Preparation and characterization of polycarbonate/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites

• Claudio Larosa,
• Niranjan Patra,
• Marco Salerno,
• Lara Mikac,
• Remo Merijs Meri and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2026–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.203

• appearing in the cooling cycle could be due to the enthalpy relaxation or mesophase transitions. The glass transition observed in the cooling cycle is 9 °C less than the heating cycle. Conclusion PC/MWCNTs composites were prepared as transparent films. The presence of a dispersed, uniform phase in the

Identifying the nature of surface chemical modification for directed self-assembly of block copolymers

• Laura Evangelio,
• Federico Gramazio,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Michaela Gorgoi,
• Francisco Miguel Espinosa,
• Ricardo García,
• Francesc Pérez-Murano and
• Jordi Fraxedas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1972–1981, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.198

• [5][6]. When the BCP self-assembly is used in combination with surface prepatterning, aligned structures of alternative phases of the blocks can be obtained. This is the principle of DSA. The main advantages are a relaxation of the resolution requirements of traditional lithography methods, as the

Intercalation of Si between MoS₂ layers

• Rik van Bremen,
• Qirong Yao,
• Soumya Banerjee,
• Deniz Cakir,
• Nuri Oncel and
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1952–1960, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.196

• structure relaxation. Thus, we suggest that the intercalation of silicon atoms between MoS2 layers may promote the formation of silicene, which interacts only weakly with the environment via van der Waals forces. We found that both top and bottom MoS2 layers develop bumps due to the interaction with the

Coexistence of strongly buckled germanene phases on Al(111)

• Weimin Wang and
• Roger I. G. Uhrberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1946–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.195

• favored an interpretation of the structure as a germanene layer with one Ge atom per (3×3) cell being higher than the other ones and a corresponding model was presented. However, some restrictions during the relaxation prevented their model from being fully relaxed. Starting from their hexagonal model

Spin-dependent transport and functional design in organic ferromagnetic devices

• Guichao Hu,
• Shijie Xie,
• Chuankui Wang and
• Carsten Timm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1919–1931, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.192

• hyperfine interactions in organic materials are usually weak [4], which induces a long spin relaxation time and makes organic materials ideal for spin-polarized transport applications. Organic molecules may form a soft interface with metals and ferromagnets via chemical adsorption. The interfacial orbital

• interlayer has been studied in many experiments, motivated by the long spin relaxation time [4]. Examples are the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and the room-temperature tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) in LSMO/Alq3/Co junctions [6][7][8]. The MR in the ferromagnet/OF/ferromagnet junction Co/poly-BIPO/Co has

Stick–slip boundary friction mode as a second-order phase transition with an inhomogeneous distribution of elastic stress in the contact area

• Iakov A. Lyashenko,
• Vadym N. Borysiuk and
• Valentin L. Popov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1889–1896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.189

• dependence of the friction force with monotonically decreasing coefficient A according to the relaxation law where A0 is the initial value of coefficient A at time t = 0, while is the relaxation time. Equation 18 relates to the increase of the lubricant temperature. The temperature of the lubricant can vary

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄ core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

• Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas,
• Marius Stasys,
• Greta Jarockyte,
• Vilius Poderys,
• Simas Sakirzanovas and
• Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

• ) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectra and magnetic resonance (MR) T1 relaxation measurements were used to characterize the size, crystal structure, optical and magnetic properties of the core and core–shell nanoparticles. Moreover

• . That signifies that the Gd3+ ions in the shell of the UCNPs are the major contributors toward the relaxation of water protons, and the UCNP core does not show any significant effect towards relaxivity enhancement. However, it has been shown in the literature that reduced water access to the Gd3+ ions

α-Silicene as oxidation-resistant ultra-thin coating material

• Ali Kandemir,
• Fadil Iyikanat,
• Cihan Bacaksiz and
• Hasan Sahin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1808–1814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.182

• of at 500 eV. A 3 × 3 × 1 k-point mesh was used for the structural relaxation. The criterion of convergence of energy was chosen as 10−5 eV between two ionic steps, and the maximum force allowed on each atom is 0.1 meV/Å. At least 13 Å of vacuum were applied along z-direction to hinder interactions

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• growth is initiated with a buffer layer consisting of amorphous carbon and carbon onion structures, nanographitic (NG) island formation, or through carbide formation. The factors responsible for the vertical growth are stress relaxation through NG islands, inherent electric field and thermophoretic force

• crystallinity to facilitate grain growth in nanocrystalline materials. This trend, clearly shown in Figure 3c, implies that the initial growth of the vertical sheets can be attributed to the relaxation of stress that starts at grain boundaries of NG islands. The higher growth rates at high temperature could be

