Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• methylene blue (MB) as the target pollutant, because MB is a typical organic dye with well-known toxicity and a threat to water environments [19]. The structural characterization and recyclability of the nanocomposite are also investigated. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports about the

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

• Marvin Siebels,
• Lukas Mai,
• Laura Schmolke,
• Kai Schütte,
• Juri Barthel,
• Junpei Yue,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Bernd M. Smarsly,
• Anjana Devi,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

• and low toxicity [41]. Results and Discussion Decomposition of RE(amd)3 and Eu(dpm)3 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed decomposition of the rare-earth metal(III) tris(N,N′-diisopropyl-2-methylamidinate) (RE(amd)3; RE = Pr(III), Gd(III), Er(III) and tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato

A visible-light-controlled platform for prolonged drug release based on Ag-doped TiO₂ nanotubes with a hydrophobic layer

• Caihong Liang,
• Jiang Wen and
• Xiaoming Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1793–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.170

• distribution and systemic toxicity towards non-target tissues [5]. As a result, in order to improve their drug-release ability for prolonged or controlled drug delivery, numerous methods including chemical and structural modification have been applied to modify the surface of TNTs [6][7][8][9]. By altering the

• process to produce the periodically shaped TNTs. The structural modification extended the effectiveness of the drugs for a longer period of time and avoided the burst release phenomena known to occur in the initial stage. Nevertheless, many of the side effects, such as systemic toxicity, still need to be

Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants

• Reika Makita,
• Tsukasa Akasaka,
• Seiichi Tamagawa,
• Yasuhiro Yoshida,
• Saori Miyata,
• Hirofumi Miyaji and
• Tsutomu Sugaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1735–1754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.165

• of biological tissues and for the reinforcement of scaffolds. Genipin has low toxicity, being about 10,000 times less cytotoxic than other crosslinking agents, such as glutaraldehyde [47]. Crosslinking with genipin has been shown to result in an improvement in tensile strength, elastic modulus, and

• 500 nm height. Discussion Preparation of gelatin patterns In this study, we created gelatin surfaces with micro- to nanoscaled patterns using a mold and crosslinking with genipin, a low toxicity natural product. Gelatin or collagen patterning with genipin has been referred to in previously studies

• low toxicity, and biodegradable. Stability of the different gelatin patterns in cell culture medium A major finding from this study is that the stability of the different gelatin patterns in cell culture medium can be controlled by the degree of genipin crosslinking. In this preliminary study, our

Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• materials. The method is based on the self-assembly of resorcinarenes, macrocyclic compounds obtained by the condensation of resorcinol with aldehydes [32]. Resorcinarenes offer the advantages of low toxicity and simple synthesis with the use of available reagents. One of their important features is the

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• urbanization, which in turn act to increase the level of environmental pollution [1][2][3]. Heavy metals contribute to a significant extent towards environmental pollution because of their toxicity, bio-accumulation and non-biodegradable nature. They also release large quantities of hazardous waste during

Colorimetric detection of Cu²⁺ based on the formation of peptide–copper complexes on silver nanoparticle surfaces

• Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake,
• Surendra Krishna Shinde,
• Rijuta Ganesh Saratale,
• Avinash Ashok Kadam,
• Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale,
• Asad Syed,
• Fuad Ameen and
• Dae-Young Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1414–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.134

• Organization. Keywords: absorbance; dispersion; drinking water; rapid detection; UV spectroscopy; Introduction Among heavy metals, copper is particularly interesting because it acts both as a micronutrient essential to life, but also as an environmental contaminant, due to its toxicity to most organisms when

Atomic-level characterization and cilostazol affinity of poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles conjugated with differentially charged hydrophilic molecules

• María Francisca Matus,
• Martín Ludueña,
• Cristian Vilos,
• Iván Palomo and
• Marcelo M. Mariscal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1328–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.126

• hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity ratio, the size and surface chemistry are crucial factors in NP–cell interactions. Several studies on metallic NPs, carbon nanotubes, and dendrimers have shown that toxicity of different NPs is determined by a combination of these factors [25][26][27][28][29]. In this respect

• factor related to toxicity in nanosystems [25][26][27][42]. DSPE–PEG structures were built in three-dimensional coordinates. As the starting point, the DSPE–PEG chains were arranged around the PLA core (10 PLA chains) using PACKMOL [43][44], as follows. The PLA core was fixed with its center of mass at

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• industrial applications, issues relating to toxicity are inevitable. The aim of this review is to compare synthetic (engineered) and naturally occurring nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructured materials (NSMs) to identify their nanoscale properties and to define the specific knowledge gaps related to the risk

