Novel reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic–superhydrophilic surfaces induced by charge injection and heating

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Junwen Hou and
• Dongbao Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 840–847, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.84

• termed electrowetting [19]. The equilibrium morphology under electrical wetting conditions is determined by the equilibrium of Maxwell stress and Laplace pressure [20][21]. Verplanck et al. [22] reported the reversible electrical wetting of droplets on superhydrophobic silicon nanowires in air and oil

Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications

• Hrvoje Gebavi,
• Vlatko Gašparić,
• Dubravko Risović,
• Nikola Baran,
• Paweł Henryk Albrycht and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 725–734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.72

• flexible silicon nanowires (SiNWs) substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications. The novel SERS substrates are described in detail considering three main aspects. First, the key synthesis parameters for the flexible nanostructure SERS substrates were optimized. It is shown that

• allowed hot spots occurrence. Finally, the test with 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid showed excellent SERS performance of the flexible, horizontally oriented SiNWs in comparison with several other commercially available substrates. Keywords: flexible hot spots; horizontal silicon nanowires; 4

• the targeted molecule. The Raman signal of these commercially available substrates exceeds that of competitors [19]. Therefore, these substrates can be considered as one of the top SERS substrates on the market. We have synthesized similar flexible, but horizontally oriented silicon nanowires (SiNWs

The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface

• Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca and
• Cristian Morari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 706–717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.70

• the TM atom. Indeed, with the only exception of NiPP, we have similar magnetic moments for all four adsorption positions. The values are listed in Table 1. Our results are similar to those obtained for porphyrin-based molecular nanowires [66]: The total magnetic moments of TM-PNWs are calculated to be

A carrier velocity model for electrical detection of gas molecules

• Ali Hosseingholi Pourasl,
• Sharifah Hafizah Syed Ariffin,
• Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi,
• Razali Ismail and
• Niayesh Gharaei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 644–653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.64

• nanowires and carbon nanotubes, GNRs possess high sensitivity, high electron and hole mobility, chemical stability, low noise, and a large surface-to-volume ratio, properties which are highly desired for gas sensor applications. Electrically, GNRs have shown high sensitivity to their surroundings and

Gold nanoparticles embedded in a polymer as a 3D-printable dichroic nanocomposite material

• Lars Kool,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 442–447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.43

• reflection. The explanation is that, while boiling, the gold nanowires fragment, creating nanoparticles with a large head and a slim and long tail, comparable to a tadpole. Over time the tail starts to shrink, due to intra-particle Ostwald ripening to minimize the total surface energy of the nanoparticle

Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO₂ nanostructures of various morphologies

• Venkataramana Bonu,
• Binaya Kumar Sahu,
• Arindam Das,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Sandip Dhara and
• Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

• understanding of the surface defects and role of morphology in 1D SnO2 nanowires can help to better utilize these nanostructures more efficiently. For this purpose, three different nanowires (NWs), namely belts, cylindrical- and square-shaped structures were grown using SnO2 quantum dots as a precursor material

• measurements and a band diagram is proposed. Keywords: functionalization; nanowires; photoluminescence; SnO2; sub-wavelength waveguide; Introduction The development and understanding of one-dimensional (1D) nanowire (NW) sub-wavelength waveguides is a crucial step towards on-chip routing of optical signals

Geometrical optimisation of core–shell nanowire arrays for enhanced absorption in thin crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells

• Robin Vismara,
• Olindo Isabella,
• Andrea Ingenito,
• Fai Tong Si and
• Miro Zeman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 322–331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.31

• Thin Film Electronic Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland 10.3762/bjnano.10.31 Abstract Background: Elongated nanostructures, such as nanowires, have attracted significant attention for application in silicon-based solar cells. The high aspect ratio and

• modelling analysis of the optical performance of the proposed solar cell architecture was also carried out. Results showed that nanowires act as resonators, amplifying interference resonances and exciting additional wave-guided modes. The optimisation of the array geometrical dimensions highlighted a strong

• illumination conditions, by exciting resonances inside the absorber layer. However, passivation of nanowires is critical to further improve the efficiency of such devices. Keywords: heterojunction; nanowires; optical modelling; photovoltaics; silicon; Introduction The implementation of effective and low-cost

Electromagnetic analysis of the lasing thresholds of hybrid plasmon modes of a silver tube nanolaser with active core and active shell

• Denys M. Natarov,
• Trevor M. Benson and
• Alexander I. Nosich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 294–304, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.28

• of publications have dealt with the modeling of nanolasers based on metal nanoparticles and nanowires equipped with active cores or shells [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Note that in [4], the authors studied the effect of a metal tube on the lowest-order modes of the active core while the presence of the

• circular shell. Alternatively, such configurations can be seen as a quantum wire loaded with a plasmonic open resonator. An infinite array of circular quantum nanowires was considered with LEP in [27] where it was shown that such a periodic open active resonator can support so-called lattice modes with