Light-induced magnetoresistance in solution-processed planar hybrid devices measured under ambient conditions

• Sreetama Banerjee,
• Daniel Bülz,
• Danny Reuter,
• Karla Hiller,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Georgeta Salvan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1502–1507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.150

• exhibit a slower carrier relaxation. This can be attributed to higher electric fields and shorter charge-carrier transit times in the shorter channels of the HED-TIEs (ca. 100 nm) compared to that of OFETs (20 µm). Also the magnitude of switching in the HED-TIE device for both light and magnetic field was

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• Gd3+ ions on the surface, the NPs reduce the MR T1 relaxation time constant as a function of their concentration. Thus, the NPs can be used as a MRI CA with a mean relaxivity of about r = 0.471 mL·mg−1·s−1. Repeated MRI examinations of four different batches prove the reproducibility of the NP

• CaF2:(Tb3+,Gd3+) NPs with concentrations in the range from 0.4 to 18.2 mg·mL−1 is shown in Figure 4a. Due to the different concentrations of the samples, the T1 relaxation time constants vary and therefore, different signal intensities are observable at different time points. To evaluate the potential

• values of the NPs vary from 137 to 1633 ms with decreasing concentrations. Plotting the relaxation rate R1 (inverse relaxation time T1) over the concentration of the samples, the relaxivity r arises from the slope of the linear fit (cf. Equation 1, Figure 4c). The relaxivity indicates the efficiency of

Formation of ferromagnetic molecular thin films from blends by annealing

• Peter Robaschik,
• Ye Ma,
• Salahud Din and
• Sandrine Heutz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1469–1475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.146

• β-MnPc powder showing a slow relaxation of magnetisation [30][31]. Further studies by Wang and Seehra were able to rule out spin-glass behaviour and found that the zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameter |D|/kB = 8.3 K is much larger than the coupling constant J/kB = 2.6 K [32]. According to Moriya, in

Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists

• Konstantin L. Ivanov,
• Alexander Wagenpfahl,
• Carsten Deibel and
• Jörg Matysik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1427–1445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.143

• evolution (driven by the radical pairs Hamiltonian, ), spin relaxation and chemical reactions. Additionally, one can take into account the relative motion, which is described by a corresponding operator , for instance, for diffusing radicals with the reflecting boundary condition at closest approach (here

• D is the relative diffusion coefficient, Δr is the Laplace operator where r is the distance between the radicals. The equation for the density matrix takes the following form: where the portion of the equation in square brackets is the commutator, is the relaxation super-operator and the super

• -operator stands for spin selective recombination. Here, for simplicity, we do not discuss relaxation effects. When the radical pair selectively recombines from the singlet state, acts on the density matrix in the following way: Where wS(r) is the position-dependent recombination rate, is the projection

Charge transport in organic nanocrystal diodes based on rolled-up robust nanomembrane contacts

• Vineeth Kumar Bandari,
• Lakshmi Varadharajan,
• Longqian Xu,
• Abdur Rehman Jalil,
• Mirunalini Devarajulu,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Feng Zhu and
• Oliver G. Schmidt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1277–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.129

• tedious problem. Part of the authors of this report have developed a novel ‘rolled-up nanotechnology’ to tackle this challenge [17][18][19]. By this method, strained nanomembranes are released from a substrate surface and the elastic relaxation of the built-in strain gradient triggers a self-rolling

Assembly of metallic nanoparticle arrays on glass via nanoimprinting and thin-film dewetting

• Sun-Kyu Lee,
• Sori Hwang,
• Yoon-Kee Kim and
• Yong-Jun Oh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1049–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.106

• substitute in those processes for the fabrication of topographic surfaces. For easier and faster processing, the imprinted resists should be directly used as a functional layer. Therefore, they must have adequate thermal and mechanical stability without undergoing relaxation during the dewetting of the

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• given in parentheses. Values without error estimate are held fixed or constrained in the relaxation. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Slovenian Research Agency research programmes P1-0134, P1-0112, and P1-0125, and by DESY and the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7

BTEX detection with composites of ethylenevinyl acetate and nanostructured carbon

• Santa Stepina,
• Astrida Berzina,
• Gita Sakale and
• Maris Knite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 982–988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.100

• change of the electrical resistance is measured when VOC vapours are applied in a certain concentration for a certain amount of time. Stage 3 is the relaxation: The electrical resistance gradually decreases to the initial value. During the three stages the relative change of the electrical resistance

• varies as shown in Figure 2. The highest peak of this curve is marked as ΔR/R0 max. This is the maximal relative change of the electrical resistance at the end of the exposure time, for example, at 60 s. By changing the exposure time, the value of ΔR/R0 max and the relaxation time will change. If the

