The importance of design in nanoarchitectonics: multifractality in MACE silicon nanowires

• Stefania Carapezzi and
• Anna Cavallini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2094–2102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.204

• depended on their aspect ratio. It occurred for aspect ratios greater than 1:10, while it was not observed for an aspect ratio of about 1:5. Actually, many more factors have impact on the self-assembly of arrays of nano- and microstructures with high aspect ratios, when a liquid is evaporated off the

Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity

• Sebastian Pieper,
• Hannah Onafuye,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Martin Michaelis and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201

• . However, the therapeutic window is small, and anticancer therapies are typically associated with severe side-effects [2][3]. One strategy to develop more effective cancer therapies is to use nano-sized drug delivery systems that mediate a more specific tumour accumulation of transported drugs. Tumour

• targeting can be achieved via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, which is the consequence of increased leakiness of the tumour vasculature and a lack of lymph drainage [4]. Nano-sized drug carrier systems can also prolong the circulation time of anticancer drugs, protect them from

• pH-gradient method [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as ABCB1 (also known as MDR1 or P-glycoprotein/P-gp), which efflux a range of anticancer drugs, is an important drug resistance mechanism in cancer cells [20][21]. Different nano-sized drug

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• on the preparation of bulk catalysts that are reported to be active in the transesterification reaction together with further (nano)structural modification aimed at enhancing accessibility to the active sites and improving the mass transfer characteristics for efficient reactant supply and product

Improvement of the thermoelectric properties of a MoO₃ monolayer through oxygen vacancies

• Wenwen Zheng,
• Wei Cao,
• Ziyu Wang,
• Huixiong Deng,
• Jing Shi and
• Rui Xiong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2031–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.199

• Wenwen Zheng Wei Cao Ziyu Wang Huixiong Deng Jing Shi Rui Xiong Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, School of Mathematics and Physics, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• themselves with very high resolution would be useful together with radioactivity analysis. Cesium ion sensing using a film-type optode and nano-optode sensors would satisfy the former requirements. The optode sensors designed using nanoarchitectonic concepts incorporated a calix[6]arene derivative

• , responsive dye KD-M1337, and a cation exchanger sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate. The binding of cesium ions to the calix[6]arene derivative shifts the equilibrium, resulting in color changes even in domestic water and seawater. Sonicating this optode mixture provides nano-optode sensor

Preservation of rutin nanosuspensions without the use of preservatives

• Pascal L. Stahr and
• Cornelia M. Keck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1902–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.185

• thawing might also impair the physical stability of the nanocrystals and might cause agglomeration of the particles, which would then lead to a loss of the “nano properties”. Hence, in this case the method could not be exploited to preserve nanosuspensions without preservative. To investigate whether the

• regarding size by three different and independent methods. The hydrodynamic diameter and the polydispersity (z-average (z-ave) and PdI) were analysed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) with a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Panalytical GmbH, Germany). As DLS measurements, when used as stand-alone method for the

• . Measurements were performed via laser-Doppler-anemometry (LDA) by using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Panalytical GmbH, Germany), which determines the electrophoretic mobility (EM), which was then converted into the ZP by using the Helmholtz–Smoluchowski equation [21]. Determination of antioxidant capacity: The

Fabrication and characterization of Si_1−xGe_x nanocrystals in as-grown and annealed structures: a comparative study

• Muhammad Taha Sultan,
• Adrian Valentin Maraloiu,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Jón Tómas Gudmundsson,
• Andrei Manolescu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Magdalena Lidia Ciurea and
• Halldór Gudfinnur Svavarsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.182

• as-grown structure. The first one corresponds to the (111) planes of SiGe and the second one to the (220) and (311) planes, which overlap indicating the presence of (nano)crystallites [22]. In Figure 1b, a deconvolution of diffractogram for the as-grown MLs was achieved using Origin software (ver

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• ), followed by negative staining with 2% phosphotungstic acid. The mean hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of the nanoprobes were measured with a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern, UK) instrument. The quantitative measurement of the Fe content in PNPs was conducted by inductively coupled plasma

Microfluidic manufacturing of different niosomes nanoparticles for curcumin encapsulation: Physical characteristics, encapsulation efficacy, and drug release

• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Ibrahim Khadra,
• Abdullah Albaloushi,
• Margaret Mullin,
• Hanin Alyamani and
• Valerie A. Ferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1826–1832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.177

