Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• solution was poured into an 80 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and maintained at 200 °C inside an oven. The bluish precipitate was obtained through washing, centrifugation and drying at 80 °C. Finally, after annealing at 500 °C in air for 2 h, the as-prepared blue precursor was converted to faint

Kelvin probe force microscopy of the nanoscale electrical surface potential barrier of metal/semiconductor interfaces in ambient atmosphere

• Petr Knotek,
• Tomáš Plecháček,
• Jan Smolík,
• Petr Kutálek,
• Filip Dvořák,
• Milan Vlček,
• Jiří Navrátil and
• Čestmír Drašar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1401–1411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.138

• Coating System (Bio-Rad) in Ar atmosphere (p ≈ 20 Pa, I = 18 mA, U = 1.4 kV) from pure metal sheets (Mo 4N, Au 4N). For preparing separated Au nanoparticles under the same sputtering conditions, however, a stainless steel mask (system of 100 × 500 μm2 holes, 200 holes/cm2) between the substrate and target

Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi₂O₄ microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Weilong Shi,
• Mingyang Li,
• Hongji Ren,
• Feng Guo,
• Xiliu Huang,
• Yu Shi and
• Yubin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1360–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.134

• dissolved in distilled water (70 mL) and constantly stirred for 3 h. Then, the mixed precursor was transferred into a 100 mL steel autoclave and heated for 24 h at 180 °C. The precipitate was washed with distilled water, and dried at 60 °C for 12 h to obtain the CBO microrods. Au nanoparticles were loaded

Glucose-derived carbon materials with tailored properties as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Rafael Gomes Morais,
• Natalia Rey-Raap,
• José Luís Figueiredo and
• Manuel Fernando Ribeiro Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1089–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.109

• prepared from an initial solution of glucose (HiMedia, >99%) and deionized water (produced by filtration through inverse osmose by a Panice device) in a 1:6 ratio. The solutions were mixed and then closed in a teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and hydrothermally carbonized during 12 h at 180 °C. The

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• cell design The Li/O2 cell consisted of a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cell body (Figure 1a) with a stainless steel (SS) stub (Figure 1b) that allowed electrical contact to glassy carbon cathode (Figure 1c) as shown in Figure 1. For AFM experiments, the design challenge was to allow the AFM tip contact

• of a donut-shaped polyethylene separator (Figure 1d) and lithium (Figure 1e) anode. The electrical contact to the lithium anode was made using stainless steel (Figure 1b). The entire assembly was performed inside of the glove box (<0.1 ppm H2O and O2), allowing the assembled cell to be free of

• ] using this in situ AFM set-up we monitored surface changes on the products of a Na–oxygen discharge reaction. The terms electrochemical cell and battery are used interchangeably in this study. Upon cell assembly, electrical connections were made between the lithium and carbon stainless steel contacts

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• 100 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave, sealed and maintained at 180 °C for 12 h, then cooled naturally and washed with ethanol and distilled water. The product was dried at 60 °C for 10 h. The as-prepared CdIn2S4/CCN samples with 1, 3, 5 and 10 wt % CdIn2S4 were denoted as CISCCN1, CISCCN3

An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• PVA/H2SO4 polymer gel electrolyte and the fabrication of SSHSC is given in Supporting Information File 1. Then, the assembly was placed between two Perspex sheets, along with stainless-steel plates as current collectors. An optical image showing different parts of the fabricated supercapacitors is

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• stainless steel tube and a carbon fiber as the anode and cathode under the action of a circular electric field, respectively, resulting in a cylindrical fibrous structure. The control over the electrodeposition voltage and time allowed for the fabrication of fibers with different thicknesses, and the

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• chloride (CPVC) CHC-15 crystal holders from Inficon inside a stainless steel cell with a total volume about 200 mL. Two 9 MHz AT-cut QCM crystals (Inficon) are used in each experiment, where one uncoated disk is used as a reference to correct possible frequency drifts mainly due to temperature or gas flow

Biological and biomimetic surfaces: adhesion, friction and wetting phenomena

• Stanislav N. Gorb,
• Kerstin Koch and
• Lars Heepe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 481–482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.48

• collected articles are devoted to surface-related effects in engineered surfaces, such as multilayered composites, carbon nanofibers, textured steel surfaces, and micropatterned elastomer surfaces. Three articles present recent work on the development of a novel fabrication technique for biomaterials and of

One-step nonhydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ phosphonate hybrid materials

• Yanhui Wang,
• P. Hubert Mutin and
• Johan G. Alauzun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 356–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.35

