Preservation of rutin nanosuspensions without the use of preservatives

• Pascal L. Stahr and
• Cornelia M. Keck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1902–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.185

• upon the production with high-pressure homogenization, which is a well-described technique to reduce the number of bacteria in liquids [26]. The growth of microorganisms during storage was temperature-dependent and was also found to be slightly influenced by the type of stabilizer, i.e., a slightly

Long-term entrapment and temperature-controlled-release of SF₆ gas in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)

• Hana Bunzen,
• Andreas Kalytta-Mewes,
• Leo van Wüllen and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1851–1859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.180

• the fact that all calculated values formally correspond to a temperature of zero Kelvin. In the future, metadynamic MD simulation studies might be performed, which should take into account both the effects of different gas loading conditions as well as temperature-dependent lattice vibrations and

Energy distribution in an ensemble of nanoparticles and its consequences

• Dieter Vollath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1452–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.143

• expression di = 1.63 × 10−9 + 6.17 × 10−10 Ti was derived from Figure 5. For the temperature dependent heat capacity, data published by Horowitz et al. [10] for bulk lead were applied. In contrast to the previous example, in this case not the probability density function (Equation 3) but its integral (the

On the relaxation time of interacting superparamagnetic nanoparticles and implications for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

• Andrei Kuncser,
• Nicusor Iacob and
• Victor E. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1280–1289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.127

• noninteracting particles, but in a such a way that the relaxation time will remain larger in the first case. On the contrary, Mørup et al. [31] have reported, starting from temperature-dependent Mössbauer spectroscopy data obtained on maghemite based ferrofluids, a decrease of the relaxation time with increasing

• assemblies of a large number of MNPs) for different volume fractions are shown in Figure 5. It is worth noting that the equality between the anisotropy energy barrier per nanoparticle obtained in the case of static and dynamic (temperature dependent) simulations is not straightforward due to the fact that in

Electroluminescence and current–voltage measurements of single-(In,Ga)N/GaN-nanowire light-emitting diodes in a nanowire ensemble

• David van Treeck,
• Johannes Ledig,
• Gregor Scholz,
• Jonas Lähnemann,
• Mattia Musolino,
• Abbes Tahraoui,
• Oliver Brandt,
• Andreas Waag,
• Henning Riechert and
• Lutz Geelhaar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1177–1187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.117

• polarization fields cause a spatial separation of electrons and holes in the QWs which in turn leads to a reduced radiative recombination rate and hence a reduced relative EQE for small injection currents. Due to the lack of temperature-dependent measurements, it was not possible to draw any hard conclusions

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• drastic change in the surface structure was attributed to a temperature-dependent catalytic effect of the tin-oxide nanoparticles on the carbon surface oxidation leading to fine etching. A significant enhancement of the activity for the V2+/3+ redox reactions was also observed at TGP-CSnPc-550Air. The

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• A, B, and C are fit parameters. An Urbach tail was used to account for absorption at lower wavelength. For the in situ temperature-dependent studies, the system was equipped with a THMS600 temperature stage (Linkam, UK), equipped with a sealing capping chamber. The temperature was varied from room

• with a copper tube (λ = 1.5418 Å). The beam was further parallelized with a layered X-ray mirror and a PIXcel3D-detector that was operated in 1D-mode. A 1/8° divergence, a 10 mm mask, and a P7.5 anti-scatter slit were used in the setup. In situ temperature-dependent XRD studies were performed with a

Enhancement in thermoelectric properties due to Ag nanoparticles incorporated in Bi₂Te₃ matrix

• Srashti Gupta,
• Dinesh Chandra Agarwal,
• Bathula Sivaiah,
• Sankarakumar Amrithpandian,
• Kandasami Asokan,
• Ajay Dhar,
• Binaya Kumar Panigrahi,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Vinay Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 634–643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.63

• for analysis of HRTEM images of samples. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM EDS) was performed using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) [MIRA\\, TESCAN]. Temperature-dependent thermoelectric measurements were carried out for all samples with size

• systematic investigation of temperature-dependent thermoelectric properties. Transmission electron microscopy revealed circular, hexagonal, tube-like structures for samples annealed at 573 K, whereas only hexagonal structures were visible for samples annealed at 773 K. The size distribution is also affected