• . These are called as nanobacteria and are highly useful in the biosynthesis of low toxicity NPs [137]. Pseudomonas stutzeri A259 is the first bacteria to be used to produce Ag NPs [138]. Later, many metal NPs, such as gold [139][140], alloy NPs [141][142], nonmagnetic oxide NPs [143][144][145][146][147

• useful in a nanomedicine application as they were found to reduce potential cellular toxicity [152]. However, the major drawbacks of these NPs are that they require more time for synthesis, are difficult to filter, and produce a low yield of NPs, as compared to chemical synthesis [153]. Novel nano

Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiO_x and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

• Vladimir N. Popok,
• Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
• Peter Fojan,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Jan Hanuš and
• Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

• ) interaction with bacterial surfaces, which can lead to blocking of membrane transport channels and disturbing of electrochemical gradients [4]. Ag NPs are the most popular and most extensively studied pure metal NPs. However, Cu NPs are found to demonstrate higher toxicity for certain types of bacteria [1

• antibacterial effect. Furthermore, Cu NPs under ambient conditions can easily lead to the formation of CuO, which also displays a direct toxicity for microorganisms [18]. They already disturb microorganisms when being in contact with the bacterial surface by reacting with proteins forming pores in the membrane

• and perturbing the membrane potential leading to cell death. Furthermore, ions can be transported through the membrane into the cell and by replacing the original ions disturb proteins in the cytosol. Taken all these processes into consideration, metallic NPs with direct toxicity are expected to act

Perfusion double-channel micropipette probes for oxygen flux mapping with single-cell resolution

• Yang Gao,
• Bin Li,
• Riju Singhal,
• Adam Fontecchio,
• Ben Pelleg,
• Zulfiya Orynbayeva,
• Yury Gogotsi and
• Gary Friedman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 850–860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.79

• toxicity of exogenous fluorescent agents [7]. An alternative approach is to map concentration gradients using scanning probes that may employ some means of sensing such as electrochemical or optical [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. These types of probes can attain subcellular scale resolution when their tip

Graphene composites with dental and biomedical applicability

• Sharali Malik,
• Felicite M. Ruddock,
• Adam H. Dowling,
• Kevin Byrne,
• Wolfgang Schmitt,
• Ivan Khalakhan,
• Yoshihiro Nemoto,
• Hongxuan Guo,
• Lok Kumar Shrestha,
• Katsuhiko Ariga and
• Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 801–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.73

• and thought to be non-cytotoxic [9][10][11][12][13], but as toxicity depends on many factors such as size, shape, concentration and dose further studies with regard to specific applications are needed. Therefore, the aim of these experiments was to assess the use of graphene with a glass-ionomer (GI

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• the most widely exploited by taking advantage of their long-term stability and environmental non-toxicity, in addition to providing a low-cost alternative to the n-type semiconductor photocatalysts [14][15][16]. However, further application of these metal oxides is usually significantly limited by the

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• dioxide, due to its suitable band position, non-toxicity, low cost, and simple synthesis, is an appropriate material for modification of various metals. Its chemical stability and biocompatibility plays an important role in various applications such as gas sensors, photocatalytic hydrogen generation

Optimisation of purification techniques for the preparation of large-volume aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics

• Furqan Almyahi,
• Thomas R. Andersen,
• Nathan A. Cooling,
• Natalie P. Holmes,
• Matthew J. Griffith,
• Krishna Feron,
• Xiaojing Zhou,
• Warwick J. Belcher and
• Paul C. Dastoor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 649–659, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.60

• toxicity as they are harmful towards both environmental and human health. In reality, water is the eco-friendly solvent and is therefore a more sustainable solvent for upscaling of OPVs [6]. Some low molecular weight alcohols are also frequently used as green solvents in the printing industry, whereas they

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo Julian Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain 10.3762/bjnano.9.51 Abstract Carbon dots have demonstrated great potential as luminescent nanoparticles in bioapplications. Although such nanoparticles appear to exhibit low toxicity compared to other metal luminescent

• nanomaterials, today we know that the toxicity of carbon dots (C-dots) strongly depends on the protocol of fabrication. In this work, aqueous fluorescent C-dots have been synthesized from cinnamon, red chilli, turmeric and black pepper, by a one-pot green hydrothermal method. The synthesized C-dots were firstly

• -dots in the cancer cultures compared to the non-cancerous cells. Results showed that the spice-derived C-dots inhibited cell viability dose-dependently after a 24 h incubation period, displaying a higher toxicity in LN-229, than in HK-2 cells. As a control, C-dots synthesized from citric acid did not

Electron interaction with copper(II) carboxylate compounds

• Michal Lacko,
• Peter Papp,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Edward Szłyk and
• Štefan Matejčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 384–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.38

• there is still demand for new precursors with other satisfactory parameters like vapor pressure, toxicity, thermal stability, and stability over time. Electrons present on the surface are combination of high energy electrons from the primary electron beam and secondary electrons emitted from the surface

