TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• result of thermal evaporation of WO3 powder on the complex TiOx/Pt3Ti(111) surfaces under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The physisorbed tritungsten nano-oxides were found as isolated single units located on the metallic attraction points or as supramolecular self-assemblies with a W3O9-capped hexagonal

• observed. The findings boost progress toward template-directed nucleation, growth, networking, and charge state manipulation of functional molecular nanostructures on surfaces using operando techniques. Keywords: atom manipulation; scanning tunneling microscopy; supramolecular self-assemblies; titanium

• (e.g., polyoxometalates [5][6]) with many distinct and stable redox states. Recently, representatives of this interesting chemical class have also been shown to act as stable single-molecule three‐state transistors [7]. However, controlled adsorption and molecular ordering on surfaces remain

Imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells by helium ion microscopy

• Natalie Frese,
• Patrick Schmerer,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Matthias Schürmann,
• Matthias König,
• Michael Westphal,
• Friedemann Weber,
• Holger Sudhoff and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 172–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.13

• Natalie Frese Patrick Schmerer Martin Wortmann Matthias Schurmann Matthias Konig Michael Westphal Friedemann Weber Holger Sudhoff Armin Golzhauser Physics of Supramolecular Systems and Surfaces, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany Institute of Virology, Faculty of

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• negative charges) are induced by the same amount on the surfaces of the friction layers. As there is no electric potential at this stage, there is no electron transfer between the two conductive layers (Figure 2b-I). When the two friction layers start to separate along the vertical direction, opposite

• process or to rotary screen printing, which enables a facile and high-throughput printing on curved surfaces. The deposition process assisted with soft stencils is another “bottom-up” method for the preparation of functional materials on flexible and irregular surfaces. Even though P-TENGs require

• the design of certain structures, such as solar sails [130]. Dudte et al. provided a scale-independent optimization algorithm to program the problem of determining generalized Miura-ori tessellations that conform to prescribed surfaces [131]. The flat and folded unit cells of a standard and of a

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• permeability and leads to bacterial death [71][76]. Another therapeutic approach lies in the bactericidal activity of functionalized silver nanoparticles coated on surfaces. This method is applicable in developing aseptic catheters to prevent catheter-related infections such as urinary tract and venous

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• Rene Riedel Natalie Frese Fang Yang Martin Wortmann Raphael Dalpke Daniel Rhinow Norbert Hampp Armin Golzhauser Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Sciences Center, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35032 Marburg, Germany Physics of Supramolecular Systems and Surfaces, Faculty of

• . Cleaning of the Au surfaces was achieved with an UV/ozone-cleaner (FHR Anlagenbau GmbH, UVOH 150 LAB) and subsequent immersing in absolute ethanol (AnalaR NORMAPUR, VWR Chemicals). The SAMs were prepared by immersion of the cleaned Au substrate into a solution (approx. 10 mM) of 4′-nitro-1,1′-biphenyl-4

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

• Dorothee Silbernagl,
• Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
• Natalia Cano Murillo,
• Anna Maria Elert and
• Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

• range, <10 nm), and chemical forces (short range, <2 nm). By keeping the system in equilibrium (avoiding a snap onto the sample surface) the attractive forces at the surfaces are mapped, recording the change of resonance frequency due to the interacting attractive forces [23]. This method has not only

• depth of the sample, possible impurities on the sample surface or on the tip have less influence on Fattr. This is unexpected since similar approaches, such as ncAFM and cAFM, rely heavily on clean surfaces. It is not clear yet if this difference is due to either investigating soft organic materials

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• lipid peroxidation [29]. When UCNPs are applied in life sciences, it is usually necessary to modify their surfaces with hydrophilic ligands or layers [21][30][31]. These coatings can also prevent, to some extent, the interaction between UCNPs and the aqueous environment and, consequently, reduce their