• mmol), acetophenone (1.44 g, 12.00 mmol), C8H17PO3Et2 (0 mmol, 0.24 mmol, 0.60 mmol, 1.20 mmol, or 2.40 mmol) and toluene (8.0 mL) were mixed in a stainless steel digestion vessel with a PTFE lining (23 mL). The sealed autoclave was heated in an oven at 200 °C for 12 h under autogenous pressure. After

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• nickel hydroxide without binders has become a hot topic in recent years. For instance, Ni(OH)2 active materials have been loaded on stainless steel [21], carbon foam [22] and three-dimensional (3D) graphite foam [23]. Furthermore, 3D porous nickel materials have been used extensively as conductive

Sputtering of silicon nanopowders by an argon cluster ion beam

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Zhenguo Wang,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Sergey Belykh,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 135–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.13

• by plasma arc techniques). The Si nanopowder was pressed into pellets with a diameter of 17 mm and thickness of 160–290 µm at different loads during 10 min by a mechanical press. Then, the pellets were cut into 5 × 5 mm2 samples and mounted on a steel substrate holder of the same size. Since in the

Graphene–graphite hybrid epoxy composites with controllable workability for thermal management

• Idan Levy,
• Eyal Merary Wormser,
• Maxim Varenik,
• Matat Buzaglo,
• Roey Nadiv and
• Oren Regev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 95–104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.9

• ) operated in cone and plate arrangements (stainless steel cone, with a 40 mm diameter and a 4° cone angle) at 25 °C. The shear rate was swept between 0.01–100 1/s, and each measurement was performed at steady-state flow at a shear rate of 0.01 1/s to extract the viscosity [51][68]. Functional thermal

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• case, the bandgap values decreased with increasing metal dopant content, down to 3.93 eV for 4 atom % Nd [24]. The FTO films were also successfully tested for other applications such as anticorrosive coatings on steel for fuel cell bipolar plates [25], sensors for liquefied petroleum gas [26

The effect of flexible joint-like elements on the adhesive performance of nature-inspired bent mushroom-like fibers

• Elliot Geikowsky,
• Serdar Gorumlu and
• Burak Aksak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2893–2905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.268

• a steel sphere for easy alignment. d) Directions defined for the LDP tests, where gripping direction slides in favor of the actual deformation of the fibers, whereas in releasing the sliding slides against the bending of the fibers. Fabrication sequence of bent fibers. a) Metal sphere brought in

Biomimetic surface structures in steel fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses: influence of laser rescanning on morphology and wettability

• Camilo Florian Baron,
• Alexandros Mimidis,
• Daniel Puerto,
• Evangelos Skoulas,
• Emmanuel Stratakis,
• Javier Solis and
• Jan Siegel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2802–2812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.262

• allows fabrication of specific micro- and nanostructures over extended areas. In this work, we exploit this approach to fabricate complex biomimetic structures on the surface of steel 1.7131 formed upon irradiation with high repetition rate femtosecond laser pulses. In particular, the fabricated

• surface structures; laser rescanning; steel; wettability; Introduction Complex structures found in nature often present properties that are attractive for applications in science and technology. The hydrophobicity found at the lotus leaf surface [1], the exceptional adhesion capability of gecko feet [2

• surface morphology. We present experimental results of complex self-organized structures produced in commercial steel that resemble the morphology of the skin of certain reptiles and insects, which are of great interest due to their exceptional fluid transport and friction reduction properties. Surface

Magnetic and luminescent coordination networks based on imidazolium salts and lanthanides for sensitive ratiometric thermometry

• Pierre Farger,
• Cédric Leuvrey,
• Mathieu Gallart,
• Pierre Gilliot,
• Guillaume Rogez,
• João Rocha,
• Duarte Ananias,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Emilie Delahaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2775–2787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.259

• (L)(ox)(H2O)] were obtained with Ln = Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+ and Yb3+ by reacting a water/ethanol solution of the lanthanide nitrate and oxalic acid (H2ox) with [HL]. The mixture was sealed in a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and heated at 393 K for 72 h. After cooling to room

• /ethanol solution (1.5 mL). The solution was sealed in a Teflon-line stainless steel bomb (6 mL) and heated at 393 K for 72 h. After cooling to room temperature, the bomb was opened and colorless crystals were filtered and washed with ethanol and dried at room temperature. Yields were between 41% and 59

Optimization of Mo/Cr bilayer back contacts for thin-film solar cells

• Nima Khoshsirat,
• Fawad Ali,
• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• Mojtaba Amjadipour,
• Hongxia Wang,
• Mahnaz Shafiei and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2700–2707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.252

