A versatile strategy towards non-covalent functionalization of graphene by surface-confined supramolecular self-assembly of Janus tectons

• Ping Du,
• David Bléger,
• Fabrice Charra,
• Vincent Bouchiat,
• David Kreher,
• Fabrice Mathevet and
• André-Jean Attias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 632–639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.64

• other weak interactions on graphene [20], where most of these works were performed by evaporating small molecules onto graphene under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. In this context, we recently developed a successful new strategy taking place at the liquid–solid interface at room temperature (RT

Kelvin probe force microscopy in liquid using electrochemical force microscopy

• Liam Collins,
• Stephen Jesse,
• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Alexander Tselev,
• M. Baris Okatan,
• Sergei V. Kalinin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 201–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.19

• ionic materials [14][28][29]. When operated in ultra-high vacuum, KPFM has been demonstrated to provide absolute surface potential measurements, with molecular and atomic scale resolution previously reported [30][31][32]. Interpretation of surface potential values from this technique can, however

UHV deposition and characterization of a mononuclear iron(III) β-diketonate complex on Au(111)

• Irene Cimatti,
• Silviya Ninova,
• Valeria Lanzilotto,
• Luigi Malavolti,
• Luca Rigamonti,
• Brunetto Cortigiani,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Elena Magnano,
• Federica Bondino,
• Federico Totti,
• Andrea Cornia and
• Roberta Sessoli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2139–2148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.223

• ultra-high vacuum (UHV) characterization. In Fe(dpm)3 the three dipivaloylmethanide ligands chelate a high-spin (HS) Fe3+ ion, producing a distorted octahedral coordination environment. Fe(dpm)3 is of specific importance because in a previous study it was suggested as a possible contaminant in thin

Towards bottom-up nanopatterning of Prussian blue analogues

• Virgile Trannoy,
• Marco Faustini,
• David Grosso,
• Sandra Mazerat,
• François Brisset,
• Alexandre Dazzi and
• Anne Bleuzen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1933–1943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.204

• photoelectron spectrometer, by using Mg Kα (hν = 1253.6 eV) X-ray source having a 150 W (12 mA, 12.5 kV) electron beam power and a 7 × 20 mm spot size. The emissions of photoelectrons from the sample were analyzed at a takeoff angle of 90° under ultra-high vacuum conditions (1·10−8 Pa). High resolution spectra

Patterning a hydrogen-bonded molecular monolayer with a hand-controlled scanning probe microscope

• Matthew F. B. Green,
• Taner Esat,
• Christian Wagner,
• Philipp Leinen,
• Alexander Grötsch,
• F. Stefan Tautz and
• Ruslan Temirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1926–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.203

• the Ag(111) surface state. All PTCDA images shown were made with STM at I = 0.1 nA and with an applied bias voltage of V = −0.34 V that facilitates the intramolecular resolution corresponding to the LUMO. All of the reported experiments were performed in situ under ultra high vacuum conditions. The

Towards precise defect control in layered oxide structures by using oxide molecular beam epitaxy

• Federico Baiutti,
• Georg Christiani and
• Gennady Logvenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 596–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.70

• prototype ALL-oxide MBE systems at Oxxel GmbH (Bremen, Germany) and later in the Brookhaven National Laboratory (USA) [21]. The system has a cluster tool configuration. It is equipped with one ultra-high vacuum central distribution chamber (CDC) for the transfer of the samples. The CDC has eight connection

CoPc and CoPcF₁₆ on gold: Site-specific charge-transfer processes

• Fotini Petraki,
• Heiko Peisert,
• Johannes Uihlein,
• Umut Aygül and
• Thomas Chassé

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 524–531, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.61

• reproduce the EB of Au 4f7/2 (84.0 eV), Ag 3d5/2 (368.3 eV) and Cu 2p3/2 (932.5 eV). The cleanliness of the Au substrate was checked by XPS. Thin films of CoPcF16 (purchased from Aldrich) were thermally evaporated on the substrate in an ultra-high vacuum (base pressure <1 × 10−8 mbar) from a temperature

Fullerenes as adhesive layers for mechanical peeling of metallic, molecular and polymer thin films

• Maria B. Wieland,
• Anna G. Slater,
• Barry Mangham,
• Neil R. Champness and
• Peter H. Beton

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 394–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.46

• conventional adhesives and, in addition, have unknown solubilities in solvents which might be used to remove the adhesive layers in subsequent process steps. Furthermore, the application of adhesive layers is not easily compatible with the controlled environments, such as ultra-high vacuum, under which many on

• adhesive properties of the fullerene C60, and show that films with a thickness greater than 10 nm can be used for this application. The use of a sublimed C60 adhesion layer also ensures high chemical purity, is compatible with formation under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions and is known, even for