• 773 K. Electrical conductivity (σ) of (a) Bi2Te3 with (0, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) Ag annealed at 573 K as a function of the temperature; (b) comparison of samples (0, 5, 20%) Ag annealed at 573 K with (5, 20%) Ag annealed at 773 K. Temperature dependent thermo power measurement (S) of (a) Bi2Te3 with (0

Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and sensor applications of PtSe₂ nanosheets synthesized by wet chemistry

• Mahendra S. Pawar and
• Dattatray J. Late

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 467–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.46

• method used to grow PtSe2 nanosheets followed by thermal annealing. The SEM and TEM analysis confirms the formation of PtSe2 nanosheets. Furthermore, XRD, Raman, XPS and SAED patterns were used to analyze the crystal structure and to confirm the formation of the PtSe2 phase. The temperature-dependent

• chemical method [25] at 90 °C using chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6) and Se powder as precursors followed by thermal annealing at 500 °C. Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopic characterization was carried out on the materials. Materials and Methods All the chemicals such as chloroplatinic acid, Se powder

• corresponding height profile plot for the PtSe2 nanosheet with thickness found to be ≈47 nm. Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy of few-layer PtSe2 nanosheets The temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy investigations of few-layer PtSe2 nanosheets were carried out between 100–506 K. The Raman spectra of

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• TEM results suggest that the formation of QDs from g-C3N4 is temperature dependent. To further verify this, TEM images of the samples were taken at two different heating temperatures (150 and 170 °C) within the range 130 to 190 °C. The results confirm that the limiting temperature at which the

Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO₂ nanostructures of various morphologies

• Venkataramana Bonu,
• Binaya Kumar Sahu,
• Arindam Das,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Sandip Dhara and
• Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

• behavior was also demonstrated in tapered and surface-functionalized SnO2 NWs. While the tapered waveguide can allow for easy focusing of light, the simple surface chemistry offers selective light propagation by tuning the luminescence. Defect-related PL in NWs is studied using temperature-dependent

• -functionalized NBs are also demonstrated. The emission from these NWs, upon excitation with a 325 nm laser, are shown to originate from the defect emission. Temperature-dependent PL studies were carried out to probe the nature of defects in these NWs. A possible band diagram for the SnO2 NWs is proposed

• thermoelectric cooled CCD detector in back-scattering mode was utilized to probe the spectroscopic information. Temperature-dependent PL spectra (InVia, Reinshaw) were acquired using a He–Cd laser at 325 nm (3.81 eV) as an excitation source along with the Linkam, UK adiabatic stage for temperature-dependent

Bidirectional biomimetic flow sensing with antiparallel and curved artificial hair sensors

• Claudio Abels,
• Antonio Qualtieri,
• Toni Lober,
• Alessandro Mariotti,
• Lily D. Chambers,
• Massimo De Vittorio,
• William M. Megill and
• Francesco Rizzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.4

• circuit was excited with Vexc = +3.3 V DC, while its voltage output was connected to a benchtop digital multimeter (Agilent 34405A). Influence of temperature on micro strain gauges As electrical resistivity of metals is temperature-dependent, a drift in the offset voltage may occur while the flow sensor

Time-resolved universal temperature measurements using NaYF₄:Er³⁺,Yb³⁺ upconverting nanoparticles in an electrospray jet

• Kristina Shrestha,
• Arwa A. Alaulamie,
• Ali Rafiei Miandashti and
• Hugh H. Richardson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2916–2924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.270

• understand temperature-dependent reactions such as protein unfolding inside microjet/microdroplets and microfluidic systems. Keywords: electrospray; microjet; nanothermometry; temperature measurement; time-resolved measurement; upconverting nanoparticles; Introduction There is need and interest to non

• depending upon the wavelength of the interrogating light. We have shown that the photoluminescence of erbium ions embedded in a wide-band-gap matrix is temperature-dependent [12] and have used the emission to determine the local temperature of optically excited gold nanostructures at an interface. The

• temperature is determined by measuring the ratio of two green photoluminescence bands where the relative intensities are temperature-dependent and related by a Boltzmann factor. We used this thermal sensor to probe the thermal properties at a solid–water interface and found that a nanoscale object optically