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

• Liga Saulite,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

• observe any cytotoxic effect on MSC viability when the QDs were applied in complete medium (Figure 1C). On the contrary, due to the 100-fold increase in the QD accumulation ratio under serum-free conditions, the QD toxicity was observed after 24 h of incubation with 32 nM and 64 nM QD by 30% and 50

Review on optofluidic microreactors for artificial photosynthesis

• Xiaowen Huang,
• Jianchun Wang,
• Tenghao Li,
• Jianmei Wang,
• Min Xu,
• Weixing Yu,
• Abdel El Abed and
• Xuming Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 30–41, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.5

• for sustainable NADH regeneration [83]. However, the toxicity and photoinduced instability of CdS limited the application of this material. Liu et al. used carbon nitride (C3N4), a stable and environmental friendly material [84], for NADH regeneration [85][86][87]. For example, one bioinspired method

Hyperthermic intracavitary nanoaerosol therapy (HINAT) as an improved approach for pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC): Technical description, experimental validation and first proof of concept

• Daniel Göhler,
• Stephan Große,
• Alexander Bellendorf,
• Thomas Albert Falkenstein,
• Mehdi Ouaissi,
• Jürgen Zieren,
• Michael Stintz and
• Urs Giger-Pabst

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2729–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.272

• substances at minimal systemic toxicity, first approaches for locoregional/intracavitary chemotherapy (ICC) based on liquid drug instillation (LICC) were already developed about forty years ago [2][3][4]. Unfortunately, the effectivity of LICC is limited by low in-tissue penetration and the difficulties to

Strategy to discover full-length amyloid-beta peptide ligands using high-efficiency microarray technology

• Clelia Galati,
• Natalia Spinella,
• Lucio Renna,
• Danilo Milardi,
• Francesco Attanasio,
• Michele Francesco Maria Sciacca and
• Corrado Bongiorno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2446–2453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.243

• high efficacy in the treatment of cognitive/memory disorder [32]: nootropic, neurotrophic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, a high affinity for copper(II) ions, and a protective ability against metal-induced cell toxicity have been observed [33][34][35][36]. Hence, the role of Semax in

Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages

• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,
• Sandor Balog,
• Ana Milosevic,
• Dominic Urban,
• Diana Peckys,
• Niels de Jonge,
• Wolfgang J. Parak,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239

• comparison with FeOxNPs. However, it should be noted that the presence of an intracellular transport system for the AuNPs cannot be ruled out completely. Conclusion Most studies on NPs focus on exposure to a single analyte. The existing literature on joint toxicity of NPs and co-existing contaminants is

Evaluating the toxicity of TiO₂-based nanoparticles to Chinese hamster ovary cells and Escherichia coli: a complementary experimental and computational approach

• Alicja Mikolajczyk,
• Natalia Sizochenko,
• Ewa Mulkiewicz,
• Anna Malankowska,
• Michal Nischk,
• Przemyslaw Jurczak,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Grzegorz Nowaczyk,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska,
• Jerzy Leszczynski,
• Agnieszka Gajewicz and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.216

• hazardous for living organisms. Considering the ever-growing number of new types of nanoparticles that can potentially contaminate the environment, a determination of their toxicity is extremely important. The main aim of presented study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of surface modified TiO2-based

• nanoparticles, to model their quantitative nanostructure–toxicity relationships and to reveal the toxicity mechanism. In this context, toxicity tests for surface-modified TiO2-based nanoparticles were performed in vitro, using Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. The

• ions. For instance, TiO2 NPs doped with either copper (Cu) or silver (Ag), exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas their toxicity towards mouse cells from L929 cell line remained low [19]. Ag-TiO2 NPs, which were activated by UV–vis light, exhibited stronger

Substrate and Mg doping effects in GaAs nanowires

• Perumal Kannappan,
• Nabiha Ben Sedrine,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Maria R. Soares,
• Bruno P. Falcão,
• Maria R. Correia,
• Nestor Cifuentes,
• Emilson R. Viana,
• Marcus V. B. Moreira,
• Geraldo M. Ribeiro,
• Alfredo G. de Oliveira,
• Juan C. González and
• Joaquim P. Leitão

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2126–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.212

• [23][24]. Be has been the main choice to produce p-type GaAs layers and nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) [25][26][27][28]. However, severe drawbacks like segregation at high concentration, a large diffusion coefficient prohibiting abrupt doping profiles and high toxicity have motivated

Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• . Among them, α-Fe2O3 (hematite) has attracted more and more attention due to its non-toxicity, high corrosion resistance, low processing costs, and especially, for its high theoretical gravimetric lithium-ion storage capacity of 1007 mAh g−1. However, α-Fe2O3 interacts with lithium ions via a conversion