plays the role of solvent and protective agent for growing NPs, the approach got a

• terminology, some works were found only by monitoring the citations of important pioneering works [10][11][12]. The next challenge after collecting the material was to make a direct comparison of the published data. Quite often, some essential experimental parameters were missing. These two problems come from

• production starts from bulk materials that leach out systematically, leading to the generation of NPs. The starting material can be reduced in size using either a physical or a chemical route. On the other hand, the “bottom-up” approach, or self-assembly, refers to building up a structure atom-by-atom or

Design aspects of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ THz sources: optimization of thermal and radiative properties

• Mikhail M. Krasnov,
• Natalia D. Novikova,
• Roger Cattaneo,
• Alexey A. Kalenyuk and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1392–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.103

• mesa and the whisker are only 1.3 K/mW at T = 20 K. This implies that a significant reduction of self-heating in whisker devices could be achieved by replacing epoxy with a better heat-conducting material, for example, by soldering [10]. For a mesa on a crystal, Figure 5, the thermal gradient is fairly

• μm. Consequently, epoxy is not the major problem for crystal devices (unless it is very thick de > 50 μm). For a real device self-heating will depend on the actual geometry, thicknesses, and material parameters. However, our analysis indicates that the optimization is much more important and

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• -conductive phase and 40 vol % FeCo2O4 as electron-conductive phase was synthesized. TEM measurements showed a relatively pure dual-phase material with only minor amounts of a tertiary (Sm,Ce)(Fe,Co)O3 perovskite phase and isolated residues of a rock salt phase at the grain boundaries. The obtained material

• microscopy; oxygen permeation; Introduction Acceptor-doped cerium dioxide, where cerium is partially substituted by cations of lower valence (most prominently Gd3+), is a fluorite material with a very high oxide ion conductivity at comparably moderate temperatures (around 600 °C). It has already been in

• focus of research for roughly 50 years [1]. The ion conductivity is combined with a moderate electron conductivity, which strongly depends on the oxygen partial pressure [2][3][4]. These features make ceria an interesting material for high-temperature industrial applications, for example, as oxygen

Chemical vapor deposition of germanium-rich CrGe_x nanowires

• Vladislav Dřínek,
• Stanislav Tiagulskyi,
• Roman Yatskiv,
• Jan Grym,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Věra Jandová,
• Martin Koštejn and
• Jaroslav Kupčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1365–1371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.100

• serve as initiation spots from which Ge NWs grow via a self-catalyzed mechanism. The Nanowires grow from the top as one can see a small nanodroplet on the top in Figure 3d. It means that growth follows a vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism [18], although the material of droplet and NW is the same. Bear

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• stage 4. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, positive mold) replicas of the leaf surfaces aided the study of the ontogenetic variation in the morphology of the ridges. Some leaf material, but only at stages 2A and 3, remained attached to the epoxy (negative mold) replicas during the replication process

• . However, in contrast to the results from Surapaneni et al. [23] on H. brasiliensis leaves, potassium hydroxide (KOH) treatment removed all the plant material from the epoxy surfaces, and thus, clean PDMS replicas from all leaf stages could be obtained. Structure of the cuticle – temporal and spatial

• and stage 3 are more than twice the values in the corresponding stages 2B and 3 (stage 2B: Rc = 0.36 µm, Rsm = 1.10 µm; stage 3: Rc = 0.42 µm, Rsm = 1.13 µm) on the leaves of the H. brasiliensis tree [23]. Surapaneni et al. [23] reported that KOH treatment was unsuccessful in removing plant material

Identifying diverse metal oxide nanomaterials with lethal effects on embryonic zebrafish using machine learning

• Richard Liam Marchese Robinson,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Xiaodong Jia,
• Marianna Kotzabasaki,
• Christiana Gousiadou,
• Stacey Lynn Harper and
• Terry Wilkins

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1297–1325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.97

• . This is restrictive, as generalization for nanomaterials with similar but non-identical chemical compositions is not possible. Subsequent studies only developed local models for ENMs with nominally the same core material, for instance, gold or zinc oxide, where only the variation in the chemical

• surface functional groups [31]. (All calculations treated the core material and surface components independently, that is, the descriptors were calculated for the surface components treated as free molecules.) Since shell and/or surface functional groups were not present for all ENMs (i.e., the ENM could

• estimated, to a first approximation, by dividing the mass-based dose by the relative mass of the formula unit of the core material, for example, ZnO. Whilst care was taken to ensure that all individual cross-validation results were not optimistically biased, by carrying out the selection of all

Cantilever signature of tip detachment during contact resonance AFM

• Devin Kalafut,
• Ryan Wagner,
• Maria Jose Cadena,
• Anil Bajaj and
• Arvind Raman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1286–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.96

• (e.g., ten in simulations of Figure 1 and Figure 3) to few or one (e.g., the first basis function of state variables and ). Tip–sample detachment is detrimental to CR-AFM measurements and imaging. Techniques that attempt to use cantilever amplitude to predict material properties depend on a unique

•  3. Supporting Information File 115: Additional AFM measurements. Supporting Information File 116: Hypothetical simulations with NNMs. Acknowledgements The first author would like to express deep gratitude to Tiffany Smith for designing and creating publication figures. Funding This material is

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Jakub Czubek,
• Katarzyna Drozdowska,
• Anna Synak,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

• luminescence properties of europium-doped titanium dioxide and tellurium oxide thin films enhanced by gold plasmonic nanostructures. We propose a new type of plasmon structure with an ultrathin dielectric film between plasmonic platform and luminescent material. Plasmonic platforms were manufactured through

• , so-called plasmonic platforms, and thin films. Among different plasmonic materials, gold nanostructures exhibit resonance in the visible range and have been extensively studied as a material for light absorption and emission improvement [4][5][6][7][8]. Titanium dioxide seems to be one of the most

• popular and widely used oxide material as matrix for rare-earth ions [9][10][11][12][13]. Tellurium dioxide can be also considered as excellent in hosting rare-earth ions because of its low phonon energy (ca. 700–800 cm−1), which allows to minimize non-radiative losses [14][15][16]. Modification of oxide