Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S7) and more short projections emanating from the soma on the flat substrate (white arrowheads). Quantification of neurite length (Figure 2D) confirms increased neurite length per cell on the nanopillar and nanohole substrates, with means at least 1.2× higher

• neurites preferentially in the direction of the microgrooves (Figure 4A–C and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S14). Quantification of neurite extension shows that only the pillar-groove substrate yielded a statistically different distribution of neurite length per cell compared with the microgroove

• micrographs of cells stained with RP, AF488-anti-β3 tubulin, and DAPI. Quantification of neurite parameters were performed using a semi-automatic method described in our previous study [16]. SEM was also performed to observe the neurite morphology. Further details on the characterization procedures and

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• untreated cells (control) using the MTT assay. Results are expressed as mean values (n = 3) ± SEM. **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.001. Flow cytometric analysis showing cellular uptake of HSA-MPs and CUR-HSA-MPs at a concentration of 25 µg/mL. (A) Flow cytometry graphs; (B) quantification of the mean fluorescence

Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• In this work, a silicon photodiode integrated with a piezoelectric membrane is studied by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) under modulated illumination. Time-dependent KPFM enables simultaneous quantification of the surface photovoltage generated by the photodiode as well as the resulting

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• direct quantification of transverse elastic modulus (ET) of both fiber types, which showed more consistent ET measurements in Technora® than in Kevlar® K29. Nanoscale ET measurements in Technora® also matched exceptionally well with previously reported macroscopic measurements, which would be expected

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• et al. for the detection and quantification of the cardiac disease-associated biomarker troponin I through photothermal and nanozymatic principles [79]. Fe3O4@Au core–shell nanostructures exhibit excellent photothermal conversion and magnetic properties, which have been studied regarding in vivo

Fragmentation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes induced by slow electrons

• Janina Kopyra and
• Hassan Abdoul-Carime

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.81

• these two species, the interaction of slow electrons with the metal chelates also produces a rich variety of fragment anions, which are reported and discussed in the present report. A comprehensive picture of the fragmentation pattern of each ML2 precursor, including the quantification of dissociation

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• combination of CoAl-LDH and α-CoII LH reference spectra. Figure 2B depicts the result of the fits, where excellent agreement is achieved using 57% of LDH and 43% of α-CoII LH. This analysis is an excellent example to show that XANES is a useful technique for LH structure quantification. A detailed description

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• ]. The covalent binding of amine groups of antibodies with carboxyl groups on the NP surfaces through carbodiimide conjugation is commonly accepted because it does not require a modification of the antibodies. After the conjugation of specific antibodies, the quantification of NP–antibody binding

• efficacy is an important factor to improve therapeutic efficacy. Researchers are actively working on quantification methods that are specific, rapid, sensitive, simple, and easy to use. The Lowry assay, UV spectroscopy, Bradford assay, and bicinchoninic acid assay are widely used and accepted methods to

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• -functionalized nickel/silver/graphene quantum dot/graphene hybrid for the colorimetric detection of malathion [28]. This paper describes the development of an electrochemical sensor based on a graphene quantum dot-modified glassy carbon electrode (GQDs/GCE) for the determination and quantification of the

• on a SP Biologic 150 electrochemical workstation at room temperature. A solution of 0.1 M KCl containing 0.05 M K3[Fe(CN)6] was used as an electrolyte to analyze the oxidation–reduction behavior of the working electrode through cyclic voltammetry. For detection and quantification of pesticides

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• used to define sensor sensitivity (Figure 4). The minimum analyte concentration that can be reliably and precisely quantified is expressed by the term “limit of quantification” (LOQ). For estimation, a level of 10·Sb/S is recommended. The kinetics of both chemical recognition and signal transduction

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• . Following the method described in the Experimental section, we have evaluated the ethanol production of encapsulated cells and compared it to the production in a standard suspension culture. The high variability in the densitometric quantification of the ethanol concentration led us to consider these

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• , although quantification of the amount remains approximate. We therefore recommend this approach as a robust methodology for reliable characterization of mass-produced graphene-related 2D materials using confocal Raman spectroscopy. Keywords: few-layer graphene; graphene; metrology; quality control; Raman

• significant fractions of unexfoliated material, quantification can be difficult. When analysing the average spectum from a large number of locations in a bulk sample, the presence of up to 10 wt % graphite can not be reliably identified. When adding processed graphite (“sediment”) into samples, this limit is

• extended up to 50 wt % when analysing the averaged spectrum. However, we have shown that if individual measurement locations are analysed and classified separately, it is possible to identify the presence of this material in the sample, although quantification of the amount remains approximate. As has been

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• ). In addition, the amount of the capping agents (quercetin and caffeic acid) that may be of high importance for potential applications of NPs has been determined. As known, quercetin is one of the main reagents used as a reference standard for the quantification of flavonoids in a sample [67]. The

• , while water-soluble MTT converts to an insoluble purple formazan. Therefore, MTT requires solubilization of insoluble formazan to determine its concentration by absorbance, whereas XTT does not require any solubilization. Therefore, the use of XTT is an excellent solution for the quantification of cells

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• ]. MIRIBEL champions four guiding principles, namely reusability, quantification, practicality, and quality. In nanomedicine, these challenges are further compounded by the fact that the study of NP interactions with biological systems is a multidisciplinary field that ranges from understanding fundamental

