Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• Ag L−1). The behavior of GSH AuNPs deviates considerably from the others and did not show any significant change in the side scattered light (SSC) ratio even at the highest dose applied, indicating no cell accumulation. The flow cytometry results on NP uptake were confirmed by visualization performed

• . The obtained NPs were carefully characterized by means of size distribution and surface charge employing dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) methods. The visualization of the NPs was performed using TEM. The most stable AuNPs and AgNPs with similar physico

• spectrometer (ICPMS) (Agilent, Waldbronn, Germany). Visualization was performed using a TEM 902A instrument (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany). The microscope was operated in the bright-field mode and at an acceleration voltage of 80 kV. The TEM samples were prepared on a Formvar®-coated copper grid (SPI

Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1745–1753, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.170

• microscopy (ADRDM) The optical anisotropy of 1T’-WTe2 was characterized by ADRDM. The ADRDM measurements were conducted by measuring the normalized reflectance difference of two arbitrary orthogonal directions at normal incidence, which can provide a direct, accurate visualization of the anisotropy of low

• selected areas of the 1T’-WTe2 sample, indicating a highly different reflectance with the incident angle variation. Meanwhile, Figure 2c shows the ADRDM images, which were taken at different angles with N(θ) changes plotted in color scale. Both the quantitative and the visualization results demonstrate

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• visualization of hexagonal arrangements. This finding was strongly supported by the FFT results which showed intense electron diffraction (top inset figure) and clearly displayed auto-correlation images (bottom inset figure) for the hexagonal honeycomb structure [39]. The high quality of hexagonal arrangement

• -Tech Instruments, Sdn. Bhd., and especially Mr. Tok Hong Yuan for the visualization of our nanocomposites using 3D tomography with the Hitachi HT7700 TEM.

CuInSe₂ quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on amorphous SiO₂ surfaces

• Henrique Limborço,
• Pedro M.P. Salomé,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro-Andrade,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Kamal Abderrafi,
• Joaquim P. Leitão,
• Juan C. Gonzalez and
• Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1103–1111, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.110

• present one line for each element. The STEM lamellae were prepared in a focused ion beam (FIB) FEI Dual-Beam Helios 450S with FIB Mo-grids using a technique known as “lift-out” [35]. To improve FIB preparation and visualization of the nanodots in the STEM, the samples were coated with an amorphous carbon

Influence of dielectric layer thickness and roughness on topographic effects in magnetic force microscopy

• Alexander Krivcov,
• Jasmin Ehrler,
• Marc Fuhrmann,
• Tanja Junkers and
• Hildegard Möbius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1056–1064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.106

• ). When a dielectric layer is introduced the capacitive coupling can be reduced so that the overall phase signal becomes negative. Thus, tuning the phase shift due to capacitive coupling by introducing a dielectric layer suppresses the electrostatic interaction and allows the visualization of magnetic

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• Imager (INTAS Science Imaging Instruments GmbH) was used for imaging. In order to compare the density of protein bands after the visualization step a densitometric analysis was performed by using ImageJ software (Vers. 1.52s, https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/download.html). For data analysis, the density of the

• over a time period of one day taking nine images of each well every hour. Image channel red (excitation: 565–605 nm/emission: 625–705 nm) was used to determine Lumogen® Red. Data evaluation was performed by calculation of the total red object area using the system software. Visualization of

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• of a silica-core doped with rhodamine to enable visualization via fluorescence microscopy, followed by a layer of PCL/ICG and a surface coating with either PCL or PLLA. Characterization of these particle types showed a size of 90 nm for PCL-NPs and 95 nm for PLLA-NPs. The zeta potential was −25.4 mV

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• corresponding visualization of electrochemical discharge products on the surface of glassy carbon during the Li/O2 reaction reveals that when the electrolyte contains ≈2500 ppm and ≈4600 ppm water, nanostructures of the size of about 500 nm suddenly appear during the initial phases of the discharge reaction

Fabrication of silver nanoisland films by pulsed laser deposition for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Bogusław Budner,
• Mariusz Kuźma,
• Barbara Nasiłowska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 882–893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.89

• deposited silver layers was visualized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, Quanta 3D FEG, FEI Company). SEM images were also used for the surface analysis of the obtained silver islands. The analysis was carried out in the Gwyddion software dedicated to the processing and visualization of scanning

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

• Leva Momtazi,
• Henrik H. Sønsteby and
• Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

• purging system. An uncoated Si(100) substrate was used to collect the background. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed in contact mode using a Park XE70 device. The data were analyzed using the Gwyddion 2.44 SPM visualization tool. The contact angle measurements were performed using a

Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• with high specificity and due to this property it has been incorporated on the surface of MSN labelled with 64Cu in order to perform imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) [27]. The injection of these particles into the blood stream of mice bearing breast tumour allowed for the visualization of

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• distribution of all tested HAps (Table 2). Obtained SEM data were further verified using atomic force microscopy. It is worth to note that AFM has proven to be a powerful visualization technique for a wide range of nanomaterials and nanoscale changes in the materials [51][52][53], including qualitative and

• uptake and HAp–cell interactions CHO cells were chosen for the visualization of cell interaction with HAp, since these cells displayed the greatest susceptibility in the viability tests. HAp agglomerates were clearly visible because of their ability to reflect a laser beam in the used wavelength range

A new bioinspired method for pressure and flow sensing based on the underwater air-retaining surface of the backswimmer Notonecta

• Matthias Mail,
• Adrian Klein,
• Horst Bleckmann,
• Anke Schmitz,
• Torsten Scherer,
• Peter T. Rühr,
• Goran Lovric,
• Robin Fröhlingsdorf,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3039–3047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.282