• process is effective for films with thickness as small as a monolayer and has been demonstrated as route to isolate two dimensional polymers formed by on-surface synthesis, allowing an investigation of their functional properties. Experimental The ultra-high vacuum system in which we perform the

Thermal stability and reduction of iron oxide nanowires at moderate temperatures

• Annalisa Paolone,
• Marco Angelucci,
• Stefania Panero,
• Maria Grazia Betti and
• Carlo Mariani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 323–328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.36

• maximum magnification, beam energy of 10 keV). The X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) measurements have been carried out at the Lotus laboratory at the “Università di Roma La Sapienza”, in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) system with a base pressure of 1 × 10−10 mbar, un-monochromatized Al Kα photon source

Interaction of iron phthalocyanine with the graphene/Ni(111) system

• Lorenzo Massimi,
• Simone Lisi,
• Daniela Pacilè,
• Carlo Mariani and
• Maria Grazia Betti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 308–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.34

• observed for CoPc on Gr/Ni(111) [17]. We present a valence band UV photoemission study of the FePc adsorption on Gr/Ni, which brings to light a direct evidence of an interaction between the FePc molecule and the Ni substrate. Experimental Experiments were performed in situ in ultra-high-vacuum (UHV

Effect of contaminations and surface preparation on the work function of single layer MoS₂

• Oliver Ochedowski,
• Kolyo Marinov,
• Nils Scheuschner,
• Artur Poloczek,
• Benedict Kleine Bussmann,
• Janina Maultzsch and
• Marika Schleberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 291–297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.32

• potential, on the other hand, the gold surface was used for calibrating the work function of the AFM tip during KPFM measurements. The contacted SLM sample is introduced into an ultra high vacuum system with a base pressure of about 2·10−10 mbar. Non-contact AFM measurements were performed using a RHK UHV

The role of surface corrugation and tip oscillation in single-molecule manipulation with a non-contact atomic force microscope

• Christian Wagner,
• Norman Fournier,
• F. Stefan Tautz and
• Ruslan Temirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 202–209, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.22

• ][6][11][24] at T = 5 K in ultra-high vacuum. When preparing the manipulation we detach one PTCDA molecule from the edge of a molecular island with the tip and move it to a clean spot on the bare metal surface. For establishing the contact to the molecule, the tip is placed over one of its carboxylic

Fabrication of carbon nanomembranes by helium ion beam lithography

• Xianghui Zhang,
• Henning Vieker,
• André Beyer and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 188–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.20

• some features (especially the small nuclei) might be due to contaminations from the transfer process, the sample (irradiated SAM on SiO2) was annealed up to 300 °C in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). The subsequent imaging with HIM confirms that no change of the structures occurs. It is also worth mentioning

Quantum size effects in TiO₂ thin films grown by atomic layer deposition

• Massimo Tallarida,
• Chittaranjan Das and
• Dieter Schmeisser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 77–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.7

• (ALD) of TiO2 was performed in an ultra-high-vacuum (UHV)-compatible reactor attached to the measurement chamber through a plate valve [12]. The Ti precursor (TTIP) pulse was 4 s, followed by two N2 purging pulses, each of 0.5 s, performed just after the Ti precursor and after 5 s. The H2O pulse was

STM tip-assisted engineering of molecular nanostructures: PTCDA islands on Ge(001):H surfaces

• Amir A. Ahmad Zebari,
• Marek Kolmer and
• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 927–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.104

• methods to fine-tune the final form of the molecular nanostructures of interest. Experimental The experiments were carried out in a multi-chamber ultra-high vacuum system equipped with variable temperature STM (Omicron GmbH). The base pressure in the system was in the low 10−10 mbar range, with the

Adsorption of the ionic liquid [BMP][TFSA] on Au(111) and Ag(111): substrate effects on the structure formation investigated by STM

• Benedikt Uhl,
• Florian Buchner,
• Dorothea Alwast,
• Nadja Wagner and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 903–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.102

• (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [BMP][TFSA] on the close-packed Ag(111) and Au(111) surfaces by scanning tunneling microscopy, under ultra high vacuum (UHV) conditions in the temperature range between about 100 K and 293 K. At room temperature, highly mobile 2D liquid adsorbate phases were observed on both surfaces. At low

Simulation of electron transport during electron-beam-induced deposition of nanostructures

• Francesc Salvat-Pujol,
• Harald O. Jeschke and
• Roser Valentí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.89

• precursor gas are injected into a high- or ultra-high-vacuum chamber and are dissociated by a focussed electron beam of 1–50 keV into a volatile fragment, which is evacuated by the vacuum system, and a non-volatile fragment, which is progressively adsorbed on a substrate. The latter leads to the growth of a

Routes to rupture and folding of graphene on rough 6H-SiC(0001) and their identification

• M. Temmen,
• O. Ochedowski,
• B. Kleine Bussmann,
• M. Schleberger,
• M. Reichling and
• T. R. J. Bollmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 625–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.69