• after reasonable search and selection. Secondly, our objective is to emphasize the importance of standardized practices for the investigation of NP dosing, uptake, and transfection to improve the reusability, quantification, practicality and quality in the field of nonviral gene delivery research. Of

• of proteins after transfection. Because organelles (e.g., endosomes) are not uniformly distributed throughout the cell, these 2D imaging methods are rarely accurate for quantification of either uptake or transfection. Nevertheless, they still have been the methods of choice during the last five years

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• weighed and put into a coffee filter. Subsequently, an infusion was made with 1 L of distilled water in a Oster® brand coffee maker. The solution obtained was vacuum filtered and concentrated in a rotary evaporator at 50 °C, 250 rpm, and 42 mbar. Biosynthesis of Ag/AgCl nanoparticles Quantification of

• quantification of Ag/AgCl products at different synthesis temperatures. UV–visible spectroscopy of Ag/AgCl nanoparticle biosynthesis. The maximum absorption peaks are denoted by the arrows. FTIR spectra of Ag/AgCl nanoparticles. The functional groups of the AgNO3 salt are represented by the letters a–f. The

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• gold and palladium and inserted on metal stubs before being dried for a 24 h SEM analysis. Determination of encapsulation efficiency, drug loading and production yield The previously reported UV–vis spectrophotometric quantification method was used to determine the DCX encapsulation efficiency of the

• (LOQ) were determined for validation of the spectrophotometric method used for DCX quantification. Absorbance values for the amount of DCX were converted to concentration according to the standard calibration curve (r2 = 0.994). LOD and LOQ values were calculated as 0.0173 mg/mL and 0.0634 mg/mL

• was washed with ultrapure water (2 mL × six replicates). The solid gelatin was then heated to 60 °C in order to liquefy again. The supernatant was then collected after centrifuging the sample for 25 min at 5500 rpm. The validated quantification method was used to determine the amount of DCX in the

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• photolysis of H2O2. Aliquots were drawn at regular intervals, ultracentrifuged at 7500 rpm, and then subjected to quantification of residual concentration of pollutants using a spectrophotometer (UV 2600 SHIMADZU, Japan). The intermediates formed during the photodegradation of phenol were analysed through a

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• the determination of Kd of the aptamers, a saturation-binding curve to the target was measured with an increasing series of ZIKV60 concentrations. The aptamer quantification was performed by ELONA [23]. ZIKV60 presented a high binding affinity to ZIKV NS1 protein with a Kd value of 2.28 ± 0.28 nM

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• electrocatalytic reduction peak at −0.58 V (vs Ag/AgCl) for rapid quantification of PT due to the amplified electroactive surface area of the modified electrode. At optimized experimental conditions, square-wave voltammetric analysis exhibits higher sensitivity (50.5 μA·μM−1·cm−2), excellent selectivity, excellent

• sensing platform was not cost-effective, stable, and sensitive in order to develop a robust electrochemical nanosensor for on-site monitoring of organophosphates in agricultural samples. To date, no reliable sensing system is available for the rapid quantification of parathion residues in environmental

• PT was tested five times, and the average value was represented with standard deviation. The results also validate the standard spectrophotometric analysis. Quantification of parathion using spectrophotometry The ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectroscopic study was performed to validate

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• efficiency (APE), defined as the fraction of the MNs in the array passing through the stratum corneum layer without damage [24][25]. Further quantification of MN penetration is the fractional penetration length (FPL), defined as the proportion of a MN’s length penetrating the skin relative to its overall

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• debris was then removed by washing the cells three times with PBS and then the wells were replenished with 2 mL of fresh medium without serum. Then, the cells were imaged immediately and 24 h after the scratch. For the quantification of the wound-healing assay, three locations in the image scratch were

• imaging and cell contour maps. (d) Quantitative statistics of the average surface roughness (Ra). (e) Quantification plot of cell height; “ns” means no difference, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. Cytoskeletal microfilaments respond to changes in substrate stiffness on prostate cancer cells. (a) Fluorescence

• images of HPV-PZ-7 and PC-3 cytoskeletal microfilaments of cells seeded on substrates with different stiffness. The scale bar of HPV-PZ-7 cells is 20 μm and the scale bar of PC-3 cells is 10 μm. (b) Anisotropy quantification maps of the fibrillar structure of HPV-PZ-7 and PC-3 cells on substrates with

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• . Finally, membranes were washed in water, dried and photographed by ChemiDoc™ MP Imaging System (Bio-Rad). Densitometric quantification analysis was performed using the built-in Image Lab software. Relative expression levels were presented as ratios of band intensities of HSP70 over the internal control

• supplemented with ethidium bromide. Images of bands were acquired by ChemiDoc™ MP Imaging System (Bio-Rad) and quantification was performed using the built-in Image Lab software. Relative expression levels were presented as ratios of band intensities of HSP70 over the internal control gene GAPDH. qPCR was

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• studies, long-term in vivo studies under mechanical load, quantification of local drug release inside the bone microenvironment are further challenges to be addressed for the efficient clinical translation of TiO2 implants. Titania nanomaterials are gaining popularity as antimicrobial agents due to their

pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages

• Karishma Berta Cotta,
• Sarika Mehra and
• Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84

• antibiotics of this class, like ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin. The quantification of the intra-macrophage accumulation of NOR shows that, cellular uptake is greatly facilitated by drug coated systems too, compared to free drug. Although both drug-coated nanoparticle systems enhance the drug uptake, due to