Numerical study on all-optical modulation characteristics of quantum cascade lasers

• Biao Wei,
• Haijun Zhou,
• Guangxiang Li and
• Bin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1011–1019, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.88

• of the electron temperature. The electrons with high kinetic state increase the number of electrons in the lower laser subband by backfilling and inhibit the population inversion. As a result, the light output is suppressed. In this paper, we further modify the rate equation to facilitate a numerical

• , thus reducing the number of photons in the cavity and achieving modulation. Conclusion In this paper, to explore the phenomenon of all-optical modulation of QCLs, we studied the characteristics of a mid-infrared QCL using near-infrared optical injection of several mW at wavelengths of 820 nm and 1550

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• nanoprinting. For many of these applications, a precise control of ion-beam-induced processes is essential. The effect of contaminations on these processes has not been thoroughly explored but can often be substantial, especially for ultralow impact energies in the sub-keV range. In this paper we investigate

• extreme cases. Nowadays, very little is known about the influence of contaminations on the amorphization process under ion irradiation. Thanks to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, a wide range of materials properties and process parameters can be reproduced [27][28][29]. In this paper, we are using MD

• tedious to adapt to other structures. In this paper, we developed a simple metric based on bond length variations, which can be easily adapted to different crystalline structures to characterize sample amorphization and also to study sputtering surfaces exposed to residual water molecules. Computational

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• calculations have been performed using the single-electron DFT framework as proposed by Gougoussis and co-workers [34]. The paper is organized as follows: In the following section, we present the computational parameters and structural models used in the calculations. Then, the results of computed spectra of

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• wet paper towel in a petri dish to achieve 100% relative air humidity. The germination success of 100 conidia on the different surfaces was examined using a digital microscope (VHX-600 DSO, Keyence, Osaka, Japan). Leaf pieces were cut and decolorized with ethanol/acetic acid (3:1, v/v) for 24 h until

Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water

• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Emrullah Kargin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82

• Jason I. Kilpatrick Emrullah Kargin Brian J. Rodriguez School of Physics and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland 10.3762/bjnano.13.82 Abstract In this paper, we derive and present quantitative expressions

• paper, including pump-probe KPFM [13][20][43], time-resolved KPFM [11][12][44][45][46][47], fast free force recovery KPFM (G-Mode) [14][48][49][50], intermodulation electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) [42][51], and PeakForce tapping KPFM [52]. The fundamental detection sensitivity to electrostatic

• to ωn where ∝ Qn/kn and there is a significant enhancement in the oscillation amplitude of the cantilever in response to the electrostatic force, thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) [10]. In this paper we define the SNR as the ratio of the measured signal (oscillation amplitude of the

Numerical modeling of a multi-frequency receiving system based on an array of dipole antennas for LSPE-SWIPE

• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitrii A. Pimanov,
• Ekaterina A. Matrozova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 865–872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.77

• 1 Ohm at the working point. In the present paper, we describe the problems of numerical modeling for double-frequency arrays of dipole antennas connected in parallel on a single substrate with radiation going through the back-to-back horn with predefined parameters. Results Calculation of the mode

Self-assembly of C₆₀ on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C₆₀ monolayer

• Guglielmo Albani,
• Michele Capra,
• Alessandro Lodesani,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Alberto Brambilla,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

• structure [36][37][38]. In this paper, we investigate the effects induced by a ZnTPP buffer layer covering the Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O surface on the electronic and structural properties of a C60 ultrathin film. The Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O surface is characterized by a single layer of oxygen atoms, adsorbed in the

Micro-structures, nanomechanical properties and flight performance of three beetles with different folding ratios

• Jiyu Sun,
• Pengpeng Li,
• Yongwei Yan,
• Fa Song,
• Nuo Xu and
• Zhijun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.75

• , Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China 10.3762/bjnano.13.75 Abstract When beetles are not in flight, their hind wings are folded and hidden under the elytra to reduce their size. This provided inspiration for the design of flapping-wing micro aerial vehicles (FWMAVs). In this paper

• MAV prototypes with different wing types were also tested in wind tunnels [33][34][35][36]. Various beetle species have different hind wing folding methods, and their folding ratios (i.e., the ratio between folding length of the hind wings and the length of the hind wings) are different. In this paper