• (LuAG:Ce), yielding an effective pixel size of 0.65 µm. A short sample-to-detector distance was used for obtaining an attenuation-contrast type mode and maximizing spatial resolution [19]. Measurement of seta geometry and visualization of (SR-)µCT data To study the three-dimensional architecture of the

• setae, the virtual (SR-)µCT sections were preprocessed in ImageJ 1.51u [20]. The gray-value based surface models of the hemelytron were created in InVesalius 3.0 [21]. Seta measurements and three-dimensional visualization were performed in Blender 2.79 (blender.org). Behavioral experiments Twenty five

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• therapeutic and visualization capabilities in magnetism-based theranostics. Results and Discussion In this section, we start presenting the basic characterization of the size-selected NPs addressing dimensions and morphology, structure, and magnetic properties. This is followed by a discussion of the

• water and agarose mimicking tissues, is obtained for 25 nm diameter Fe3O4–Au NPs. This also allows for efficient NP visualization and heating in in vitro conditions, leading to the death of 4T1 mouse breast adenocarcinoma cells in high-frequency alternating magnetic fields. Therefore, these hybrid

Pattern generation for direct-write three-dimensional nanoscale structures via focused electron beam induced deposition

• Lukas Keller and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2581–2598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.240

• function is obtained from the slopes {mi} and {} is described next. For visualization of the height-dependent deposition rate see Figure 3. Renormalizing the variable sF for each edge with average height ζ = (Pe.z3D + Ps.z3D)/2 by the factor m/m′ determined from the slope ratios mi/ found in the

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• increased. This allows us to hypothesise that the concentration (obtained from AO/EB results) and exposure time play a crucial role in the antineoplastic evolution of CaP@5-FU NPs. The morphological visualization of the HCT-15 and HEK 293 cells after incubation with CaP@5-FU NPs was performed by bright

High-throughput micro-nanostructuring by microdroplet inkjet printing

• Hendrikje R. Neumann and
• Christine Selhuber-Unkel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2372–2380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.222

• Ar/H2 plasma etching at 300 W for 1 h. An exemplary quasi-hexagon pattern is drawn (yellow) for visualization. (B) Inkjet-printed 4 × 4 droplet pattern after drying and Ar/H2 plasma treatment at 300 W for 1 h. Both images were recorded with SEM. SEM images of size and droplet shape on the five

Surface energy of nanoparticles – influence of particle size and structure

• Dieter Vollath,
• Franz Dieter Fischer and
• David Holec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2265–2276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.211

• (shaded area) results of Castro et al., the result of Cluskey et al., obtained on Au55 clusters, is also located. Visualization of the setting for the estimation the number of next neighbors (coordination number) of an atom at the surface of a spherical particle with diameter d = 2R. The volume of the

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• ) energies. A quarter of the target was cut out for a better visualization. (b) Impact of an ion onto a carbon nanotube, a quasi-1D system. The excess energy is dissipated in only two directions, which may affect the temperature profile and give rise to additional defects. (c) The sketch of the electronic

Direct AFM-based nanoscale mapping and tomography of open-circuit voltages for photovoltaics

• Katherine Atamanuk,
• Justin Luria and
• Bryan D. Huey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1802–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.171

• current (Figure 2a) and open-circuit voltage (Figure 2b) images. These signals are uniquely colored for simultaneous visualization when superimposed (Figure 2c), based on a simple 1:1 overlay of the two distinct color images using conventional image processing software (FIJI). Viewed in this manner, most

The electrical conductivity of CNT/graphene composites: a new method for accelerating transmission function calculations

• Olga E. Glukhova and
• Dmitriy S. Shmygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1254–1262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.117

• are semi-infinite along X. The central cell is also translated to infinity over Y. Thus, the wave number ky varies within (−π/ay; π/ay), where ay is the unit cell size along the Y-direction (as shown in Figure 1a, the software VMD [17] was used for visualization). The calculated functions T(E) from

Magnetic characterization of cobalt nanowires and square nanorings fabricated by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Federico Venturi,
• Gian Carlo Gazzadi,
• Amir H. Tavabi,
• Alberto Rota,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski and
• Stefano Frabboni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1040–1049, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.97

• , at the bottom left, which is aligned in the opposite way, in response to the direction of the applied magnetic field. In the following, the ability of L-TEM to provide a direct visualization of the switching process of the horseshoe state in a square nanoring is demonstrated. Just as for nanowires

Electro-optical interfacial effects on a graphene/π-conjugated organic semiconductor hybrid system

• Karolline A. S. Araujo,
• Luiz A. Cury,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Thales F. D. Fernandes,
• Luiz G. Cançado and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 963–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.90

• of RA molecules. For a better visualization, the inset at the top left shows the superposition of the G band obtained for both cases. The Raman mode at ≈1570 cm−1 originates from C=C RA molecule bond. Fitting parameters of Equation 2 for the experimental data in Figure 4c–e. The error values from the

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• °C), (b) SP2 imine (at 50 and 90 °C) and (c) visualization of hexagonal packing of SP2 columns. Polarizing optical microscopy (POM) images for: (a) SP1 taken during 1st heating (at 27, 58, 72, 75 °C) and 1st cooling (at 44, 32, 13 and −20 °C), respectively and (b) SP2 taken during 1st cooling (at 36

Electron interaction with copper(II) carboxylate compounds

• Michal Lacko,
• Peter Papp,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Edward Szłyk and
• Štefan Matejčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 384–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.38

• function of electron energy. Each row represents the negative ion shown on the right. The energy scale was calibrated with respect to the formation of SF6− by electron attachment to SF6 that occurs at an electron energy ≈0 eV. Summary and visualization of the most important ion formation pathways for DI