• protect UCNPs surfaces from dissolution. In contrast to a more complex polymeric coating, silica surfaces can be easily functionalized with a wide range of coupling agents and biomolecules, and the interior of the silica shell can be modified by integrating dye molecules, for example. However, amorphous

Atomic layer deposited films of Al₂O₃ on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes: stability and barrier properties

• Hana Krýsová,
• Michael Neumann-Spallart,
• Hana Tarábková,
• Pavel Janda,
• Ladislav Kavan and
• Josef Krýsa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 24–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.2

• ; Introduction Surface coverage by thin films for the improvement of mechanical, optical, and electrochemical properties of solid surfaces is of great technological importance. In this context, corrosion, which is an electrochemical process, is the main concern. In an oxidizing and humid atmosphere

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• blackening of the charged areas in the micrograph. Charge compensation One of the most frequently cited advantages of using HIM compared to SEM for bio-imaging is the possibility to image typically non-conductive biological specimens without the prior coating with a thin layer of metal to make their surfaces

• ]. Samples can be stored in about 70% ethanol prior to drying. Drying The next stage in sample preparation of biological samples focuses on drying to avoid damages to fragile cell surfaces, internal structures, EPS, biofilms, or mineral associations. In the following, a brief overview over different

• that coating, as required for SEM, introduces artefacts such as a granular structure on the cell surfaces and a partial closing of pores, thus highlighting one of the benefits of HIM. Bazou et al. also studied tumour cell-induced platelet aggregation by fluorescence microscopy and HIM. In this study

Free and partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes

• Saja Al-Khabouri,
• Salim Al-Harthi,
• Toru Maekawa,
• Mohamed E. Elzain,
• Ashraf Al-Hinai,
• Ahmed D. Al-Rawas,
• Abbsher M. Gismelseed,
• Ali A. Yousif and
• Myo Tay Zar Myint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1891–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.170

• MWCNTs is similar to that of pristine MWCNTs. This explanation is consistent with STEM images and EDS mappings presented in Figure 4, which show MnFe2O4 particles inside the tubes and attached to the external surfaces of the MWCNTs. The first and the second peak in the UPS spectrum of MnFe2O4/MWCNTs

• MnOOH at the surfaces of the nanoparticles. Although the blocking temperature is approx. 400 K, at 300 K the nanoparticles showed dominant ferrimagnetic and little superparamagnetic behavior due to the presence of small-sized particles. MnFe2O4 nanoparticles revealed a higher degree of inversion and a

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• catalyst surfaces are negatively charged, which leads to a repulsion of the negatively charged carboxylate functional groups of the dye molecule [51][54][59]. In addition, due to electrostatic interactions, RhB dimers are formed, which affects the charge density throughout the molecule and possibly leads

Self-standing heterostructured NiC_x-NiFe-NC/biochar as a highly efficient cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries

• Shengyu Jing,
• Xu Gong,
• Shan Ji,
• Linhui Jia,
• Bruno G. Pollet,
• Sheng Yan and
• Huagen Liang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1809–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.163

• ), larger lumps were observed in the SEM image of NiFe-PBA/PP-900 after the first discharge (Figure 7a and Figure 7c). The surfaces of the grape-like particles were completely covered by newly formed Li2O2. It was reported that Li2O2 with a film-like morphology is easily decomposed at a low charge voltage

Mapping of integrated PIN diodes with a 3D architecture by scanning microwave impedance microscopy and dynamic spectroscopy

• Rosine Coq Germanicus,
• Peter De Wolf,
• Florent Lallemand,
• Catherine Bunel,
• Serge Bardy,
• Hugues Murray and
• Ulrike Lüders

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1764–1775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.159

• Rosine Coq Germanicus Peter De Wolf Florent Lallemand Catherine Bunel Serge Bardy Hugues Murray Ulrike Luders Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, CRISMAT, 14000 Caen, France Bruker Nano Surfaces, 112 Robin Hill Road, CA 93117, Santa Barbara, USA Murata Integrated Passive Solutions, 2

