Sustainable fabrication of 2D-based devices through reuse of substrates with microfabricated electrodes

• Ying Zhang,
• Yigit Sozen,
• Esteban Zamora-Amo,
• Thomas Pucher,
• Nuria Jiménez-Arévalo,
• Zdenek Sofer,
• Yong Xie and
• Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 818–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.58

• its ability to penetrate microscopic gaps [24]. Heating to 50 °C can help weaken the van der Waals interactions between the 2D flakes and the substrate. Simultaneously, ultrasound agitation enhances molecular diffusion and promotes cavitation, generating localized pressure fluctuations that further

• out using a roll-to-roll setup. Nitto SPV 224 tape was applied on the surfaces of two polyoxymethylene cylinders with a perimeter ratio of 53:23 [32]. A bulk van der Waals material was placed on one cylinder, and the system was rotated under moderate pressure (20–40 N) at ≈1500 rpm for 50 s, resulting

• identified by transmission optical microscopy and then confirmed by differential reflectance spectroscopy [38][39][40]. Monolayer CVD-MoS2 flakes were grown by chemical vapor deposition using a NaCl-assisted ambient-pressure CVD approach, following established procedures reported in the literature [35][36

Tuning the electronic properties of defect-rich MoS₂

• Eric Juriatti,
• Martina Binninger,
• Carolin Schüle,
• Maren Zirwick,
• Katarina Margetic,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Marcus Scheele and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 796–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.56

• contamination-free surface could be confirmed. The samples were sputtered with a IQE 10 ion source (SPECS GmbH, Berlin, Germany) using Ar and Ne gas (purity: 4.5, Linde plc, Dublin, Ireland and Westfalen AG, Münster, Germany). The pressure in the vacuum chamber was maintained at a constant level of 5 × 10−5

• °C and a pressure of approximately 1 × 10−7 mbar using a Knudsen cell. Via a quartz crystal microbalance, the deposition rate was determined as 0.1–0.2 nm·min−1. The nominal layer thickness of the deposited CoPcF16 molecule on the MoS2 substrate was calculated by comparing core level intensities of

Restorative potential of laser-synthesized silver nanoparticles with Salvia officinalis for periodontal disease treatment: an in vitro study

• Jelena Filipović Tričković,
• Sanja Živković,
• Bojana Ilić,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Jelena Marinković,
• Ana Valenta Šobot and
• Miloš Momčilović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 781–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.55

• was filtered (5–13 μm, Lab Logistic Group), frozen at −20 °C overnight, and lyophilized under 400 Pa vacuum pressure. The lyophilizate was subsequently filtered (0.2 μm, Minisart®, Sartorius) and reconstituted in sterile water to a concentration of 100 mg·mL−1. After preparing the extract, the

Tailoring Ag–Pt nanoalloys through solid-state dewetting: structural and optical insights

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Piotr Okoczuk,
• Blaž Grobiša,
• Ewa Pawlikowska,
• Amelia Rozwadowska,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 748–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.52

• composition of the nanostructures. Due to the higher vapor pressure of Ag atoms, they can preferentially desorb from the nanostructures, and the rate of Ag sublimation exponentially increases with temperature [51][52][53]. Additionally, based on lower-magnification SEM images of the nanostructures, we

• temperature, with a pressure below 1.1 × 10−8 mbar. The results were calibrated to the C 1s line and analyzed using Shirley background subtraction and a Gaussian–Lorentzian curve as the fitting algorithm by the CasaXPS software. Additionally, detailed investigations of the microstructure and chemical

Oxidative atmosphere-driven formation of single-phase spinel CuRh₂O₄ nanofibers for alkaline water oxidation

• Namhee Kim,
• Sumin Ko,
• Sohyeon Choi,
• Seoyoon Jang,
• Myung Hwa Kim and
• Dasol Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 737–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.50

• particularly sensitive to the synthetic environment because Cu readily changes its oxidation state (Cu0/Cu+/Cu2+) depending on the oxidative atmosphere during annealing [9][10]. As a result, slight variations in oxygen partial pressure can significantly alter phase evolution and often lead to undesired