• , CA, USA) and NCHR cantilevers (Nanosensors, Neuchatel, Switzerland). NC-AFM images are obtained using a well characterized [20][21][22] UHV 750 NC-AFM system (RHK Technology, Troy, MI, USA) in an ultra-high vacuum chamber with a base pressure well below 5 × 10−11 mbar. Force sensors used are NCH Si

Thermal noise limit for ultra-high vacuum noncontact atomic force microscopy

• Jannis Lübbe,
• Matthias Temmen,
• Sebastian Rode,
• Philipp Rahe,
• Angelika Kühnle and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 32–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.4

Direct-write polymer nanolithography in ultra-high vacuum

• Woo-Kyung Lee,
• Minchul Yang,
• Arnaldo R. Laracuente,
• William P. King,
• Lloyd J. Whitman and
• Paul E. Sheehan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 52–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.6

• Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute for Science and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA 10.3762/bjnano.3.6 Abstract Polymer nanostructures were directly written onto substrates in ultra-high vacuum. The polymer ink was coated

• onto atomic force microscope (AFM) probes that could be heated to control the ink viscosity. Then, the ink-coated probes were placed into an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) AFM and used to write polymer nanostructures on surfaces, including surfaces cleaned in UHV. Controlling the writing speed of the tip

• , whereas deposition onto vacuum reconstructed silicon yielded polymer chains aligned along the surface. Keywords: additive lithography; polymer; scanning probe lithography; ultra high vacuum; Introduction The deposition of materials in vacuum is the foundational technology for creating modern electronic

Effect of the tip state during qPlus noncontact atomic force microscopy of Si(100) at 5 K: Probing the probe

• Adam Sweetman,
• Sam Jarvis,
• Rosanna Danza and
• Philip Moriarty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 25–32, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.3

• functionalised tips has provided additional impetus to elucidating the role of the tip apex in the observed contrast. Results: We present an analysis of the influence of the tip apex during imaging of the Si(100) substrate in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) at 5 K using a qPlus sensor for noncontact atomic force

Terthiophene on Au(111): A scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy study

• Berndt Koslowski,
• Anna Tschetschetkin,
• Norbert Maurer,
• Elena Mena-Osteritz,
• Peter Bäuerle and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 561–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.60

• Abstract Terthiophene (3T) molecules adsorbed on herringbone (HB) reconstructed Au(111) surfaces in the low coverage regime were investigated by means of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The 3T molecules adsorb preferentially in

• 250 nm, Arrandee, Germany) on glass were flame annealed in a butane flame to develop extended (111) facets. After introduction into ultra-high vacuum (UHV), these films were further annealed at temperatures up to 700 °C to remove contaminants from the surface. After a routine check of the gold surface

• be principal limits to the WKB approximation. Conclusion Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopies (STM, STS) under ultra-high vacuum conditions were applied to investigate the structural and electronic properties of terthiophene molecules (3T) adsorbed on Au(111) in the

The role of the cantilever in Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements

• George Elias,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Alex Schwarzman,
• Amir Boag and
• Yossi Rosenwaks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 252–260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.29

• measured contact potential difference even under ultra-high vacuum conditions, and we demonstrate a good agreement between our model and KPFM measurements in ultra-high vacuum of NaCl monolayers grown on Cu(111). The effect of the oscillating cantilever shape on the KPFM resolution and sensitivity has been

• cantilever in general, and in high resolution ultra-high vacuum (UHV) KPFM measurements in particular, has not been reported. In this work we use the boundary element method (BEM) [7] to calculate the point spread function (PSF) of the measuring probe: Tip and cantilever. The probe PSF analysis shows that

• showed that at smaller probe sample distances the homogenous force contribution of the tip apex is higher. At a probe–sample distance of 1.2 nm (a typical distance in ultra-high vacuum measurements) the tip apex contributes 83% to the homogenous force, the cone lower segment contributes 7.3%, and the

Manipulation of gold colloidal nanoparticles with atomic force microscopy in dynamic mode: influence of particle–substrate chemistry and morphology, and of operating conditions

• Samer Darwich,
• Karine Mougin,
• Akshata Rao,
• Enrico Gnecco,
• Shrisudersan Jayaraman and
• Hamidou Haidara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 85–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.10

• humidity), we have investigated how the nanomanipulation process is affected in ultra high vacuum (UHV) environment. The topography image in Figure 7 shows the gold particles on a silicon substrate after the sample was transferred into UHV without any further treatment, which could have changed the

• deposited onto a silicon wafer. (a) Ordered organization as described in the Experimental section, (b) random distribution. Frame sizes: 3 µm and 1 µm, respectively. As-synthesized Au particles on silicon in ultra-high vacuum. Frame size: 3 µm. AFM image of nanopatterned surface exhibiting Si pits: Frame