Direct observation of the Si(110)-(16×2) surface reconstruction by atomic force microscopy

• Tatsuya Yamamoto,
• Ryo Izumi,
• Kazushi Miki,
• Takahiro Yamasaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1750–1756, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.157

• other group IV surfaces. Although considerable research has been carried out to determine the atomic structure of the Si(110)-(16×2) reconstruction, no good structural model has been established. Specifically, the interpretation of pentagons remains controversial. As the structural model, the adatom

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• , including CNTs [25]. Premature removal by the RES will inevitably hamper the absorption efficiency, resulting in a decrease of circulating half-life and reduced bioavailability at the intended delivery site [26][27]. Several strategies have been developed to modify particle surfaces to address this

Application of contact-resonance AFM methods to polymer samples

• Sebastian Friedrich and
• Brunero Cappella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1714–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.154

• such results must still be confirmed by further studies, it is evident that ripples change the roughness of the sample, the geometry of the contacting surfaces and, hence, the contact area, which plays a crucial role in the characterization of mechanical properties. Even when ripples are not formed and

Seebeck coefficient of silicon nanowire forests doped by thermal diffusion

• Shaimaa Elyamny,
• Elisabetta Dimaggio and
• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1707–1713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.153

• require an oxidation of the surface for the trapping of the doping species. However, the reduction of the thermal conductivity, which is the aim of the nanoscale structuring, relies on the roughness of the nanowire surfaces, and the smoothing produced by the oxide growth would heavily reduce this effect

• not uniform, because phosporous diffuses from the surfaces generating an exponential (error function-like) profile inside the nanowire. It must be noted that the standard diffusion doping process, used in the fabrication of integrated devices, consists of two steps. First, there is a predeposition

• applications, we cannot afford an oxidization process, because it would smooth the surfaces. The reduction of the thermal conductivity, which is essential for good thermoelectric features, relies on the roughness of the surfaces, which would be compromised by an oxidation step. Hence, the best solution is to

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

• molecule from a metal substrate by a monolayer of hBN we chose PTCDA and the Cu(111) surface. PTCDA serves as a planar model molecule for investigations of organic layers on surfaces [20][21][22][23]. Monolayers of hBN on Cu(111) have been investigated by several groups and are, hence, rather well

• ]. This again points to a difference in the bonding character on the two surfaces. Several studies have probed the influence of the adsorption on metal-supported hBN layers on the electronic structure of large organic molecules, namely their frontier orbitals, by PES [36] or STS [37][38]. However, to the

• investigation of the two surfaces, including low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) patterns, are given in Appendix A. Since the interpretation of the optical data requires this knowledge, we summarize some details ahead here. PTCDA forms ordered structures and follows a layer-by-layer growth for at least the

Selective detection of complex gas mixtures using point contacts: concept, method and tools

• Alexander P. Pospelov,
• Victor I. Belan,
• Dmytro O. Harbuz,
• Volodymyr L. Vakula,
• Lyudmila V. Kamarchuk,
• Yuliya V. Volkova and
• Gennadii V. Kamarchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1631–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.146

• process of exposure, components of the exhaled breath diffuse through the condensate film to the surfaces of the conduction channels of the point-contact matrix. This impacts the resistance characteristics of each one of the point-contact nanostructures and, as a result, the resistance of the whole matrix

• their quantity through a chain of mediators (transmitters), the last of which is recognized by the surfaces of the atomic structures of the gas-sensitive array (i.e., the Yanson point contacts). As a result, we can quantitatively estimate, with a probability of 95%, the stress level in the body. Wide

PTCDA adsorption on CaF₂ thin films

• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1615–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.144

• functionality. Here, the molecular properties of 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) adsorbed on insulating CaF2 thin films that were grown on Si(111) surfaces are studied. Scanning tunnelling microscopy is used to compare the properties of PTCDA molecules adsorbed on a partly CaF1-covered Si