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• binding of the dye in micelles of macrocycle 3. As shown above, micelles of 3 exhibit temperature-dependent behaviour in the presence of salts, in particular, in 0.9% NaCl solution. So, the change of fluorescence response of the substrate while changing the temperature of 3 + Dox micellar solutions in 0.9

• probe). A temperature-dependent release of substrates from 3 + Dox micelles at physiological temperature is demonstrated in 0.9% NaCl solution. Experimental Materials Calixresorcinarene 1 was synthesized according to a previously reported procedure [36]. mPEG-550 was purchased from Aldrich, pyrene

• ] software packages. DLS, SLS, and zeta-potential measurements were carried out by employing a Zetasizer nano ZS with Dispersion Technology Software 5.00. The measurements were carried out at 25 °C in polystyrene cells, for temperature-dependent DLS measurements (25–65 °C) and SLS measurement, a glass

Electromigrated electrical optical antennas for transducing electrons and photons at the nanoscale

• Arindam Dasgupta,
• Mickaël Buret,
• Nicolas Cazier,
• Marie-Maxime Mennemanteuil,
• Reinaldo Chacon,
• Kamal Hammani,
• Jean-Claude Weeber,
• Juan Arocas,
• Laurent Markey,
• Gérard Colas des Francs,
• Alexander Uskov,
• Igor Smetanin and
• Alexandre Bouhelier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1964–1976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.187

• fairly constant because Joule dissipation is not yet affecting the temperature-dependent resistivity of gold. On increasing Vdc, the temperature of the constriction grows and the conductance starts to fluctuate. The general trend is that G(t) decreases when stepping up Vdc. We also consistently observe a

• is illustrated at t = 200 s in Figure 2a. The applied bias is constant, but G(t) decays towards a stable value. This is understood from the temperature-dependent resistivity of the material: For a given Vdc the current flowing in the constriction dissipates heat and affects in return the temperature

• -dependent resistivity [35]. These conductance fluctuations are typically observed for Vdc ≤ 1.7 V and corresponds to the end of the first phase of voltage increments. When applying higher voltages, G(t) generally drops with a rate rapidly increasing with time. The process is entering a second phase. This

Induced smectic phase in binary mixtures of twist-bend nematogens

• Anamarija Knežević,
• Irena Dokli,
• Marin Sapunar,
• Suzana Šegota,
• Ute Baumeister and
• Andreja Lesac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1297–1307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.122

• in controlling the self-organizing processes. Keywords: binary mixture; liquid crystals; smectic phase induction; temperature-dependent FTIR; twist-bend nematogen; Introduction Nowadays liquid crystal (LC) substances possess a wide range of uses. However, it is rather rare that a single organic

• technique for determining changes in chemical interactions and molecular geometry in LC phases [37][38][39][40], we investigated the 73 mol % BB mixture using temperature-dependent FTIR measurements. IR spectra were recorded using a KBr pastille method. Since in a binary mixture the cyano group of CBI may

• Information File 1) and temperature-dependent spectra of pure BB (Figure S5, Supporting Information File 1). The absence of new absorption bands in the wide spectral range in the mixture, compared to the spectra of the pure compounds, implicates that CT attraction or even dipole-induced dipole interaction is

Formation and development of nanometer-sized cybotactic clusters in bent-core nematic liquid crystalline compounds

• Yuri P. Panarin,
• Sithara P. Sreenilayam,
• Jagdish K. Vij,
• Anne Lehmann and
• Carsten Tschierske

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1288–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.121

• other two peaks are strongly temperature dependent and consequently assigned to the relaxation processes associated with the sample in the cell. The existence of two dielectric relaxation modes in the bent-core nematic phase was previously observed in [54][55]. The higher frequency is assigned to the

• fits to the Arrhenius equation, f(T) = f0 exp(−EA / kBT), where EA is the activation energy. Temperature dependent cluster size (i.e., an average number of molecules involved in a cluster) (open red triangles), ratio of the dielectric strength, Δε1/Δε2 (open blue cirecles), the volume fraction of

Formation mechanisms of boron oxide films fabricated by large-area electron beam-induced deposition of trimethyl borate

• Aiden A. Martin and
• Philip J. Depond

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1282–1287, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.120

• , MTI Corporation) under electron beam conditions identical to the temperature-dependent irradiations with a processing time of 30 min. Results and Discussion The volumetric deposition rate of the entire deposit and the height of the deposit at the center of electron beam as functions of the substrate