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

• and PM removal [155]. The study reported the removal of PM2.5 (99.99%), a low-pressure drop (31 Pa), and the removal of aerosol pollutants (SOx, NOx, methylbenzene, and ʟ-nicotine). The nanosystem inhibits E. coli, S. aureus, and Porcine deltacoronavirus with no significant toxicity. This indicates

• incorporated in PVDF nanofiber membranes were synthesised for improved air purification, achieving efficiencies of 99.95–99.97% and a pressure of 137.5 Pa. Additionally, 99.6% inhibition of S. aureus and E. coli was achieved after exposure to sunlight for two weeks [157]. Chitosan-stabilised AgNPs incorporated

• highly efficient air filtration system. The results were 99.78% (PM2.5) filtration efficiency, low-pressure drop (61.15 Pa), and enhanced zone of inhibition (100–141%) [159]. A side-by-side nanofiber was designed with ZnO on one and AgNPs on the other side for air pollutant removal application. The

Decontamination from water pollutants and pathogens by electrospun nanofibers doped with heavy-atom-free borafluorene-BODIPY photosensitizers

• Angelika Zaszczyńska,
• Paulina H. Marek-Urban,
• Karolina Wrochna,
• Agnieszka E. Kuklewska,
• Kacper Kręgielewski,
• Marta Grodzik,
• Dawid R. Natkowski,
• Jolanta Mierzejewska,
• Ewa Iwanek,
• Agata Blacha-Grzechnik,
• Paweł Sajkiewicz and
• Krzysztof Durka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 668–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.46

• ) analysis was done with an AXIS Supra+ (Kratos Analytical) instrument equipped with a monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source (hν = 1486.6 eV, operating at 10 mA, 15 kV). The system base pressure was pb = 3.9·10−9 Torr. The pass energy was set to 160 eV (scanning step 0.9 eV) for survey spectra acquisition and 20

• work of photocatalyst. After irradiation, the liquid phase was removed from the vial, the material was washed with distilled water, dried under reduced pressure (1 mbar, 25 °C, 1 h), and used in the next run without any additional treatment. Figure 11 shows some oscillations in the decomposition rates

Cellulose as a photocatalyst support material: extraction, structural features, and environmental applications

• Yee Teng Lim,
• Nur Farhana Jaafar,
• Azizul Hakim Lahuri and
• Endang Tri Wahyuni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 635–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.44

• potentially recovering and reusing the dissolved sugars [8]. Ionic liquids treatment serves as promising green alternatives to harmful organic solvents and their negligible vapor pressure makes them particularly attractive. Unlike traditional solvents, ionic liquids are non-flammable and possess unique

• conditions [62]. Unlike conventional solvents, ILs are non-flammable, thermally stable, and exhibit negligible vapor pressure, which not only minimizes safety hazards but also reduces volatile emissions, making them attractive for sustainable applications. Their effectiveness arises from unique molecular

• nanofibers from biomass. It operates through two main steps involving high-pressure steaming followed by rapid pressure release [54][55]. In the first stage, dry biomass absorbs steam under elevated pressure and temperature, and when the pressure is suddenly released, the rapid drop causes instant water

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• a comparison to the theory difficult. A possible solution is to use a different strategy: For systematic studies of the thermodynamic conditions (background pressure and temperature), synthesis systems need to be developed that allow to vary these conditions (partial pressures of the constituents

• energy shifts and peak shapes [179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187]. Complementing XPS, scanning X-ray photoelectron microscopy (SPEM) provides spatially resolved chemical information at the nanoscale, and near-ambient pressure XPS enables real-time monitoring of the chemical reactivity of

Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• aqueous phase under moderate stirring (the temperature and agitation speed parameters were the same as those of the organic phase). The aqueous phase was composed of 0.077 g of polysorbate 80 and 54 mL of ultrapure water. Acetone was removed under reduced pressure, and the resulting suspensions were