• ultra-low thresholds and wavelengths located near to the Rayleigh anomalies. A similar LEP-based study of the lasing modes of an infinite binary grating of circular silver and quantum nanowires was published in [14] where the thresholds of the LSP modes were found to be higher than those of the lattice

Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

• Rekha Bai,
• Dinesh K. Pandya,
• Sujeet Chaudhary,
• Veer Dhaka,
• Vladislav Khayrudinov,
• Jori Lemettinen,
• Christoffer Kauppinen and
• Harri Lipsanen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 274–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.26

• morphological structures such as nanorods [5][6][7], nanowires [8], tetrapods [9], nanodisks [10], nanotubes [11], flowers [12], and nanocrystals [13], have been reported. Among the many nanostructured morphologies possible for ZnO, self-assembled ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) have been attracting great attention due

Sputtering of silicon nanopowders by an argon cluster ion beam

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Zhenguo Wang,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Sergey Belykh,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 135–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.13

• nanowires. There are many molecular dynamics simulations using the collision cascade theory and, at the same time, only a few experimental studies on the interaction of monomer and cluster projectiles with nanodimensional systems. Using a MD simulation, Kissel et al. [16] have studied the effect of the

• been revealed for 80 keV Xe ion irradiation of Au nanowires of 20 nm in diameter and micrometers in length [24][25]. The sputtering yield dependence on the gold particle size under bombardment with 20 keV С60 ions has been studied in [26]. At 9.3 nm the particle diameter the yield was 320, whereas for

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• still plausible in this case, although with a reduced strain amplitude. Lattice reorientations driven by surface stress, suggested by simulations in both pristine [40] and hydrided Pd nanowires [41], could also be indicative for the concept of a surface-stress contribution to the α-phase straining

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• fabrication of isolated structures, for example by Koops et al. [79], and by Frabboni et al. [80] who attempted to overcome the resolution limit due to the presence of a bulk or thin substrate by growing suspended nanowires by EBID on the tip of a tilted pillar, achieving a lateral resolution of 5 nm. Sub-10

• common in electrical measurements. Another important application of EBIE demonstrated there was the modification of as-deposited EBID structures to alter their physical or chemical properties. Carbonaceous nanowires of about 24 nm width deposited by EBID were slimmed by repeatedly scanning the field of

• view containing the deposits in the presence of water. In this manner, nanowires with widths down to 13 nm were achieved, as shown in Figure 12. The specific case of EBIE of SiO2 using XeF2 was studied by Randolph et al. [95] who performed experiments to study the etch rate as a function of beam

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• components is equal, which accounts for the improved sensing performance to CO at room temperature. Wang et al. [52] mixed ZnO nanowires, prepared via carbothermal reduction, with GO under a protective gas atmosphere (Ar) at 300 °C to synthesize ZnO–rGO hybrids. Although the response to NH3 was not as well

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

• Sherif Okeil and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

• ][55][56], and nanotransfer printing, which was used to build stacks of gold nanorods or nanowires [4]. The production of nanoporous metal films or particles through a dealloying process also emerged as an effective tool for the facile formation of a large number of SERS-active hot spots [57][58][59

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• , a lot of attention has been paid to the studies of ZnO nanostructures of various shapes, including oriented nanorods (NRs), nanowires, nanobelts, nanoparticles, etc. for versatile photonic applications [1][2]. ZnO NRs are especially attractive for short-wavelength nano-devices due to their high

Silencing the second harmonic generation from plasmonic nanodimers: A comprehensive discussion

• Jérémy Butet,
• Gabriel D. Bernasconi and
• Olivier J. F. Martin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2674–2683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.250

• nanowires with various gap sizes. They observed that the SHG does not increase as the gap between the two nanowires decreases, despite an increase of the fundamental field enhancement. Their experimental observations were supported by numerical results demonstrating that the SHG from nanogaps is not

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• synthesis methods resulting in a wide range of morphologies, such as mesoporous structures [4], microtubes [5], microdendrites, nanoparticles [6][7][8], nanorods [9][10], nanotubes [11][12][13], nanowires [14], and nanosheets [15][16]. Standing out from the rest of the synthesis techniques, electrochemical

Improved catalytic combustion of methane using CuO nanobelts with predominantly (001) surfaces

• Qingquan Kong,
• Yichun Yin,
• Bing Xue,
• Yonggang Jin,
• Wei Feng,
• Zhi-Gang Chen,
• Shi Su and
• Chenghua Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2526–2532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.235

• with CuO nanobelts comprised of predominantly (001) surfaces has been performed and it is confirmed that the performance of such nanobelts is much higher than normal nanoparticles and nanowires. First principle calculations further clarified that two-coordinated oxygen plays a key role for methane

• shows high reactivity due to the high ratio of lowly coordinated oxygen – a feature that has been employed for gas sensing and Li-ion batteries [21]. Now we turn to the experimental validation, starting with the synthesis of CuO nanowires (NWs) and CuO nanobelts (NBs) comprised of predominantly (001