• average particle size (ZAverage) and the PDI of the niosomes with and without the curcumin was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a Zetasizer Nano-ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK). All the samples were diluted at 1/20 using deionised water and the measurements in triplicate were taken at 25

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• Zagreb, Croatia 10.3762/bjnano.10.175 Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the nano–bio interactions between endogenous biothiols (cysteine and glutathione) with biomedically relevant, metallic nanoparticles (silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)), in order to assess the

• . Keywords: biocompatibility; cysteine; ecotoxicity; glutathione; nano–bio interactions; nanosafety; nanotoxicity; Introduction Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) such as silver and gold have been employed in a wide range of products and applications in the biomedical field owing to their remarkable physico

• ) database on November 11th 2018 using the search terms “nano*” and “medic*” yielded a total of 63,032 papers. Out of those, silver was reported in 6,004 papers (9.5%) and gold in 8,757 (13.9%), revealing that these two types of NPs alone are represented by almost one quarter of all published studies on

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• administration through different routes [29][30]. NLCs represent a smart generation of lipid nanoparticles, being based on a blend of solid and liquid lipids that creates a disordered nano-matrix, able to load higher amounts of lipophilic molecules than SLNs and avoiding leakage during storage [31][32][33][34

• acronyms are reported in Table 3. Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) analysis Submicrometer particle analysis was performed using a Zetasizer Nano S90 device (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, England) equipped with a 5 mW helium neon laser with a wavelength output of 633 nm. The glassware was cleaned of

• , supplementary studies will be performed to investigate the activity of hydrophilic antioxidant molecules, such as ascorbic acid and N-acetyl-cysteine, loaded in NLCs and in comparison with conventional “non-nano” formulations. In addition, since some authors have demonstrated that CS induces depletion of some

Growth dynamics and light scattering of gold nanoparticles in situ synthesized at high concentration in thin polymer films

• Corentin Guyot,
• Philippe Vandestrick,
• Ingrid Marenne,
• Olivier Deparis and
• Michel Voué

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1768–1777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.172

• Department, Namur, Belgium 10.3762/bjnano.10.172 Abstract Background: Numerous optical applications of nano-objects require a dispersion of the nanoparticles in a dielectric matrix. In order to achieve high particle concentrations, one can, as an alternative, directly grow the particles in a polymer or an

• simpler. In a single step, both the gold salt and the polymer are mixed to prepare the nanocomposite. The simplicity of the method is regarded as a great advantage for the production of nanocomposites for various applications in nano-optics. The principle of in situ methods is the use of one of the matrix

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• . 4, 85748 Garching, Germany Gemeinschaftslabor für Elektronenmikroskopie RWTH-Aachen, Ernst Ruska-Centrum für Mikroskopie und Spektroskopie mit Elektronen, 52425 Jülich, Germany Department Structure and Nano-/Micromechanics of Materials, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237 Düsseldorf

Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1745–1753, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.170

• novel device concepts by utilizing its angle-resolved and wavelength-dependent properties. Methods Exfoliation and characterization of 1T’-WTe2 flakes The 1T’-WTe2 single crystals were purchased from XianFeng Nano Corporation. A blue film was used to exfoliate 1T’-WTe2 onto the N++-doped Si substrate

Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells

• Hannah Onafuye,
• Sebastian Pieper,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Klaus Langer and
• Martin Michaelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166

• amount detected in the collected supernatants. Determination of particle size distribution The average particle size and the polydispersity were measured by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) using a Malvern zetasizer nano instrument (Malvern Instruments, Herrenberg, Germany). The resulting particle

Tuning the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries by modifying the structural defects of the carbon felt electrode

• Ditty Dixon,
• Deepu Joseph Babu,
• Aiswarya Bhaskar,
• Hans-Michael Bruns,
• Joerg J. Schneider,
• Frieder Scheiba and
• Helmut Ehrenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1698–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.165

• . This work contributes to the research performed at CELEST (Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage Ulm-Karlsruhe). This work was carried out with the support of the Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), a Helmholtz Research Infrastructure at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).