• pressure at 40 °C, a procedure widely employed in the nanoprecipitation-based preparation of polymeric nanocapsules. Considering the high volatility and water miscibility of acetone and its classification as a class-3 solvent (ICH Q3C), residual levels are expected to be minimal after evaporation

Biomimetic nanoparticles in cancer photodynamic therapy: a review of targeted delivery systems and therapeutic outcomes

• Valentina I. Gorbacheva,
• Alexey S. Grabovoy,
• Polina S. Marukhina,
• Anastasiia O. Syrocheva and
• Ekaterina P. Kolesova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 396–422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.27

• lysis is essential for the extraction of biomimetic membranes; the membrane composition is directly influenced by the severity of the lysis method. Common techniques include (i) ultrasound, that is, membrane rupture via pressure waves (20–50 kHz), requiring precise control to prevent heat damage [54

• ]; (ii) freeze–thaw cycles, that is, cell disruption via narrow pores (enhanced at low temperatures) [55]; (iii) mechanical shearing, that is, cell disruption via narrow pores (enhanced at low temperatures) [56]; and (iv) osmotic pressure, that is, hypotonic solutions are used to induce swelling and

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• . Before the growth process, the pressure was brought to 1 atm by introducing a mixture of argon and hydrogen (30 and 20 sccm, respectively) through a stainless steel pipe. A solution containing ferrocene (2.3 wt %) dispersed in 10 mL of ethanol and stirred for 4 h was injected at a constant rate (5 mL·h−1

• pipe during the growth process. (3) The pressure of the gas mixture (argon, acetylene, and hydrogen at 200, 80, and 100 sccm, respectively) was higher than that adopted for the growth of the CNT film. (4) The process duration was 2 h. After cooling down the system, the reaction products were directly

• were performed in an ultrahigh-vacuum chamber (base pressure below 10−10 bar) equipped with a semi-imaging analyser MAC 2 (Riber Instruments) operating in the constant pass energy mode (with a total energy resolution of 1.1 eV). Non-monochromatic Al Kα radiation (1486.6 eV) was used (8 kV, 8 mA). The

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• geometry alters the internal pressure distribution and collapse dynamics, affecting the interaction between the plasma plume, shock waves, and the surrounding liquid. Consequently, both the light-induced welding and the anisotropic cavitation bubble dynamics are key factors determining the formation of the

• hundred femtoseconds, indicating a swift breakdown of material under the laser influence. Besides, at lower fluences, photomechanical spallation occurs, which involves moderate temperature and pressure, removing material with minimal vaporisation [179]. Surface ripples appear, and the machining area

Fast vortex dynamics and relaxation times in NbRe-based heterostructures

• Francesco De Chiara,
• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Francesco Avitabile,
• Francesco Colangelo,
• Abhishek Kumar,
• Carmine Attanasio and
• Carla Cirillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 292–302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.20

• on SiO2 substrates. The base pressure was P = 2.2 × 10−8 mbar, and the Ar pressure during the deposition was = 6.6 μbar, = 12 μbar and = 6.3 μbar. During the deposition, the film thickness was monitored in situ by a thickness monitor, which provides a real-time measurement of the growth rate. The

Multilayered hyperbolic Au/TiO₂ nanostructures for enhancing the nonlinear response around the epsilon-near-zero point

• Fernando Arturo Araiza-Sixtos,
• Mauricio Gomez-Robles,
• Rafael Salas-Montiel and
• Raúl Rangel-Rojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 251–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.17

• electron beam and Au layers via Joule effect deposition, both at a deposition rate of 0.15 nm·s−1 and a base pressure of 2 µTorr. The target thickness for Au was 10 nm, while that of TiO2 was varied from 44 to 72 nm to achieve ENZ properties at or around the working wavelength of 800 nm. Every structure

Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species

• Helen Gorges,
• Felicitas von Usslar,
• Cordt Zollfrank,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Martin Müller,
• Clemens F. Schaber,
• Chuchu Li and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16

• a key role in preventing cell collapse under high tensile stress or/and inner pressure exerted by the water column during transpiration [8]. Wood delignification is a crucial process in various industries, particularly pulp and paper production, biofuel generation, and the development of advanced