Ultrafast signatures of magnetic inhomogeneity in Pd_1−xFe_x (x ≤ 0.08) epitaxial thin films

• Andrey V. Petrov,
• Sergey I. Nikitin,
• Lenar R. Tagirov,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Igor V. Yanilkin and
• Roman V. Yusupov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 836–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.74

• (blue) and Pd0.938Fe0.062 (black) samples, transformed and normalized in magnitude for their comparison with the dependence of the saturation magnetization (thick orange line) (a); the same for the Kerr rotation angle dependences (b). Funding This paper (PAV, NSI, GAI, YIV, and YRV) has been supported

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• prepared by utilizing natural cellulose (e.g., laboratory filter paper) as the structural template. The obtained nanoarchitectonics, namely Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposites, displayed three-dimensionally interwoven structures which replicated the initial cellulose template. The composite Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT

• control is expected to offer a solution [28]. Based on biomimetic synthesis, the morphological control of functional materials is accomplished by combining chemical building blocks and natural substances with unique structures. Natural cellulose products (e.g., filter paper for quantitative analysis

• Scientific Ltd. Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) was obtained from Fluorochem Co., Ltd. All chemicals were directly applied without further treatment. Filter paper for quantitative laboratory analysis (made from cotton) was purchased from Hangzhou Xinhua Paper Industry Co., Ltd. (China). Ultrapure water was

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• micron alumina slurry (CHI Instruments) on micro cloth pads sequentially to a mirror-like finish with fine wet emery paper (grain size 4000), and rinsed with ultrapure water. Then the electrode was separately dipped into concentrated NaOH, nitric acid, and methanol for 120 s, followed by sonication in

Modeling a multiple-chain emeraldine gas sensor for NH₃ and NO₂ detection

• Hana Sustkova and
• Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 721–729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.64

• Hana Sustkova Jan Voves Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, Prague 6, Czech Republic 10.3762/bjnano.13.64 Abstract This paper describes atomistic device models of a multiple-chain polyaniline (PANI) gas sensing component, utilizing the non

• carried out and compared with measurements of 3 ppm ammonia [12]. This paper continues and goes deeper into this issue. It concerns further I–V characteristic computations of a device composed of several PANI molecules in the presence of several ammonia and nitrogen dioxide gas molecules. The computations

• extended Hückel method [15]. It is a fast computation method with very good results for the polyaniline system. This method was used for this paper, too. Computation of the device was performed using NEGF and the extended Hückel method [15] to obtain the transmission of the device system, resulting in the

Direct measurement of surface photovoltage by AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 712–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.63

• perform time-resolved measurements of SPV [23][26][27]. In this paper, we propose a novel method of directly measuring the local SPV, namely AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy (AC-KPFM), which is based on a lock-in technique (widely used in standard KPFM setups) and controls the AC bias to nullify a

• intrinsic electric field [57][58][59]; however, this is beyond the scope of this paper. We note that the time scale of SPV measured with AC-KPFM is determined by the modulation frequency of the laser power and is faster (microseconds to milliseconds) than that in the case of classical KPFM (seconds to hours

Tunable high-quality-factor absorption in a graphene monolayer based on quasi-bound states in the continuum

• Jun Wu,
• Yasong Sun,
• Feng Wu,
• Biyuan Wu and
• Xiaohu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.59

• makes the fabrication quite difficult. In this paper, motivated by the investigation in [28], a tunable graphene absorber, which consists of a graphene monolayer on a dielectric grating backed with a substrate, is designed and investigated. The paper is arranged as follows: First, we present the

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• substrates with dimensions of ca. 2 cm × 1 cm (Figure 2a). Although a great number of different types of substrate materials have been used, such as silica [37], chromium [38], tin [39], silver [40], or platinum [41], glass substrates were used in this paper. Glass is generally a popular choice, not just

• cascade centrifugation can be used as a common method for the separation of graphene particles by size, in the case of ultrasound-assisted liquid-phase exfoliated graphene. In this paper, we demonstrated that cascade centrifugation of electrochemically exfoliated graphene can be used in conjunction with

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• part was checked under the fluorescence stereomicroscope (M165 FC, Leica), another was used for ultrathin sectioning for TEM observation. The procedure is described in detail in our previous paper [45]. All experimental items were sterilized at 121 °C for 15 min, and operations were carried out in a