Near-field surface plasmon field enhancement induced by rippled surfaces

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Francesco Fuso,
• Ruggero Micheletto,
• Makoto Naruse,
• Francesco Tantussi and
• Maria Allegrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.97

• Drude model, where ωp = 2.183 × 1015 s−1 is the free-electron plasma frequency and γ = 1.41 × 1014 rad·s−1 is the relaxation rate. A possible approach to calculate the incoherent contribution is the so-called small-roughness approach, previously developed by Ishimaru et al. [42]. Following this approach

Tuning the spin coherence time of Cu(II)−(bis)oxamato and Cu(II)−(bis)oxamidato complexes by advanced ESR pulse protocols

• Ruslan Zaripov,
• Evgeniya Vavilova,
• Iskander Khairuzhdinov,
• Kev Salikhov,
• Violeta Voronkova,
• Mohammad A. Abdulmalic,
• Francois E. Meva,
• Saddam Weheabby,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Vladislav Kataev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 943–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.96

• Materials Research IFW Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.8.96 Abstract We have investigated with the pulsed ESR technique at X- and Q-band frequencies the coherence and relaxation of Cu spins S = 1/2 in

• techniques in some detail [8][9][10][11]. On the other hand, the dynamics of electron spins, the spin coherence and spin relaxation processes in such complexes have been scarcely addressed so far. Such knowledge is however equally important from the fundamental point of view and also by considering possible

• containing less 14N nuclei and protons. In fact, a multi-pulse CPMG sequence which can slow down the phase relaxation of electron spins as compared to the primary echo, the effect which we earlier suggested to be a manifestation of the quantum Zeno effect in multi-pulse experiments [20], can be proposed as a

Vapor-phase-synthesized fluoroacrylate polymer thin films: thermal stability and structural properties

• Paul Christian and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 933–942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.95

• -prepared sample. Upon recrystallization under cooling, the Bragg peaks are slightly shifted towards higher q-values (see Figure 5a,b); the bilayer distance is reduced with respect to the as-prepared state and minor relaxation has occurred in the p-PFDA unit cell. While this difference diminishes in

First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

• Andreas Taubert,
• Ruben Löbbicke,
• Barbara Kirchner and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

• refined by using CPEp and CPEs constant phase angle elements, which are related to the dielectric relaxation of the material and electrode phenomena, respectively. Their related impedance is expressed as CPEp = K−1(jω)−n and CPEs = Q−1(jω)−p (0 ≤ (n, p) ≤ 1). Computational methodology. The ab initio

• of MBA40IL. The peak maximum in intensity (ω·τ = 1) is the relaxation time (Figure 14a) [54], and their positions are plotted against the inverse of the temperature (Figure 14b). Once again, an Arrhenius-type behavior with the presence of two defined slopes is observed. The associated energy of

• dielectric relaxation can be obtained as: Er = 0.72 eV in the lower temperature range and Er = 0.38 eV in the higher temperature window. It is likely that the same charge carriers are responsible for the conductivity and dielectric properties. The slight deviation between the energy of activation and the

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

• Zhenbo Wang and
• Ke Lu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 547–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.59

• nanostructured metals are typically 0.5–0.9 of those along GBs in CG samples when no distinct relaxation or grain growth occurs. Additionally, no dependence on the preparation method or grain size is indicated. 3) The effect of grain size on diffusivity seems to be rather weak within the scale regime from 10 to

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• ferromagnetic materials because of distinctive magnetic properties such as an exponential dependence of the magnetization relaxation time on the volume of a particle [4], high susceptibility, many available crystal structures [5] and the uniaxial magnetic axis in hexagonal close-package (hcp) cobalt [6], which

Tunable plasmons in regular planar arrays of graphene nanoribbons with armchair and zigzag-shaped edges

• Cristian Vacacela Gomez,
• Michele Pisarra,
• Mario Gravina and
• Antonello Sindona

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 172–182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.18

• . 105 PWs. In the GNR arrays, the C–C length is allowed to range from 1.414 to 1.426 Å, while the C–H bond length is fixed to 1.09 Å, with a bond-angle of 120 °(as shown in [31] relaxation effects play a minor role in 4ZGNR and 5AGNR). The 3D periodicity required by PW-DFT is generated by using an in

Electron energy relaxation under terahertz excitation in (Cd_1−xZn_x)₃As₂ Dirac semimetals

• Alexandra V. Galeeva,
• Ivan V. Krylov,
• Konstantin A. Drozdov,
• Anatoly F. Knjazev,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Vasily S. Zakhvalinskii,
• Sergey N. Danilov,
• Ludmila I. Ryabova and
• Dmitry R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 167–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.17