• processing chamber or precursor material, which increasingly contribute to the EBID process when TMB undergoes rapid thermally stimulated desorption from the surface at higher temperature. The compound stoichiometry across the deposition profile was found to be temperature-dependent. The profile at 26 °C

• surface [14][31]. Consideration of the electron flux-dependent stoichiometry of the deposits must be taken into account to confirm the temperature-dependent mechanism [32]. The electron flux in the regions where diffusion of precursor is the dominant replenishment mechanism at 195 and 271 °C is

P3HT:PCBM blend films phase diagram on the base of variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry

• Barbara Hajduk,
• Henryk Bednarski,
• Bożena Jarząbek,
• Henryk Janeczek and
• Paweł Nitschke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1108–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.102

• optical model parametrizes the spectral dependence of the refractive index n and the extinction coefficient k on the wavelength λ by the following relations: where the temperature-dependent parameters ni and ki, with i = 0, 1 and 2, are the model (fitting) parameters and the coefficients C0 and C1 are the

• numerical constants. It follows from the relations presented above, that at sufficiently long wavelengths both n and k become only temperature-dependent. Additionally, by taking into account the results presented in Figure 2, we can safely assume that k0(T) = 0 for λ > 750 nm. In Figure 3, thicknesses d as

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• heating stage. A Perkin Elmer DSC8000 calorimeter was used for calorimetric measurements. The temperature calibration procedure was done based on the onset of the melting point of water and indium. The sample was hermetically sealed in an aluminum pan of 30 μL. The temperature-dependent Fourier transform

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

Temperature-tunable lasing from dye-doped chiral microdroplets encapsulated in a thin polymeric film

• Gia Petriashvili,
• Mauro Daniel Luigi Bruno,
• Maria Penelope De Santo and
• Riccardo Barberi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 379–383, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.37

• film. Here, we report on the possibility to tune the laser emission as a function of temperature. Using a chiral dopant with temperature dependent solubility, the emitted laser wavelength can be tuned in a range of 40 nm by a temperature variation of 18 °C. The proposed device can have applications in

• systems [6][7][8]. Further, since the PBG spectral position can be shifted, also the laser emission wavelength can be tuned by using external factors as the temperature variations. CLCs are often mixtures of nematic liquid crystal and chiral dopant. A chiral dopant with temperature dependent solubility

• that the laser emission tuning can be obtained preparing the CLC mixture by using a chiral dopant with temperature-dependent solubility. For both emulsion and thin film form, the laser emission wavelength can be tuned. In particular, laser emission from the thin film is tuned over a range of about 40

Design of polar self-assembling lactic acid derivatives possessing submicrometre helical pitch

• Alexej Bubnov,
• Cyril Vacek,
• Michał Czerwiński,
• Terezia Vojtylová,
• Wiktor Piecek and
• Věra Hamplová

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 333–341, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.33

• attached to longer alkyl chains [20][37]. The electro-optic parameters of the studied compounds are temperature dependent, namely, the spontaneous polarisation and tilt angle, which are extremely important for practical applications [5][44]. However, these parameters can be stabilised by formulation of the

PTFE-based microreactor system for the continuous synthesis of full-visible-spectrum emitting cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals

• Chengxi Zhang,
• Weiling Luan,
• Yuhang Yin and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2521–2529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.252

• . The red shift shown in Figure 5 suggests that the band gap of the prepared QDs is temperature dependent, which is similar to the behavior of IV, III–V, and II–VI semiconductors. According to the Varshni empirical relationship, Egap(T) = Egap(0) − αT2/(β + T) [38], (Egap(0) is the band gap at 0 K, α is

Alternating current magnetic susceptibility of a ferronematic

• Natália Tomašovičová,
• Jozef Kováč,
• Veronika Gdovinová,
• Nándor Éber,
• Tibor Tóth-Katona,
• Jan Jadżyn and
• Peter Kopčanský

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2515–2520, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.251

• higher concentration there is an enhanced tendency for the formation of such aggregates. (iv.) The value of the ac susceptibility in Figure 4 is temperature-dependent, while no such dependence was found for the lower concentration of = 10−4 (see Figures 3–5 of [27]). The fact the χ′ is independent of