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• the significance of controlled skin strains on both force of insertion and MN penetration [29]. This paper investigates the reliability and fidelity of dense thermoplastic MN arrays (9 × 9) fabricated using TPP and hot embossing techniques. It considers the mechanical integrity and insertion

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• nanoparticles can enhance the properties of both polar and nonpolar fluids. In the current paper, dispersions of nanoparticles were carried out in hydrocarbon and aqueous-based fluids using molecular dynamic simulations (MDS). The MDS results have been validated using the autocorrelation function and previous

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• × phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, for 15 min. A section of full-thickness human skin was placed, with the stratum corneum facing upward, onto a piece of tissue paper soaked with PBS in a weighing boat. CIP_MN1 were adhered to a piece of plastic tape and manually applied to the skin. To prevent the

• CIP_MN1 and the tissue paper was frequently soaked with PBS to prevent the skin from drying out. At each predefined time point, CIP_MN1 were removed, the skin was placed on dental wax and 1 cm2 of skin was excised using a cork borer. The skin was then fully immersed in O.C.T media and frozen in liquid

• -thickness human skin was excised and treated. CIP_MN1 was then inserted into the skin using finger pressure applied to the microneedle baseplate for 30 s. A cylindrical 10 g stainless steel weight was placed on top of CIP_MN1 array to prevent expulsion of the microneedles, and the tissue paper was

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• final dispersions were filtered through grade-3 filter paper [44][45]. The pH determination was performed using a pHmeter calibrated with buffer solutions. The relative density of the extract was determined using a pycnometer calibrated at 20 °C in a controlled temperature environment (20 °C). To

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• –Au NPs, and ZnO nanospheres–Au NPs, using this method. Some unusual fabrication methods include a poriferous ZnO–Ag substrate obtained by a film scraping method on paper [51][52]. A film with fluffy sponge-like morphology was obtained, pointing out its high specific surface area and showing uniform

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• relevant for a number of niche tasks where performance and energy efficiency are critically important. In this paper, we consider the basic elements for superconducting neural networks on radial basis functions. We examine the static and dynamic activation functions of the proposed neuron. Special

• components of the input vector x are fed. Every neuron of the hidden layer calculates the values of the 1D function hk(x). where xk is the k-th reference point and σk is the scattering parameter for the one-dimensional function . In this paper, we propose a modified tunable neuron circuit [44] for RBFNs (see

• depairing current of the superconductor. In this paper, we propose a tunable kinetic inductance with integrated spin-valve structure [46]. A superconducting spin valve is a device that can control the propagation of the superconducting charge carriers, induced from the superconducting layer via the

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• , phase shifts, and relays. In this paper, the state of the art of electrostatic pull-in phenomena in flexible devices is discussed, and the influence of different electrode structures in NEM switches is classified and discussed. In addition, the applications of NEM switches in radio frequency (RF

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• administration of new and efficient options for treating osteochondral lesions. This paper presents an overview of the recent advances in osteochondral tissue engineering resulting from the application of micro- and nanotechnology approaches in the structure of biomaterials, including biological and microscale

• application of such stimuli pave the way for the application of new and promising sources for re-engineering of biomaterials. In this paper, the native structure of articular cartilage is briefly described due to the importance of understanding its complex structure before designing a suitable construct

Selected properties of Al_xZn_yO thin films prepared by reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering using a two-element Zn/Al target

• Witold Posadowski,
• Artur Wiatrowski,
• Jarosław Domaradzki and
• Michał Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 344–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.29

• were performed to determine the appropriate amount of Al inserts in the Zn disc target and to determine the sputtering conditions under which conducting and transparent films could be deposited. The goal presented in this paper was to determine the influence of substrate placement (on- or off-axis

• discussed further in this paper. Figure 9a shows the GIXRD patterns measured for thin films deposited at different locations on the front side of the substrate. In each case, there are clearly distinguishable peaks at 2θ = 30.62° related to the (220) plane of the Al2ZnO4 cubic phase and peaks at 2θ = 34.07

• (Figure 11). The results presented in Figure 11 support the optical bandgap results presented in Figure 10. The higher the Al content, the wider the optical bandgap of the prepared thin film [1][24][25]. Discussion The analysis described in this paper showed a strong dependence of thickness as well as