• , first using distilled water and acetone (1:6, v/v, ≥99.5%, Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), followed by toluene (≥99.5%, Carl Roth) for 24 h each. Afterwards, toluene was washed out by extraction with ethanol for 2 h, and the samples were dried at reduced pressure overnight (15 mbar, 40 °C). For

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• roughness, measured over an area of 230 µm × 300 µm, from the BO, Ar, and Ar:H2 samples all had Ra values of ≈300 nm, with the EP value decreasing to ≈200 nm [43]. All graphene growth experiments were carried out in a commercial Aixtron Black Magic Pro 4-inch cold wall CVD system at a base pressure of ≈1

• reactor cooled to room temperature in an Ar only atmosphere. During all stages of the process, a pressure of 50 mbar was regulated via a PID controlled outlet valve. Ex situ ToF-SIMS measurements were performed using a TOF SIMS IV instrument (ION-TOF Gmbh, Germany) at a vacuum pressure of <5 × 10−9 mbar

Subdigital integumentary microstructure in Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkota): do those lineages with incipiently expressed toepads exclusively exhibit adhesive setae?

• Philipp Ginal,
• Yannick Ecker,
• Timothy Higham,
• L. Lee Grismer,
• Benjamin Wipfler,
• Dennis Rödder,
• Anthony Russell and
• Jendrian Riedel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 38–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.4

• incorporated into the locomotor cycle. Since terrestrial and generalist Cyrtodactylus are prevalent in closed habitats and putatively rely more on crypsis than maximum escape speed for predator avoidance [40][86], this trade-off might not pose such a significant selective pressure associated with the secondary

• surface roughness at a scale pertinent to the size and interactions of the epidermal microstructures are generally scarce [30][31][33][80][83][92] and non-existent for arboreal Cyrtodactylus. Among all ecotypes analysed, the crown habitat of trees apparently imposes the strongest selective pressure on

Quantitative estimation of nanoparticle/substrate adhesion by atomic force microscopy

• Aydan Çiçek,
• Markus Kratzer,
• Christian Teichert and
• Christian Mitterer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1–14, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.1

• were plasma-cleaned in a Diener electronic Tetra 30 system at a N2 pressure of 50 Pa for 20 min. Immediately after plasma cleaning, the substrates were loaded in the NP deposition chamber. The NP deposition experiments were conducted using DC magnetron sputter inert gas condensation in a Moorfield

• (QMF), both with a diameter of 125 mm. In this study, only one of the three water-cooled magnetrons, equipped with a Cu target (Kurt J. Lesker, 99.999% purity) with 25.8 mm diameter and 3.2 mm thickness, was used. Prior to deposition, the base pressure in the deposition chamber was pumped down to 6

• 110 mm and the pressure within the aggregation was held constant at 0.5 mbar. The growth of NPs stops after passing through the orifice, where the pressure difference from the aggregation zone to the QMF causes rapid cooling. The QMF allows one to select charged NPs based on their mass-to-charge ratio

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• -propanol, and absolute ethanol and then dried with a nitrogen stream. Oxygen plasma etching (Diener, DE) was carried out for 8 min with 300 W of nominal power (100%), at millibars of oxygen pressure, which creates an OH-terminated layer of hydrophilic silicon oxide. For the hydrophilic functionalization

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• , where science is increasingly driven by commercialization, the pressure to translate fundamental research into immediate technological results has become more pronounced. However, real scientific progress is inherently incremental; it builds upon prior knowledge and often unfolds gradually over time

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• 60 °C. Afterward, the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 40 °C. The obtained oil was then filtered through a 0.45 µm PTFE membrane and stored in amber glass bottles under refrigeration (4 °C) until use. The oil yield was calculated

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• used previously, we re-parameterized the spatula–substrate Lennard-Jones interactions: so that the new surface would have the same pull-off (adhesion) pressure as before. Specifically, several parameter combinations were tested in pull-off simulations against our reference data for gecko keratin [12