• are needed to improve the thermal stability of such nanostructures as they tend to aggregate after high temperature treatment. Experimental Synthesis of CuO nanowires and nanobelts For a typical sample, 1 g of Cu(NO3)2 was dissolved in 100 mL distilled water and 30 mL ammonia solution (NH3·H2O, 0.15

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co₃O₄ photocathode

• Malkeshkumar Patel and
• Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

• 4.5 mA·cm−2 with Ag nanowires [24]. Interestingly, a high photocurrent density of 29 mA·cm−2 can be achieved from Co3O4 under one-sun illumination (AM1.5G) suggesting a high (solar-to-hydrogen) efficiency of 35.8% [3]. Studies using Co3O4 as a catalyst have explored the oxygen evolution reaction (OER

Magnetism and magnetoresistance of single Ni–Cu alloy nanowires

• Andreea Costas,
• Camelia Florica,
• Elena Matei,
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Andrei Kuncser,
• Victor Kuncser and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2345–2355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.219

• University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, PO Box MG-11, 077125, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania 10.3762/bjnano.9.219 Abstract Arrays of magnetic Ni–Cu alloy nanowires with different compositions were prepared by a template-replication technique using electrochemical deposition into polycarbonate nanoporous

• membranes. Photolithography was employed for obtaining interdigitated metallic electrode systems of Ti/Au onto SiO2/Si substrates and subsequent electron beam lithography was used for contacting single nanowires in order to investigate their galvano-magnetic properties. The results of the magnetoresistance

• measurements made on single Ni–Cu alloy nanowires of different compositions have been reported and discussed in detail. A direct methodology for transforming the magnetoresistance data into the corresponding magnetic hysteresis loops was proposed, opening new possibilities for an easy magnetic investigation of

Intrinsic ultrasmall nanoscale silicon turns n-/p-type with SiO₂/Si₃N₄-coating

• Dirk König,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Noël Wilck,
• Birger Berghoff,
• Merlin Müller,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Giovanni Di Santo,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Joachim Mayer,
• Sean Smith and
• Joachim Knoch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2255–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.210

• of Si nanowires relevant to devices As we will show below, a Si-NWire with a combined SiO2-/Si3N4-coating can work as a highly scalable, high-performance and dopant-free metal-insulator-silicon (MIS) FET device. Using the same h-DFT methods as above, we computed the electronic properties of a Si233

Optimization of the optical coupling in nanowire-based integrated photonic platforms by FDTD simulation

• Nan Guan,
• Andrey Babichev,
• Martin Foldyna,
• Dmitry Denisov,
• François H. Julien and
• Maria Tchernycheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2248–2254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.209

• design reported in the literature with a coupling efficiency of only 8.7%, we propose an optimized photonic platform with efficiency reaching 65.5%. Keywords: FDTD modeling; nanowire LED; nitride nanowires; photonic integrated circuit; photonic platform; SiN/InGaN co-integration; visible light

• tunable bandgap [14] and reduced dislocation density [15][16], nitride nanowires (NWs) have become important materials for optical components in the visible to ultraviolet (UV) spectral range [17][18]. Despite their small size, single NW light emitting diodes (LEDs) can produce bright electroluminescence

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• from exposure to air/moisture was suggested via the growth of HP nanowires in the pores of anodized alumina membranes [122]. The effective blockage of the diffusion of water and oxygen molecules to the alumina-incorporated MASnI3 nanowires resulted in a three order of magnitude slower degradation of

• min ripening at 220 °C (Figure 7c) [133]. The Cs2SnI6 nanorods gradually transform into nanowires (Figure 7d) with the aspect ratio increasing from 3 to 28 after a 10 min reaction. At longer reaction times (30 min) nanowires transform into nanobelts (Figure 7e) that assemble into nanoplatelets with a

Interaction-induced zero-energy pinning and quantum dot formation in Majorana nanowires

• Samuel D. Escribano,
• Alfredo Levy Yeyati and
• Elsa Prada

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.203

• , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain 10.3762/bjnano.9.203 Abstract Majorana modes emerge in non-trivial topological phases at the edges of specific materials such as proximitized semiconducting nanowires under an external magnetic field. Ideally, they are non-local states that are charge

• -neutral superpositions of electrons and holes. However, in nanowires of realistic length their wave functions overlap and acquire a finite charge that makes them susceptible to interactions, specifically with the image charges that arise in the electrostatic environment. Considering a realistic three

• features are observed in recent experiments on the detection of Majoranas and could thus help to properly characterize them. Keywords: hybrid superconductor–semiconductor nanowires; interactions; Majorana bound states; quantum dots; Introduction Semiconducting nanowires with strong spin–orbit interaction

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• , and larger surface-to-volume ratio [34]. The large surface-area-to-volume ratio of nanofibers (NFs), hollow nanofibers (HNFs), nanotubes (NTs) and nanowires (NWs) with micro/mesoporous surfaces results in improved adsorption and better reaction kinetics of gas-sensitive materials. Nanofibers can be