• of 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) on metal [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], semiconductor [13], and insulator surfaces [14][15][16][17][18][19], as well as the deposition on conducting surfaces covered by insulating thin films [20][21][22][23][24] or two-dimensional materials [25]. It

• is also noteworthy that PTCDA on bulk NaCl(001) surfaces shows long-range order with a dewetting transition at a certain coverage [18], while experiments using NaCl thin films on Cu(111) revealed an absence of long-range order with molecules rather bound to step edges [22]. Explanations for this

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• energy of the NPs. The surfaces of spherical particles have high-index crystallographic planes, which increase the surface energy of synthesized NPs [35]. The average particle size was approximately 40 ± 5 nm, and the agglomerated particles tended to form large particles. The Ag2S NPs prepared in the

• the Ag2S NP surfaces. The reason for the formation of monodisperse Ag2S NPs when CTAB was used as a surfactant can be ascribed to the deposition of CTAB on the Ag2S NP surface, which resulted in a certain repulsive force to other Ag2S NPs. This force may have prevented the agglomeration of the Ag2S

• NPs. CTAB has a positive surface charge [36], and CTAB molecules accumulated on the surfaces of the Ag2S NPs and repelled other Ag2S NPs due to the mobile electronic charges in Ag2S (negative surface charge). The FTIR spectra of the Ag2S NPs prepared with and without the CTAB surfactant measured in

Detecting stable adsorbates of (1S)-camphor on Cu(111) with Bayesian optimization

• Jari Järvi,
• Patrick Rinke and
• Milica Todorović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1577–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.140

• electronic properties of the material. Assemblies of organic molecules on surfaces have been studied experimentally, for example with X-ray diffraction [4][5], scanning tunneling microscopy [6][7][8] and atomic force microscopy (AFM) [9][10][11]. These methods have a considerable resolution in imaging planar

• surface structures, but interpreting images of bulky three-dimensional molecules on surfaces can be difficult, which prevents an accurate structure determination. In such cases, computations can help in detecting the most stable structures. With atomistic simulations, we can determine the optimal

• with van der Waals (vdW) corrections employing the vdWsurf parametrization [45] of the Tkatchenko–Scheffler method [46]. Previous work found that PBE + vdWsurf adequately describes organic molecules on metal surfaces [45][47][48]. Our converged settings employ tier-1 basis sets with light grid settings

Fabrication of nano/microstructures for SERS substrates using an electrochemical method

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Xiaoping Li,
• Junjie Yang,
• Zhengkai Li,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Xinming Zhang and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.139

• ion beam (FIB) technology can also be used to directly fabricate high-precision nanostructures on surfaces made of silicon, silicon dioxide and metal [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. FIB technology is therefore used as a processing method for SERS substrates. Using the FIB method, Lin et al. [29

• spots decreases. Sivashanmugan et al. [32] employed FIB technology to prepare nanostructures on silicon surfaces, which were then coated with Au and Ag films to generate SERS substrates. The enhancement factor range of R6G using the substrate was between 2.62 × 106 and 1.74 × 107. Gao et al. [33

• for fabricating sensitive three-dimensional SERS substrates. First, by controlling the parameters of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment, arrayed nanopores were formed on a Mg surface. Then, the nanopore surfaces were coated by incubating them with Au films for different lengths of time. The

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• (MicroChem, Newton MA). After curing, the PDMS slab was sealed with a PDMS-coated glass wafer using a corona wand (Electro Technic Products, Chicago, IL), creating microchannels where all the internal surfaces are made of PDMS and have the same wall zeta potential (ζW), ensuring consistent EO flow. The

Optically and electrically driven nanoantennas

• Monika Fleischer,
• Dai Zhang and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1542–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.136

• large surface charge oscillations on the opposite surfaces confining the gap, and a field in the gap that is enhanced by several orders of magnitude with respect to the incident field [27]. The gap field is particularly strong when the particle plasmons are in resonance. The enhanced local field and the