• such as glass or stainless steel [17][18][19][20][21]. Cr forms an oxide interface layer by scavenging the oxygen available on the glass surface during the sputtering process. This creates nucleation centers and promotes nucleation of the next deposited material (in this case Mo), leading to a strong

• adhesion of Mo to the substrates [22][23][24]. The Mo/Cr back contact has been already proposed in flexible thin-film solar cells on metallic foils and stainless steel [25][26][27][28]. However, in these reports Cr was used as a barrier layer to reduce/prevent impurity out-diffusion from the metallic

Characterization of the microscopic tribological properties of sandfish (Scincus scincus) scales by atomic force microscopy

• Weibin Wu,
• Christian Lutz,
• Simon Mersch,
• Richard Thelen,
• Christian Greiner,
• Guillaume Gomard and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2618–2627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.243

• their skin [2][3][6][7][8][9]. This contradicts everyday experience because a tiny grain of sand easily scratches practically any technical surface even hard ones such as glass or steel. The widely applied sandblasting, for example, is based on this effect. The sandfish, however, moults its skin only

• is indeed lower than those of other technical surfaces such as aluminium (θ = 25°), steel (θ = 26°) or Teflon (θ = 35°), which were examined with the same sand and setup [3]. Interestingly, granular friction angles reported for closely related but not sand-swimming lizards such as the banded skink

• caught between the body and the rest of the sand, leading to a classical three-body abrasion system. Previous studies based on the granular approach indicated that sandfish skin got less damage and resisted wear much better than Teflon, glass or even steel [3][7][8]. We, therefore, investigated the

Friction reduction through biologically inspired scale-like laser surface textures

• Johannes Schneider,
• Vergil Djamiykov and
• Christian Greiner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2561–2572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.238

• scales found on lizards and snakes, has come to the attention of tribologists. Here, we present results of the lubricated and unlubricated performance of biologically inspired scale-like textures applied with laser light to the surface of bearing steel pins. These were paired in unidirectional sliding

• biologically inspired surface morphology has the potential to reduce friction forces by more than 80%. However, under certain conditions, especially for slow-moving lubricated steel-on-steel and steel-on-ceramic contacts, these surface morphologies may increase friction as well. Similar to classical laser

• . In contrast, our own previous work aimed at retaining the advantages of using laser light to generate a morphological scale-like surface texture [23]. We successfully textured bearing steel surfaces with scale-like morphological patterns and were able to reduce dry friction forces by more than 40

Effect of electrospinning process variables on the size of polymer fibers and bead-on-string structures established with a 2³ factorial design

• Paulina Korycka,
• Adam Mirek,
• Katarzyna Kramek-Romanowska,
• Marcin Grzeczkowicz and
• Dorota Lewińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2466–2478, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.231

• in ethanol 96% (w/w), purchased from Polmos (Poland), were made with the following concentrations: 8% (w/w), 12% (w/w), 14% (w/w), and 20% (w/w). Electrospinning setup The weighted portion of PVP solution was delivered to a steel nozzle with an infusion pump. The nozzle had an inner diameter of 0.6

Droplet-based synthesis of homogeneous magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Christian D. Ahrberg,
• Ji Wook Choi and
• Bong Geun Chung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2413–2420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.226

• steel reactor has been used by Laura Uson et al. for the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles through a thermal decomposition reaction [24]. Microfluidic reactions can be operated using continuous flow or segmented flow. While single-phase continuous flow is simpler to operate, the laminar flow profile

Nanotribology

• Enrico Gnecco,
• Susan Perkin,
• Andrea Vanossi and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2330–2331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.217

• including nanodiamonds [1] and novel materials such as nitrogen-doped graphene oxide [2] and imidazolium-based ionic liquids [3] used as additives to mineral oils. Standard large-scale applications to steel surfaces, but also to a material of key importance in micro- and nanoelecromechanical systems, i.e

• ., silicon oxide, are recognized. The quality of the surface condition is addressed experimentally by the example of cryogenically treated martensitic stainless steel [4] and theoretically by an analysis of the influence of micro-dimple textures on hydrodynamic lubrication [5]. On a more fundamental level

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• inside a stainless steel needle. The electrospinning setup and resulting hollow fibers are shown in Figure 5. Choi et al. [75] synthesized macroporous WO3 NTs using coaxial electrospinning combined with sacrificial templating. A porous structure using colloidal polystyrene (PS) particles in a solution