Stationary beam full-field transmission helium ion microscopy using sub-50 keV He⁺: Projected images and intensity patterns

• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Olivier Bouton,
• Nico Klingner,
• Christoph T. Koch,
• Gregor Hlawacek and
• Tom Wirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1648–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.160

• Michael Mousley Santhana Eswara Olivier De Castro Olivier Bouton Nico Klingner Christoph T. Koch Gregor Hlawacek Tom Wirtz Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg Institute of

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• vapour annealing [201]. Complicated morphology shifts such as swelling, coalescing of aggregates, bicontinuous pattern formation, one-dimensional droplet formation, and the periodic evolution of the droplets were observed. Mori et al. reported the formation of two-dimensional arrays of disk-shaped nano

• exhibit interesting properties [209][210][211][212][213][214][215]. Such materials can be also nano-engineered at liquid interfaces. Niederberger and co-workers successfully fabricated two-dimensionally aligned arrays of one-dimensional W18O49 nanowires and used them for H2-sensing at room temperature

• molecules. The one-dimensional carbon materials prepared through high-temperature carbonization of C70 crystalline assemblies showed high specific capacitances at a high current density and scan rate [243]. These nano-engineered one-dimensional carbon materials might be useful as electrode materials for

Development of a new hybrid approach combining AFM and SEM for the nanoparticle dimensional metrology

• Loïc Crouzier,
• Alexandra Delvallée,
• Sébastien Ducourtieux,
• Laurent Devoille,
• Guillaume Noircler,
• Christian Ulysse,
• Olivier Taché,
• Elodie Barruet,
• Christophe Tromas and
• Nicolas Feltin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1523–1536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.150

• /bjnano.10.150 Abstract At this time, there is no instrument capable of measuring a nano-object along the three spatial dimensions with a controlled uncertainty. The combination of several instruments is thus necessary to metrologically characterize the dimensional properties of a nano-object. This paper

• the diameter of a sphere with the same projected surface as the studied nano-object. However, from this imaged NP surface area, other measurands such as minimum and maximum Feret diameters can be defined as well [5]. As a result, SEM and AFM are complementary. Indeed, SEM gives no quantitative

• -emission guns can reach a resolution of 1 nm in the XY-plane. Consequently, we propose in this paper the development of a hybrid metrology that allows for the measurement of the characteristic dimensions of a nano-object in 3D, by combining the measurements performed with AFM and SEM. The concept of hybrid

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

• Pei Wang,
• Katarzyna Kulp and
• Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

• , bottom-up synthesis approaches have been suggested, including branching or hierarchical structuring of carbon-based catalyst supports. In these approaches, one-dimensional (1D, e.g., CNTs or nano-/microfibers) or two-dimensional carbon materials (2D, e.g., graphene) are transformed into three-dimensional

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• Yongjiao Sun Zhichao Yu Wenda Wang Pengwei Li Gang Li Wendong Zhang Lin Chen Serge Zhuivkov Jie Hu Micro and Nano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• surface-to-volume ratio of gas sensing materials an important parameter in determining their gas sensitivity. Traditionally, quasi-0-dimensional (i.e., spherical) nano-objects have been used in order to create highly porous materials. In gas sensors, agglomerates of nanoparticles with a high specific area

A biomimetic nanofluidic diode based on surface-modified polymeric carbon nitride nanotubes

• Kai Xiao,
• Baris Kumru,
• Lu Chen,
• Lei Jiang,
• Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt and
• Markus Antonietti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1316–1323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.130

• -allyloxy-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt solution (40 wt %, AHPA, Sigma-Aldrich) and melamine (purity >98.0%, Sigma-Aldrich). 60 μm thick AAO membranes with a pore width of 84 ± 16 nm were purchased from Heifei Puyuan Nano, China. Glass test tubes for vapor deposition–polymerization (VDP) were

Playing with covalent triazine framework tiles for improved CO₂ adsorption properties and catalytic performance

• Giulia Tuci,
• Andree Iemhoff,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Lapo Luconi,
• Andrea Rossin,
• Vasiliki Papaefthimiou,
• Regina Palkovits,
• Jens Artz,
• Cuong Pham-Huu and
• Giuliano Giambastiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1217–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.121

• therefore covers a wide range of applications in (photo-/electro-)catalysis, gas storage and separation technologies as well as energy storage devices. Among nanocarbons, (nano)porous organic polymers (POPs) have gained a significant popularity because of their unique features [4][5][6][7][8]. Indeed, the

Angle-dependent structural colors in a nanoscale-grating photonic crystal fabricated by reverse nanoimprint technology

• Xu Zheng,
• Qing Wang,
• Jinjin Luan,
• Yao Li,
• Ning Wang and
• Rui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1211–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.120

• crystal was peeled-off from the PC mould. The surface structures of photonic crystal were obtained by SEM (Nova Nano SEM450, USA). The spectroscopic analyses were performed with an Ocean Optics fiber-optic spectrophotometer. The data analysis and fitting were performed by using Origin software. The SEM